The Experts below are selected from a list of 1872 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carol Wagstaff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
high glucosinolate content in rocket leaves diplotaxis tenuifolia and Eruca sativa after multiple harvests is associated with increased bitterness pungency and reduced consumer liking
Foods, 2020Co-Authors: Luke Bell, Stella Lignou, Carol WagstaffAbstract:Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Eruca sativa) leaves delivered to the UK market are variable in appearance, taste, and flavour over the growing season. This study presents sensory and consumer analyses of rocket produce delivered to the UK over the course of one year, and evaluated the contribution of environmental and cultivation factors upon quality traits and phytochemicals called glucosinolates (GSLs). GSL abundance was positively correlated with higher average growth temperatures during the crop cycle, and perceptions of pepperiness, bitterness, and hotness. This in turn was associated with reduced liking, and corresponded to low consumer acceptance. Conversely, leaves with greater sugar content were perceived as more sweet, and had a higher correlation with consumer acceptance of the test panel. First cut leaves of rocket were favoured more by consumers, with multiple leaf cuts associated with low acceptance and higher glucosinolate concentrations. Our data suggest that the practice of harvesting rocket crops multiple times reduces consumer acceptability due to increases in GSLs, and the associated bitter, hot, and peppery perceptions some of their hydrolysis products produce. This may have significant implications for cultivation practices during seasonal transitions, where leaves typically receive multiple harvests and longer growth cycles.
-
analysis of phytochemical composition and chemoprotective capacity of rocket Eruca sativa and diplotaxis tenuifolia leafy salad following cultivation in different environments
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Jing Jin, Olga A Koroleva, Trevor Gibson, June Swanston, Jane Magan, Yan Zhang, Ian Rowland, Carol WagstaffAbstract:Consumption of green leafy vegetables is associated with reduced risk of several types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. These beneficial effects are attributed to a range of phytochemicals including flavonoids and glucosinolates, both of which are found in high levels in Brassicaceous crops. Rocket is the general name attributed to cultivars of Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenufolia, known as salad rocket and wild rocket, respectively. We have shown that different light levels during the cultivation period of these crops have a significant impact on the levels of flavonoids present in the crop at harvest, with over 15-fold increase achieved in quercetin, isorhamnetin, and cyanidin in high light conditions. Postharvest storage further affects the levels of both flavonoids and glucosinolates, with cyanidin increasing during shelf life and some glucosinolates, such as glucoiberverin, being reduced over the same storage period. In vitro assays using human colon cell lines demonstrate that glucosinolate-rich extracts of Eruca sativa cv. Sky, but not Diplotaxis tenufolia cv. Voyager, confer significant resistance to oxidative stress on the cells, which is indicative of the chemoprotective properties of the leaves from this species. Our findings indicate that both pre and postharvest environment and genotypic selection, when developing new lines of Brassicaceous vegetables, are important considerations with the goal of improving human nutrition and health.
Richard N Bennett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identification and quantification of glucosinolates in sprouts derived from seeds of wild Eruca sativa l salad rocket and diplotaxis tenuifolia l wild rocket from diverse geographical locations
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Richard N Bennett, Rosa Carvalho, Fred A Mellon, John Eagles, Eduardo RosaAbstract:The Brassicaceae rocket species Eruca sativa L. (salad rocket) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. (wild rocket) are consumed throughout the world in salads, predominantly the leaves but also the flowers and more recently the sprouts (seedlings). Ontogenic profiling of glucosinolates and flavonoids in plants derived from commercial seed of these species has previously been done, but no studies have been conducted to determine how geographical origin affects glucosinolate composition in rocket species. Seeds from wild E. sativa L. and D. tenuifolia L. from diverse regions of the world were obtained from gene banks and grown under controlled conditions. Sprouts were harvested when they would normally be harvested for consumption, and glucosinolates were extracted and profiled in these accessions. All of the sprouts from Italian E. sativa L. had consistently high total glucosinolate content, with only a few exceptions, and also the highest percentage contents of 4-mercaptobutylglucosinolate. In contrast, sprouts produced from Central and Eastern European seeds had a much higher percentage of 4-methylthiobutylglucosinolate. With a single exception, Tunisia, all sprouts produced from North African seeds had very high 4-methylthiobutylglucosinolate contents. The single sample from China had a high total glucosinolate content and glucosinolate profile that was very similar to the accessions from Uzbekistan and Pakistan. All of the D. tenuifolia L. sprouts had consistently high total glucosinolate contents, and a high percentage of this was 4-mercaptobutylglucosinolate. This glucosinolate variation in levels and profiles of the rockets can be used for genetic studies, selected breeding, and human intervention studies.
-
ontogenic profiling of glucosinolates flavonoids and other secondary metabolites in Eruca sativa salad rocket diplotaxis erucoides wall rocket diplotaxis tenuifolia wild rocket and bunias orientalis turkish rocket
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Richard N Bennett, Fred A Mellon, Eduardo A S Rosa, Paul A KroonAbstract:As an influence of the Mediterranean diet, rocket species such as Eruca sativa L., Diplotaxis species, and Bunias orientalis L. are eaten all over the world at different ontogenic stages in salads ...
Francesco Di Gioia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
glucosinolate profile of Eruca sativa diplotaxis tenuifolia and diplotaxis erucoides grown in soil and soilless systems
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Francesco Di Gioia, Pinarosa Avato, Francesco Di Serio, Maria Pia ArgentieriAbstract:Abstract Soilless cultivation systems (SCS) are increasingly used to produce high quality baby-leaf arugula, appreciated by consumers for its pungent taste, due to the content of glucosinolates (GLS). Given all of the health benefits attributed to GLSs, there is great interest in understanding whether and how soilless growing systems may affect the GLS profile of arugula. For this purpose, a study was conducted to compare the GLS profile of Diplotaxis erucoides, D. tenuifolia, and Eruca sativa grown side-by-side under protected environment in a conventional soil-system (CSS) and in a SCS. Genotype and growing-system resulted in a significant effect on GLS content, while the resulting qualitative GLS profile was species-specific. Despite the growing-system, six different GLSs were identified from plants of D. tenuifolia and E. sativa, while only sinigrin was detected in plants of D. erucoides. Total GLS content was on average 9.85, 8.23, and 7.96 mg g−1 of dry weight in D. erucoides, D. tenuifolia, and E. sativa, grown in CSS, respectively. The same three species grown in SCS synthesized 36%, 51%, and 41% more GLSs than plants grown in CSS, respectively. Soilless cultivation may be adopted to increase the GLS content and enhance the nutritional quality of brassicas leafy vegetables.
Luca Valgimigli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
antimicrobial properties and analytical profile of traditional Eruca sativa seed oil comparison with various aerial and root plant extracts
Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Menka Khoobchandani, Renato Iori, B K Ojeswi, N Ganesh, M M Srivastava, Simone Gabbanini, Riccardo Matera, Luca ValgimigliAbstract:Abstract The present study investigates the antimicrobial activity of various solvent extracts of Eruca sativa (aerial and root) and seed oil against-antibiotic resistant Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomoms aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. Among the various preparations, seed oil was the most active, exhibiting a maximum zone inhibition of 97% for Gram-positive bacteria and of 74–97% for Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of the seed oil was found to be 65–75 and 60–70 μg/ml for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Analytical investigation on main volatile and non-volatile components was performed on seed oil. Among the formers allyl isothiocyanate (40 μg/g), 3-butenyl isothiocyanate (260 μg/g), 4-methylsulfinybutyl isothiocyanate (sulforaphane 743 μg/g), 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (159 μg/g) and bis(isothiocyanatobutyl)disulphide (∼5000 μg/g) were determined by head space/SPME/GC–MS analysis. Free fatty acids were 1.6% w/w of the oil and overall 25 fatty acids were identified. Erucic and oleic acids were the main fatty acids both in the free (7.8 and 2.1 mg/ml) and esterified forms (50.6% w/w and 14.9% w/w of total fatty acids). Unsaponifiable fraction was 1.8% w/w. Seed oil of E. sativa has promising pharmacological efficacies and ensures the presence of bio-active components responsible for the observed beneficial effects. Our findings support its use in traditional medicine as antimicrobial bioagent and highlight the potential of this food plant for its possible clinical use.
-
direct antioxidant activity of purified glucoerucin the dietary secondary metabolite contained in rocket Eruca sativa mill seeds and sprouts
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Jessica Barillari, Donatella Canistro, M Paolini, Fiammetta Ferroni, Gian Franco Pedulli, Renato Iori, Luca ValgimigliAbstract:Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill. or Eruca vesicaria L.) is widely distributed all over the world and is usually consumed fresh (leafs or sprouts) for its typical spicy taste. Nevertheless, it is mentioned in traditional pharmacopoeia and ancient literature for several therapeutic properties, and it does contain a number of health promoting agents including carotenoids, vitamin C, fibers, flavonoids, and glucosinolates (GLs). The latter phytochemicals have recently gained attention as being the precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), which are released by myrosinase hydrolysis during cutting, chewing, or processing of the vegetable. ITCs are recognized as potent inducers of phase II enzymes (e.g., glutathione transferases, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, epoxide hydrolase, etc.), which are important in the detoxification of electrophiles and protection against oxidative stress. The major GL found in rocket seeds is glucoerucin, GER (108 ± 5 μmol g-1 d.w.) that represents 95% of total GLs. The content is largely conserv...
Maria Pia Argentieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
glucosinolate profile of Eruca sativa diplotaxis tenuifolia and diplotaxis erucoides grown in soil and soilless systems
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Francesco Di Gioia, Pinarosa Avato, Francesco Di Serio, Maria Pia ArgentieriAbstract:Abstract Soilless cultivation systems (SCS) are increasingly used to produce high quality baby-leaf arugula, appreciated by consumers for its pungent taste, due to the content of glucosinolates (GLS). Given all of the health benefits attributed to GLSs, there is great interest in understanding whether and how soilless growing systems may affect the GLS profile of arugula. For this purpose, a study was conducted to compare the GLS profile of Diplotaxis erucoides, D. tenuifolia, and Eruca sativa grown side-by-side under protected environment in a conventional soil-system (CSS) and in a SCS. Genotype and growing-system resulted in a significant effect on GLS content, while the resulting qualitative GLS profile was species-specific. Despite the growing-system, six different GLSs were identified from plants of D. tenuifolia and E. sativa, while only sinigrin was detected in plants of D. erucoides. Total GLS content was on average 9.85, 8.23, and 7.96 mg g−1 of dry weight in D. erucoides, D. tenuifolia, and E. sativa, grown in CSS, respectively. The same three species grown in SCS synthesized 36%, 51%, and 41% more GLSs than plants grown in CSS, respectively. Soilless cultivation may be adopted to increase the GLS content and enhance the nutritional quality of brassicas leafy vegetables.
-
Glucosinolate profile of Eruca sativa, Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Diplotaxis erucoides grown in soil and soilless systems
'Elsevier BV', 2018Co-Authors: Di Gioia F, Avato P, Serio F, Maria Pia ArgentieriAbstract:A B S T R A C T Soilless cultivation systems (SCS) are increasingly used to produce high quality baby-leaf arugula, appreciated by consumers for its pungent taste, due to the content of glucosinolates (GLS). Given all of the health benefits attributed to GLSs, there is great interest in understanding whether and how soilless growing systems may affect the GLS profile of arugula. For this purpose, a study was conducted to compare the GLS profile of Diplotaxis erucoides, D. tenuifolia, and Eruca sativa grown side-by-side under protected environment in a conventional soilsystem (CSS) and in a SCS. Genotype and growing-system resulted in a significant effect on GLS content, while the resulting qualitative GLS profile was species-specific. Despite the growing-system, six different GLSs were identified from plants of D. tenuifolia and E. sativa, while only sinigrin was detected in plants of D. erucoides. Total GLS content was on average 9.85, 8.23, and 7.96 mg g−1 of dry weight in D. erucoides, D. tenuifolia, and E. sativa, grown in CSS, respectively. The same three species grown in SCS synthesized 36%, 51%, and 41% more GLSs than plants grown in CSS, respectively. Soilless cultivation may be adopted to increase the GLS content and enhance the nutritional quality of brassicas leafy vegetables. 1. Introduction Brassicaceae are among the oldest cultivated crops (Schmidt and Bancroft, 2011) with a production across Europe estimated at approximately 70 million tons/annum, and are considered a rich source of health-promoting phytochemicals (Avato and Argentieri, 2015). They are commonly referred to as the “mustard” (from the Latin mustum ardens) plant family, due to the sharp, potent flavour attributable to their main sulphur metabolites, the glucosinolates (GLSs) (Björkman et al., 2011; Petropoulos et al., 2017). When plant tissues are crushed or powdered, they are hydrolysed releasing the typical hot, pungent mustard components that are associated with the botanical family. While Brassicaceae contain several phytonutrients, GLSs are their most commonly studied constituents (Argentieri et al., 2012; Argentieri et al., 2011; Björkman et al., 2011; D’Antuono et al., 2008). Although anti-nutritional effects, resulting in goitre and liver damage in animals have been reported for GLSs (Cartea and Velasco, 2008; Tripathi and Mishra, 2007), several epidemiological studies have shown that in humans, high consumption of Brassica vegetables is inversely linked to cancer risk (Fimognari and Hrelia, 2007; Petropoulos et al., 2017). Moreover, it has been shown that GLSs and their breakdown product