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José M. Gómez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phylogenetic relationships of Erysimum (Brassicaceae) from the Baetic Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Belen M Herrador, Jesús A. Muñoz-pajares, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    The Baetic mountains, located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, constituting one of the most important glacial refugia for vascular plants in Europe. Despite their relatively limited extension, the Baetic Mountains con-tain almost 50 % of the total endemic Erysimum species in the Iberian Peninsula. The broadly distributed Erysimum genus has diversified profusely in the Mediterranean region, with more than a hundred species described in the area, out of a total of c. 200 species included in the genus. We used two plastid DNA regions (ndhF and trnT-L) and one nuclear DNA region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), with 3,556 bp total length, to carry out phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, in order to explore the evolutionary relationships between the Erysimum species inhab-iting these ranges. Analyses of concatenated sequences from the two genomes identified two main clades with no overlap in specie

  • a new combination in Erysimum brassicaceae for baetic mountains south eastern spain
    Phytotaxa, 2015
    Co-Authors: Juan Lorite, Francisco Perfectti, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    According to the new findings on the phylogeny of the genus Erysimum , we propose the new combination Erysimum bastetanum (G. Blanca & C. Morales) Lorite et al. comb . & stat. nov.

  • variacion intraestacional en los visitantes florales de Erysimum mediohispanicum en sierra nevada
    Ecosistemas: Revista científica y técnica de ecología y medio ambiente, 2014
    Co-Authors: Javier Valverde, José M. Gómez, Joaquin Calatayud, Francisco Perfectti
    Abstract:

    Valverde, J., Calatayud, J., Gomez, J.M., Perfectti, F. 2014. Intra-seasonal variation of Erysimum mediohispanicum flower visitors in Sierra Nevada (Spain). Ecosistemas 23(3): 83-92. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2014.23-3.11 Plant-pollinator interactions have traditionally been a hot topic in ecology and evolutionary biology due to both the ecological services it offers and its complexity as a system. Plants generally show a high diversity of floral visitors, making generalism a more common condition than expected. Furthermore floral visitor community seems to have spatio-temporal fluctuations in diversity and composition. Those variations respond to plant intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can affect to evolutionary and ecological aspects of plant populations. Here we assess the temporal variation in the floral visitor assemblage of the generalist plant Erysimum mediohispanicum Polatschek (Brassicaceae). We set up two experimental plots homogenizing for spatial and microenvironmental conditions to ascertain only the temporal variations in the floral visitors assemblage. During the flowering season we did daily censuses of the floral visitors, determining them to morpho-species level and clumped them in 16 functional groups based on morphological and behavioral characteristics. We found a high diversity for the whole assemblage in both experimental plots with high temporal fluctuations during the flowering season. Our results suggest an important species turnover with high fluctuations in relative abundance for some functional groups, which may turn into important ecological and evolutionary consequences.

  • phylogenetic relationships of Erysimum brassicaceae from the baetic mountains se iberian peninsula
    Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Jesus A Munozpajares, Belen M Herrador, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    The Baetic mountains, located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, constituting one of the most important glacial refugia for vascular plants in Europe. Despite their relatively limited extension, the Baetic Mountains contain almost 50% of the total endemic Erysimum species in the Iberian Peninsula. The broadly distributed Erysimum genus has diversified profusely in the Mediterranean region, with more than a hundred species described in the area, out of a total of c. 200 species included in the genus. We used two plastid DNA regions (ndhF and trnT-L) and one nuclear DNA region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), with 3,556 bp total length, to carry out phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, in order to explore the evolutionary relationships between the Erysimum species inhabiting these ranges. Analyses of concatenated sequences from the two genomes identified two main clades with no overlap in species composition so that samples from the same species fell within the same major clade. The phylogenetic relationships depicted by those two clades do not give support to the E. nevadense group, previously proposed on taxonomic grounds. In addition, our results indicated recurrent changes in flower colour in the Baetic Erysimum species although, alternatively, reticulate evolution, which is suggested by incongruent position of taxa in the different trees, may have also affected this trait.

  • biologia de la polinizacion de Erysimum endemicos de la alta montana de sierra nevada introgresion y extincion silenciosa
    2012
    Co-Authors: José M. Gómez, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Jesus A Munozpajares, Juande Fernandezcarmona, Francisco Perfectti
    Abstract:

    El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar la interaccion entre plantas endemicas y polinizadores, y discutir las consecuencias que se derivan para la conservacion de dichas plantas. Para ello, hemos estudiado durante tres anos la interaccion que cuatro especies de plantas del genero Erysimum, dos de ellas endemicas del Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada (E. baeticum baeticum y E. nevadense) y dos de amplio rango de distribucion (E. mediohispanicum y E. popovii), mantienen con sus polinizadores. Las especies endemicas estudiadas en este proyecto fueron visitadas por un conjunto de polinizadores igual de diverso y generalista que las especies no endemicas. En general, el conjunto de polinizadores de cada una de las especies estudiadas estuvo compuesto por no menos de 100 especies. En todos los casos el gremio de polinizadores consistio en una mezcla de especies de insectos eficientes como vectores polinicos y especies de insectos poco eficientes. Todas las especies de plantas estudiadas se caracterizaron por tener un conjunto de polinizadores altamente variable en el espacio. Asimismo, observamos la existencia de una gran estructuracion genetica, ya que poblaciones de plantas cercanas difieren en su constitucion genetica de forma significativa. Estudios filogeneticos sugieren que las especies endemicas y no endemicas del Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada forman parte de diferentes linajes dentro del genero Erysimum. Cualquier contacto entre ellas en la naturaleza parece ser de caracter secundario. Asimismo, estas especies pueden hibridar facilmente, y no parecen sufrir una intensa depresion por exogamia. Esto conlleva la posibilidad de que puedan darse fenomenos de introgresion genetica de unas especies en otras, con el peligro de que algunas especies endemicas desaparezcan absorbidas geneticas por la expansion de especies no endemicas. Todas las especies estudiadas tienen su reproduccion limitada por la llegada insuficiente de granos de polen (limitacion de polen). Este fenomeno ha estado asociado en todos los casos a una depauperacion del gremio de visitantes florales en abundancia, diversidad y presencia de polinizadores eficientes. Por lo tanto, pensamos que para disminuir el riesgo de extincion de las especies de plantas endemicas de Sierra Nevada, es necesario desarrollar planes de gestion integradores que contemplen tambien la proteccion y el manejo de las poblaciones de organismos mutualistas que benefician la reproduccion de las plantas.

Francisco Perfectti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Data set of the quantity, quality and genetic components of pollination effectiveness of the pollinator assemblage of "Erysimum mediohispanicum".
    2019
    Co-Authors: Javier Valverde, Francisco Perfectti, José María Gómez
    Abstract:

    - QLC_Valverde_2019_NewPhytol.txt:Dataset containing information about the fruit set and seed set produced after single visits of pollinators to virgin flowers of Erysimum mediohispanicum.- plant_visitation_Valverde_2019_NewPhytol.txt:Dataset containing visitation rates of pollinators per plant and day.- contacted_flowers_Valverde_2019_NewPhytol.txtDataset containing information about the number of flowers contacted per visited plant.-mother_and_pollen_donors_genotypes_Valverde_2019_NewPhytol.txt:Dataset containing genotypes (SSR) of mother plants and pollen donors. For pollen donors information about the spatial location is provided.- offspring_genotypes_Valverde_2019_NewPhytol.txt:Dataset with information genotypes (SSR) of the offspring produced after single visits to virgin flowers. Spatial location of the mother plant at the moment of the pollination event is also provided.

  • Niche differences may explain the geographic distribution of cytotypes in Erysimum mediohispanicum
    Plant Biology, 2017
    Co-Authors: A. J. Muñoz‐pajares, Mariana Castro, Paolo Biella, Francisco Perfectti, Joao Loureiro, Silvia Castro, Mahmoud Abdelaziz, J. M. Gomez
    Abstract:

    Polyploidization has played an important role in plant diversification, and variation in ploidy level may be found not only between species of the same genus, but also within a single species. Although establishing the adaptive significance of polyploidy to explain the geographic distribution of cytotypes is challenging, the occurrence of different cytotypes in different ecological niches may suggest an adaptive role of genome duplication. We have studied the adaptive significance of the geographic distribution of cytotypes across the entire distribution range of the endemic Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae). For that, we have used climatic variables, population elevation, and soil properties to model ecological niches for the different cytotypes. In addition, we have analysed the effect that ploidy level has on the floral phenotype. We have found a clear geographic pattern in the distribution of cytotypes, with diploid individuals occurring in the southernmost part of the distribution range, while tetraploids were found in the northern area. A contact (mosaic) zone between both cytotypes has been identified, but diploids and tetraploids occur in sympatry in only one population (although in a highly unbalanced proportion). Gene flow between different cytotypes seems to be negligible, as evident from an almost complete absence of triploids and other minority cytotypes. Niches occupied by both cytotypes showed subtle, but significant differences, even in the contact zone. Precipitation was higher in regions occupied by tetraploid individuals, which present wider corolla tubes and thinner but taller stalks than diploids. Our findings highlight the potential role of polyploidy in the ecological adaptation of E. mediohispanicum to both abiotic factors and biotic interactions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  • Phylogenetic relationships of Erysimum (Brassicaceae) from the Baetic Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Belen M Herrador, Jesús A. Muñoz-pajares, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    The Baetic mountains, located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, constituting one of the most important glacial refugia for vascular plants in Europe. Despite their relatively limited extension, the Baetic Mountains con-tain almost 50 % of the total endemic Erysimum species in the Iberian Peninsula. The broadly distributed Erysimum genus has diversified profusely in the Mediterranean region, with more than a hundred species described in the area, out of a total of c. 200 species included in the genus. We used two plastid DNA regions (ndhF and trnT-L) and one nuclear DNA region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), with 3,556 bp total length, to carry out phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, in order to explore the evolutionary relationships between the Erysimum species inhab-iting these ranges. Analyses of concatenated sequences from the two genomes identified two main clades with no overlap in specie

  • Appendix A. Specific and functional composition of the pollinator assemblage of Erysimum mediohispanicum.
    2016
    Co-Authors: J. M. Gomez, Francisco Perfectti, J. Bosch, J. P. M. Camacho
    Abstract:

    Specific and functional composition of the pollinator assemblage of Erysimum mediohispanicum

  • a new combination in Erysimum brassicaceae for baetic mountains south eastern spain
    Phytotaxa, 2015
    Co-Authors: Juan Lorite, Francisco Perfectti, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    According to the new findings on the phylogeny of the genus Erysimum , we propose the new combination Erysimum bastetanum (G. Blanca & C. Morales) Lorite et al. comb . & stat. nov.

Mohamed Abdelaziz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phylogenetic relationships of Erysimum (Brassicaceae) from the Baetic Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Belen M Herrador, Jesús A. Muñoz-pajares, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    The Baetic mountains, located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, constituting one of the most important glacial refugia for vascular plants in Europe. Despite their relatively limited extension, the Baetic Mountains con-tain almost 50 % of the total endemic Erysimum species in the Iberian Peninsula. The broadly distributed Erysimum genus has diversified profusely in the Mediterranean region, with more than a hundred species described in the area, out of a total of c. 200 species included in the genus. We used two plastid DNA regions (ndhF and trnT-L) and one nuclear DNA region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), with 3,556 bp total length, to carry out phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, in order to explore the evolutionary relationships between the Erysimum species inhab-iting these ranges. Analyses of concatenated sequences from the two genomes identified two main clades with no overlap in specie

  • phylogenetic relationships of Erysimum brassicaceae from the baetic mountains se iberian peninsula
    Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Jesus A Munozpajares, Belen M Herrador, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    The Baetic mountains, located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, constituting one of the most important glacial refugia for vascular plants in Europe. Despite their relatively limited extension, the Baetic Mountains contain almost 50% of the total endemic Erysimum species in the Iberian Peninsula. The broadly distributed Erysimum genus has diversified profusely in the Mediterranean region, with more than a hundred species described in the area, out of a total of c. 200 species included in the genus. We used two plastid DNA regions (ndhF and trnT-L) and one nuclear DNA region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), with 3,556 bp total length, to carry out phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, in order to explore the evolutionary relationships between the Erysimum species inhabiting these ranges. Analyses of concatenated sequences from the two genomes identified two main clades with no overlap in species composition so that samples from the same species fell within the same major clade. The phylogenetic relationships depicted by those two clades do not give support to the E. nevadense group, previously proposed on taxonomic grounds. In addition, our results indicated recurrent changes in flower colour in the Baetic Erysimum species although, alternatively, reticulate evolution, which is suggested by incongruent position of taxa in the different trees, may have also affected this trait.

  • biologia de la polinizacion de Erysimum endemicos de la alta montana de sierra nevada introgresion y extincion silenciosa
    2012
    Co-Authors: José M. Gómez, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Jesus A Munozpajares, Juande Fernandezcarmona, Francisco Perfectti
    Abstract:

    El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar la interaccion entre plantas endemicas y polinizadores, y discutir las consecuencias que se derivan para la conservacion de dichas plantas. Para ello, hemos estudiado durante tres anos la interaccion que cuatro especies de plantas del genero Erysimum, dos de ellas endemicas del Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada (E. baeticum baeticum y E. nevadense) y dos de amplio rango de distribucion (E. mediohispanicum y E. popovii), mantienen con sus polinizadores. Las especies endemicas estudiadas en este proyecto fueron visitadas por un conjunto de polinizadores igual de diverso y generalista que las especies no endemicas. En general, el conjunto de polinizadores de cada una de las especies estudiadas estuvo compuesto por no menos de 100 especies. En todos los casos el gremio de polinizadores consistio en una mezcla de especies de insectos eficientes como vectores polinicos y especies de insectos poco eficientes. Todas las especies de plantas estudiadas se caracterizaron por tener un conjunto de polinizadores altamente variable en el espacio. Asimismo, observamos la existencia de una gran estructuracion genetica, ya que poblaciones de plantas cercanas difieren en su constitucion genetica de forma significativa. Estudios filogeneticos sugieren que las especies endemicas y no endemicas del Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada forman parte de diferentes linajes dentro del genero Erysimum. Cualquier contacto entre ellas en la naturaleza parece ser de caracter secundario. Asimismo, estas especies pueden hibridar facilmente, y no parecen sufrir una intensa depresion por exogamia. Esto conlleva la posibilidad de que puedan darse fenomenos de introgresion genetica de unas especies en otras, con el peligro de que algunas especies endemicas desaparezcan absorbidas geneticas por la expansion de especies no endemicas. Todas las especies estudiadas tienen su reproduccion limitada por la llegada insuficiente de granos de polen (limitacion de polen). Este fenomeno ha estado asociado en todos los casos a una depauperacion del gremio de visitantes florales en abundancia, diversidad y presencia de polinizadores eficientes. Por lo tanto, pensamos que para disminuir el riesgo de extincion de las especies de plantas endemicas de Sierra Nevada, es necesario desarrollar planes de gestion integradores que contemplen tambien la proteccion y el manejo de las poblaciones de organismos mutualistas que benefician la reproduccion de las plantas.

  • characterization of microsatellite loci in Erysimum mediohispanicum brassicaceae and cross amplification in related species
    American Journal of Botany, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jesus A Munozpajares, José M. Gómez, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Belen M Herrador, Xavier F Pico, Timothy F Sharbel, Francisco Perfectti
    Abstract:

     Premise of the study : We have developed and optimized microsatellite loci from a genomic library of Erysimum mediohispanicum. Microsatellites were also tested for cross-amplifi cation in 31 other Erysimum species.  Methods and Results : A total of 10 microsatellite loci were successfully amplifi ed. They were polymorphic for 81 E. mediohispanicum individuals from two locations in Sierra Nevada (southeastern Spain), which showed similar patterns of genetic diversity. On average, microsatellites had 8.6 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity of 0.69. Only one locus signifi cantly departed from Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium in both locations. Most of the markers successfully amplifi ed in other Erysimum species.  Conclusions : The genetic attributes of microsatellite loci will allow their application to population genetic studies in Erysimum , such as genetic differentiation and structure, gene fl ow, pollinator-mediated speciation, and hybridization studies.

  • using complementary techniques to distinguish cryptic species a new Erysimum brassicaceae species from north africa
    American Journal of Botany, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Jesus A Munozpajares, Belen M Herrador, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Cryptic species are superficially morphologically indistinguishable and therefore erroneously classified under one single name. The identification and delimitation of these species is usually a difficult task. The main aim of this study is to provide an inclusive methodology that combines standard and new tools to allow accurate identification of cryptic species. We used Erysimum nervosum s.l. as a model system. METHODS: Four populations belonging to E. nervosum s.l. were sampled at their two distribution ranges in Morocco (the Atlas Mountains and the Rif Mountains). Fifteen individuals per population were collected to assess standard taxonomic traits. Additionally, corolla color and shape were quantified in 30 individuals per population using spectrophotometry and geometric morphometrics, respectively. Finally, we collected tissue samples from each population per species to study the phylogenetic relationships among them. KEY RESULTS: Using the standard taxonomic traits, we could not distinguish the four populations. Nonetheless, there were differences in corolla color and shape between plants from the two mountain ranges. The population differentiation based on quantitative morphological differences were confirmed and supported by the phylogenetic relationships obtained for these populations and the rest of the Moroccan Erysimum species. CONCLUSIONS: The joint use of the results obtained from standard taxonomic traits, quantitative analyses of plant phenotype, and molecular data suggests the occurrence of two species within E. nervosum s.l. in Morocco, one located in the Atlas Mountains (E. nervosum s.s.) and the other in the Rif Mountains (E. riphaeanum sp. nov.). Consequently, we suggest that combining quantitative and molecular approaches with standard taxonomy greatly benefits the identification of cryptic species.

Georg Jander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acropetal and basipetal cardenolide transport in Erysimum cheiranthoides wormseed wallflower
    Phytochemistry, 2021
    Co-Authors: Martin L Alani, Mahdieh Mirzaei, Pavan Kumar, Gordon C Younkin, Georg Jander
    Abstract:

    Abstract Plant specialized metabolites are often subject to within-plant transport and have tissue-specific distribution patterns. Among plants in the Brassicaceae, the genus Erysimum is unique in producing not only glucosinolates but also cardenolides. Ten cardenolides were detected with varying abundance in different tissues of Erysimum cheiranthoides L (Brassicaceae; wormseed wallflower). As is predicted by the optimal defense theory, cardenolides were most abundant in young leaves and reproductive tissues. The lowest concentrations were observed in senescing leaves and roots. Crosses between wildtype E. cheiranthoides and a mutant line with an altered cardenolide profile showed that the seed cardenolide phenotype is determined entirely by the maternal genotype. Prior to the development of the first true leaves, seedling cotyledons also had the maternal cardenolide profile. Hypocotyl grafting experiments showed that the root cardenolide profile is determined entirely by the aboveground plant genotype. In further grafting experiments, there was no evidence of cardenolide transport into the leaves, but a mixed cardenolide profile was observed in the stems and inflorescences of plants that had been grafted at vegetative and flowering growth stages, respectively. Together, these results indicate that E. cheiranthoides leaves are a site of cardenolide biosynthesis.

  • acropetal and basipetal cardenolide transport in Erysimum cheiranthoides wormseed wallflower
    bioRxiv, 2021
    Co-Authors: Martin L Alani, Mahdieh Mirzaei, Pavan Kumar, Gordon C Younkin, Georg Jander
    Abstract:

    Plant specialized metabolites are often subject to within-plant transport and have tissue-specific distribution patterns. Among plants in the Brassicaceae, the genus Erysimum is unique in producing not only glucosinolates but also cardenolides as defense against insect herbivory. Ten cardenolides were detected with varying abundance in different tissues of Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower). As is predicted by the optimal defense theory, cardenolides were most abundant in young leaves and reproductive tissues. The lowest concentrations were observed in senescing leaves and roots. Crosses between wildtype E. cheiranthoides and a mutant line with an altered cardenolide profile showed that the seed cardenolide phenotype is determined entirely by the maternal genotype. Prior to the development of the first true leaves, seedling cotyledons also had the maternal cardenolide profile. Hypocotyl grafting experiments showed that the root cardenolide profile is determined entirely by the aboveground plant genotype. In further grafting experiments, there was no evidence of cardenolide transport into the leaves, but a mixed cardenolide profile was observed in the stems and inflorescences of plants that had been grafted at vegetative and flowering growth stages, respectively. Together, these results indicate that E. cheiranthoides leaves are a likely site of cardenolide biosynthesis and therefore also likely the plant tissue that is most likely to be expressing the relevant biosynthetic genes.

  • Erysimum cheiranthoides, an ecological research system with potential as a genetic and genomic model for studying cardiac glycoside biosynthesis
    Phytochemistry Reviews, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tobias Züst, Mahdieh Mirzaei, Georg Jander
    Abstract:

    At least twelve plant families contain species that synthesize cardiac glycosides as defense against herbivory. These inhibitors of animal Na^+, K^+-ATPases also have medical uses in treating congestive heart failure and other diseases. However, despite extensive ecological research and centuries of use in both traditional and modern medicine, the complete cardiac glycoside biosynthesis pathway has yet to be elucidated in any plant species. To a large extent, this research deficit results from the fact that cardiac glycosides are produced exclusively by non-model plant species such as Digitalis that have not been amenable to the development of mutagenesis, cloning, and genetic mapping approaches. Recent advances in genome sequencing, transcript profiling, plant transformation, transient expression assays, and plant metabolite analysis have provided new opportunities for the investigation and elucidation of cardiac glycoside biosynthesis pathways. The genetic tools that have been developed for Brassicaceae, in particular Arabidopsis thaliana , may be directly applicable to Erysimum , a Brassicaceae genus that characteristically produces cardiac glycosides as defensive metabolites. We propose that Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower), a rapid-cycling, self-pollinating species with a relatively small, diploid genome, would be a suitable model system to advance research on the biosynthesis of cardiac glycosides in plants.

Jesus A Munozpajares - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogenetic relationships of Erysimum brassicaceae from the baetic mountains se iberian peninsula
    Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Jesus A Munozpajares, Belen M Herrador, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    The Baetic mountains, located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, constituting one of the most important glacial refugia for vascular plants in Europe. Despite their relatively limited extension, the Baetic Mountains contain almost 50% of the total endemic Erysimum species in the Iberian Peninsula. The broadly distributed Erysimum genus has diversified profusely in the Mediterranean region, with more than a hundred species described in the area, out of a total of c. 200 species included in the genus. We used two plastid DNA regions (ndhF and trnT-L) and one nuclear DNA region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), with 3,556 bp total length, to carry out phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, in order to explore the evolutionary relationships between the Erysimum species inhabiting these ranges. Analyses of concatenated sequences from the two genomes identified two main clades with no overlap in species composition so that samples from the same species fell within the same major clade. The phylogenetic relationships depicted by those two clades do not give support to the E. nevadense group, previously proposed on taxonomic grounds. In addition, our results indicated recurrent changes in flower colour in the Baetic Erysimum species although, alternatively, reticulate evolution, which is suggested by incongruent position of taxa in the different trees, may have also affected this trait.

  • biologia de la polinizacion de Erysimum endemicos de la alta montana de sierra nevada introgresion y extincion silenciosa
    2012
    Co-Authors: José M. Gómez, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Jesus A Munozpajares, Juande Fernandezcarmona, Francisco Perfectti
    Abstract:

    El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar la interaccion entre plantas endemicas y polinizadores, y discutir las consecuencias que se derivan para la conservacion de dichas plantas. Para ello, hemos estudiado durante tres anos la interaccion que cuatro especies de plantas del genero Erysimum, dos de ellas endemicas del Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada (E. baeticum baeticum y E. nevadense) y dos de amplio rango de distribucion (E. mediohispanicum y E. popovii), mantienen con sus polinizadores. Las especies endemicas estudiadas en este proyecto fueron visitadas por un conjunto de polinizadores igual de diverso y generalista que las especies no endemicas. En general, el conjunto de polinizadores de cada una de las especies estudiadas estuvo compuesto por no menos de 100 especies. En todos los casos el gremio de polinizadores consistio en una mezcla de especies de insectos eficientes como vectores polinicos y especies de insectos poco eficientes. Todas las especies de plantas estudiadas se caracterizaron por tener un conjunto de polinizadores altamente variable en el espacio. Asimismo, observamos la existencia de una gran estructuracion genetica, ya que poblaciones de plantas cercanas difieren en su constitucion genetica de forma significativa. Estudios filogeneticos sugieren que las especies endemicas y no endemicas del Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada forman parte de diferentes linajes dentro del genero Erysimum. Cualquier contacto entre ellas en la naturaleza parece ser de caracter secundario. Asimismo, estas especies pueden hibridar facilmente, y no parecen sufrir una intensa depresion por exogamia. Esto conlleva la posibilidad de que puedan darse fenomenos de introgresion genetica de unas especies en otras, con el peligro de que algunas especies endemicas desaparezcan absorbidas geneticas por la expansion de especies no endemicas. Todas las especies estudiadas tienen su reproduccion limitada por la llegada insuficiente de granos de polen (limitacion de polen). Este fenomeno ha estado asociado en todos los casos a una depauperacion del gremio de visitantes florales en abundancia, diversidad y presencia de polinizadores eficientes. Por lo tanto, pensamos que para disminuir el riesgo de extincion de las especies de plantas endemicas de Sierra Nevada, es necesario desarrollar planes de gestion integradores que contemplen tambien la proteccion y el manejo de las poblaciones de organismos mutualistas que benefician la reproduccion de las plantas.

  • characterization of microsatellite loci in Erysimum mediohispanicum brassicaceae and cross amplification in related species
    American Journal of Botany, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jesus A Munozpajares, José M. Gómez, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Belen M Herrador, Xavier F Pico, Timothy F Sharbel, Francisco Perfectti
    Abstract:

     Premise of the study : We have developed and optimized microsatellite loci from a genomic library of Erysimum mediohispanicum. Microsatellites were also tested for cross-amplifi cation in 31 other Erysimum species.  Methods and Results : A total of 10 microsatellite loci were successfully amplifi ed. They were polymorphic for 81 E. mediohispanicum individuals from two locations in Sierra Nevada (southeastern Spain), which showed similar patterns of genetic diversity. On average, microsatellites had 8.6 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity of 0.69. Only one locus signifi cantly departed from Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium in both locations. Most of the markers successfully amplifi ed in other Erysimum species.  Conclusions : The genetic attributes of microsatellite loci will allow their application to population genetic studies in Erysimum , such as genetic differentiation and structure, gene fl ow, pollinator-mediated speciation, and hybridization studies.

  • using complementary techniques to distinguish cryptic species a new Erysimum brassicaceae species from north africa
    American Journal of Botany, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Lorite, Jesus A Munozpajares, Belen M Herrador, José M. Gómez
    Abstract:

    PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Cryptic species are superficially morphologically indistinguishable and therefore erroneously classified under one single name. The identification and delimitation of these species is usually a difficult task. The main aim of this study is to provide an inclusive methodology that combines standard and new tools to allow accurate identification of cryptic species. We used Erysimum nervosum s.l. as a model system. METHODS: Four populations belonging to E. nervosum s.l. were sampled at their two distribution ranges in Morocco (the Atlas Mountains and the Rif Mountains). Fifteen individuals per population were collected to assess standard taxonomic traits. Additionally, corolla color and shape were quantified in 30 individuals per population using spectrophotometry and geometric morphometrics, respectively. Finally, we collected tissue samples from each population per species to study the phylogenetic relationships among them. KEY RESULTS: Using the standard taxonomic traits, we could not distinguish the four populations. Nonetheless, there were differences in corolla color and shape between plants from the two mountain ranges. The population differentiation based on quantitative morphological differences were confirmed and supported by the phylogenetic relationships obtained for these populations and the rest of the Moroccan Erysimum species. CONCLUSIONS: The joint use of the results obtained from standard taxonomic traits, quantitative analyses of plant phenotype, and molecular data suggests the occurrence of two species within E. nervosum s.l. in Morocco, one located in the Atlas Mountains (E. nervosum s.s.) and the other in the Rif Mountains (E. riphaeanum sp. nov.). Consequently, we suggest that combining quantitative and molecular approaches with standard taxonomy greatly benefits the identification of cryptic species.

  • heritability and genetic correlation of corolla shape and size in Erysimum mediohispanicum
    Evolution, 2009
    Co-Authors: José M. Gómez, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Jesus A Munozpajares, Francisco Perfectti
    Abstract:

    Flower shape has evolved in most plants as a consequence of pollinator-mediated selection. Unfortunately, no study has explored the genetic variation of flower shape, despite that this information is crucial to understand its adaptive evolution. Our main goal here is to determine heritability of corolla shape in Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae). Also, we explore heritability of other pollinator-selected traits in this plant species, such as plant size, flower display, and corolla size. In addition, we investigate genetic correlations between all these traits. We found significant heritability for one plant-size trait (stalk height), for number of flowers, for all corolla-size traits (corolla diameter, corolla tube length and corolla tube width), and for corolla shape. Consequently, this species retains a high ability to respond to the selection exerted by its pollinators. Genetic correlation was strong between all functionally related traits and between flower number and plant size, weak between corolla size and plant size and no correlation between corolla shape and any other trait. Thus, selection affecting some E. mediohispanicum traits would also indirectly affect other functionally related and unrelated traits. More importantly, the observed genetic correlation seems to be at least partially adaptive because positive correlational selection currently acts on the covariance between some of these traits (Gomez 2003; Gomez et al. 2006).