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Heizir F De Castro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • one pot fungal biomass to biodiesel process influence of the molar ratio and the concentration of acid heterogenous catalyst on reaction yield and costs
    Fuel, 2021
    Co-Authors: Heitor B S Bento, Cristiano Rodrigues E Reis, Pietro G Cunha, Ana K F Carvalho, Heizir F De Castro
    Abstract:

    Abstract This work evaluates a microbial-based biodiesel production process through simultaneous Esterification and transEsterification of the lipid-rich fungal biomass using ethanol as both extractor and acyl acceptor. Two of the most influential parameters were evaluated, the molar ratio of ethanol to the oil, and the concentration of a heterogeneous acid catalyst (H3PMo/Al2O3), with responses in terms of conversion to ethyl Esters and an estimated cost of the process variables. Fungal biomass of Mucor circinelloides was cultivated in sugarcane molasses media and the obtained oleaginous cells were used as the source of acylglycerols and free fatty acids for the trans/Esterification reactions in a pressurized stainless-steel reactor at 200 °C for 6 h. Our results demonstrate that the effects of the two factors analyzed were significant, with an indication that increases in the molar ratio and catalyst favor the reaction yield. In the reaction system, a molar ratio of 120:1 (ethanol: oil) and 15 wt% of catalyst yielded 96.6% of Ester Content, which meets the minimum limit established by the international standards. Production costs were estimated in function of ethanol and catalyst price and indicated the selected parameters reflected the adequate configuration to reach the stablished minimum Ester Content.

  • synthesis of biodiesel from macaw palm oil using mesoporous solid catalyst comprising 12 molybdophosphoric acid and niobia
    Renewable Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Leyvison Rafael V Da Conceicao, Livia Melo Carneiro, Domingos S Giordani, Heizir F De Castro
    Abstract:

    A combined effect of reaction temperature, ethanol-to-oil molar ratio and catalyst concentration on biodiesel production by H3PMo12O40 (HPMo) supported on niobia from macaw palm oil (Acrocomia aculeata) with high free fatty acid Content has been studied herein through the response surface methodology. A 23 face centered central composite design was employed in order to conduct the experimental design and results analysis. Optimum conditions were found to be at 210 °C reaction temperature, 90:1 ethanol-to-oil molar ratio and 20.0% catalyst concentration, rendering high-quality biodiesel (99.65% Ester Content, 4.90 mm2/s viscosity and low monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol levels). Such high performance can be associated with the catalyst satisfactory features, as characterized by typical analyses such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 Adsorption-desorption and Surface acidity. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused with no notable loss of catalytic activity until the second reaction cycle, thus maintaining an Ester Content higher than 94%.

  • solid acid as catalyst for biodiesel production via simultaneous Esterification and transEsterification of macaw palm oil
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2016
    Co-Authors: Leyvison Rafael V Da Conceicao, Livia Melo Carneiro, Daniel J Rivaldi, Heizir F De Castro
    Abstract:

    Abstract Heterogeneous catalysis applied to Esterification and transEsterification of non-edible oil offers a strategy to the clean synthesis of the biodiesel and is driving research interested into the development of acid catalysts for efficient conversion of low quality vegetable oils into fuels to meet future societal demands. Thus, sulfated niobium oxide catalyst was synthesized by the impregnation method and used as a heterogeneous catalyst aimed at biodiesel production via macaw palm oil through high free fatty acid Content transEsterification with ethanol. The effect of two reaction parameters, molar ratio of ethanol to macaw palm oil and reaction temperature, on Ester Content and viscosity was studied by the response surface methodology (RSM). The Ester Content was determined by GC. The catalyst shows excellent activity (99.2% Ester Content and 4.5 mm2/s viscosity) towards biodiesel production. Its optimum reaction conditions were: 120:1 molar ratio of ethanol to macaw palm oil at 250 °C reaction temperature. The catalysts characterization was carried out by using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and N2 Adsorption-desorption and Surface Acidity Analyses.

Christian Möllers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • QTL for phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content in Brassica napus L. collocate with the two erucic acid genes
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Samija Amar, Heiko C. Becker, Wolfgang Ecke, Christian Möllers
    Abstract:

    Improving oil and protein quality for food and feed purposes is an important goal in rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) breeding programs. Rapeseed contains phytosterols, used to enrich food products, and sinapate Esters, which are limiting the utilization of rapeseed proteins in the feed industry. Increasing the phytosterol Content of oil and lowering sinapate Ester Content of meal could increase the value of the oilseed rape crop. The objective of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content in a winter rapeseed population of 148 doubled haploid lines, previously found to have a large variation for these two traits. This population also segregated for the two erucic acid genes. A close negative correlation was found between erucic acid and phytosterol Content (Spearman’s rank correlation, r _s = −0.80^**). For total phytosterol Content, three QTL were detected, explaining 60% of the genetic variance. The two QTL with the strongest additive effects were mapped on linkage groups N8 and N13 within the confidence intervals of the two erucic acid genes. For sinapate Ester Content four QTL were detected, explaining 53% of the genetic variance. Again, a close negative correlation was found between erucic acid and sinapate Ester Content ( r _s = −0.66^**) and the QTL with the strongest additive effects mapped on linkage groups N8 and N13 within the confidence intervals of the two erucic acid genes. The results suggests, that there is a pleiotropic effect of the two erucic acid genes on phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content; the effect of the alleles for low erucic acid Content is to increase phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content. Possible reasons for this are discussed based on known biosynthetic pathways.

  • genetic variation for sinapate Ester Content in winter rapeseed brassica napus l and development of nirs calibration equations
    Plant Breeding, 2007
    Co-Authors: Zum T Felde, Alfred Baumert, Dieter Strack, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers
    Abstract:

    Increasing the meal and protein quality of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for food and feed purposes is gaining importance in rapeseed breeding programmes. Rapeseed meal has a high Content of phenolic acid Esters, mainly sinapate Esters, which have been shown to cause a dark colour and a bitter taste in rapeseed meal and derived protein products. The aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic variation for individual and total sinapate Ester Content, to develop Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic (NIRS) calibrations, and to identify genotypes with a low sinapate Ester Content after testing in the field. The following sinapate Esters were analysed by HPLC: sinapoylcholine (sinapine), sinapoylglucose, and a minor group of 'other sinapate Esters' which includes free sinapate. A genotypically diverse set of seed samples of winter oilseed rape (old and new cultivars, breeding lines, resynthesized rapeseed) from different years and locations was collected, their NIRS spectra recorded and the samples were further analysed by HPLC. The complete NIRS calibration seed sample set (n = 575) showed a large variation in total sinapate Ester Content, ranging from 3.2 to 12.7 mg sinapate equivalents per g seeds. The NIRS calibration equations showed high fractions of explained variances in cross validation (R 2 cv ) ranging from 0.75 (other sinapate Esters) to 0.85 (sinapoylglucose). The standard errors of cross validation (SECV) ranged from 0.38 (other sinapate Esters) to 0.70 mg/g seed (total sinapate Esters). In validation and in independent validations the predicted results were not always acceptable, indicating that the NIRS calibrations need to be extended by analysing samples from new populations. Following replicated field experiments, a doubled haploid line obtained from the old Dutch cultivar Mansholts' Hamburger Raps, and related DH lines from the cross DH Mansholts' x Express were confirmed to have a 30-40% lower sinapate Ester Content compared to check cultivars.

  • genotype environment interactions heritability and trait correlations of sinapate Ester Content in winter rapeseed brassica napus l
    Crop Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thomas Zum Felde, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers
    Abstract:

    Improving the meal and protein quality for feed and food purposes is of increasing importance in canola (Brassica napus L.). The phenolic add Ester Content contributes to the bitter taste, astringency, and dark color of rapeseed meal products. The predominant phenolic acid Esters are sinapate Esters (SE), which make up 1 to 2% of the seed dry matter. The objective of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation and the genotype x environment interactions for SE Content and composition in three populations of doubled haploid lines. The populations were grown in three to four environments in Germany. The following SE were analyzed by HPLC: sinapoylcholine (sinapine), sinapoylglucose, and a minor group of other SE which includes sinapate. The three populations showed a highly significant variation for the total SE Content, and sinapine was the predominant sinapate Ester compound. The analysis of variance showed highly significant effects for the genotype (G), the environment (E) and the G × E interactions for all three populations. In two of the populations the G x E interaction variance components were less than half of the genetic variance, in one population it was slightly higher. The estimates for heritability of the individual and total SE were generally high and ranged from 0.57 to 0.93. A reduction of sinapate Ester Content was not associated with a change in oil, protein, and glucosinolate Content.

  • Reduction of Sinapate Ester Content in Transgenic Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) by dsRNAi-based Suppression of BnSGT1 Gene Expression
    Molecular Breeding, 2005
    Co-Authors: Alexandra Hüsken, Alfred Baumert, Dieter Strack, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers, Carsten Milkowski
    Abstract:

    Seeds of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) accumulate high amounts of antinutritive sinapate Esters (SE) with sinapoylcholine (sinapine) as major component, accompanied by sinapoylglucose. These phenolic compounds compromise the use of the protein-rich valuable seed meal. Hence, a substantial reduction of the SE Content is considered essential for establishing rape as a protein crop. The present work focuses on the suppression of sinapine synthesis in rape. Therefore, rape (spring cultivar Drakkar) was transformed with a dsRNAi construct designed to silence seed-specifically the BnSGT1 gene encoding UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase (SGT1). This resulted in a substantial decrease of SE Content in T2 seeds with a reduction reaching 61%. In T2 seeds a high and significant correlation between the Contents of sinapoylglucose and all other sinapate Esters has been observed. Among transgenic plants, no significant difference in other important agronomic traits, such as oil, protein, fatty acid and glucosinolate Content in comparison to the control plants was observed. Maximal reduction of total SE Content by 76% was observed in seeds of one homozygous T2 plant (T3 seeds) carrying the BnSGT1 suppression cassette as a single copy insert. In conclusion, this study is an initial proof of principle that suppression of sinapoylglucose formation leads to a strong reduction of SE in rape seeds and is thus a promising approach in establishing rape, currently an important oil crop, as a protein crop as well.

Amalia Dopazo Otero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • analysis of adipate Ester Contents in poly vinyl chloride plastics by means of ft raman spectroscopy
    Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2006
    Co-Authors: Rolf W Berg, Amalia Dopazo Otero
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fourier transform (FT-) Raman spectroscopy excited with a 1064 nm laser can be used to determine the Content of plasticizers in commercial flexible poly vinyl chloride (PVC) products. Our previous study [T. Norbygaard, R.W. Berg, Analysis of phthalate Ester Content in PVC plastics by means of FT-Raman Spectroscopy, Appl. Spectrosc. 58 (4) (2004) 410–413]—on detection of the presence of phthalate Esters in PVC by FT-Raman spectroscopy—is here extended to the similar case of adipate Esters (AEs) in samples of soft poly vinyl chloride plastics. Spectra of a range of adipate Ester plasticizers (11 AEs) in pure form are reported. We studied if qualitative and quantitative determination of the adipate Ester Content would be possible based on the use of proper reference samples. It was found that AEs as a group cannot be definitively identified by their characteristic Raman bands because other aliphatic dicarboxylic Esters have very similar bands. This limits the detection as to what kind of Ester and how much is present in a sample. An essential finding was however that one can use the absence of any Raman band in the 1020–1060 cm−1 range of the adipate Esters, as a means to verify that a given soft PVC plastics sample does not contain significant amounts of phthalate Esters because these plasticizers do have strong bands at around 1060 cm−1. Furthermore it must be remembered that bands may occur at around 1040 cm−1 in a PVC sample for other reasons than phthalate Ester Content.

Guangzhao Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biodegradable poly Ester co acrylate with antifoulant pendant groups for marine anti biofouling
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guoxiong Dai, Qingyi Xie, Guangzhao Zhang
    Abstract:

    Polymer resins are critical for marine anti-biofouling coatings. In this study, degradable poly(Ester-co-acrylate) with antifoulant pendant groups has been prepared by the radical ring-opening polymerization of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane, methyl methacrylate, and N-methacryloyloxy methyl benzoisothiazolinone. Such a polymer containing main-chain Esters can hydrolytically and enzymatically degrade. Both degradation rates increase with main-chain Ester Content. Moreover, since the antifoulant groups are chemically grafted to the degradable main chain, their release can be controlled by the degradation besides the hydrolysis of side groups. Our study shows that the copolymer coating is efficient in inhibiting the accumulation of marine bacterial biofilm of Pseudomonas sp. and diatom Navicular incerta. Marine field test reveals that the copolymer has excellent efficiency in preventing biofouling for more than 6 months.

  • biodegradable poly Ester poly methyl methacrylate copolymer for marine anti biofouling
    Progress in Organic Coatings, 2018
    Co-Authors: Guoxiong Dai, Qingyi Xie, Shanshan Chen, Guangzhao Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Being biodegradable and eco-friendly, polyEsters are promising in marine anti-biofouling. However, the slow degradation and poor adhesion limit their applications. In the present work, we have prepared poly(Ester)-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer via radical ring-opening copolymerization of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The copolymer coating has good adhesion to substrate due to the incorporation of MMA moieties. The main-chain Ester bonds from MDO enable the copolymer to enzymatically and hydrolytically degrade, and the degradation rate increases with the Ester Content. The polymers can serve as a carrier and controlled release matrix for organic antifoulant 4,5-dichloro-2-octylisothiazolone (DCOIT), and the release rate increases with the Ester Content. Marine field test shows the system of the copolymer and DCOIT has excellent antifouling performance for more than 3 months.

Heiko C. Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • QTL for phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content in Brassica napus L. collocate with the two erucic acid genes
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Samija Amar, Heiko C. Becker, Wolfgang Ecke, Christian Möllers
    Abstract:

    Improving oil and protein quality for food and feed purposes is an important goal in rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) breeding programs. Rapeseed contains phytosterols, used to enrich food products, and sinapate Esters, which are limiting the utilization of rapeseed proteins in the feed industry. Increasing the phytosterol Content of oil and lowering sinapate Ester Content of meal could increase the value of the oilseed rape crop. The objective of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content in a winter rapeseed population of 148 doubled haploid lines, previously found to have a large variation for these two traits. This population also segregated for the two erucic acid genes. A close negative correlation was found between erucic acid and phytosterol Content (Spearman’s rank correlation, r _s = −0.80^**). For total phytosterol Content, three QTL were detected, explaining 60% of the genetic variance. The two QTL with the strongest additive effects were mapped on linkage groups N8 and N13 within the confidence intervals of the two erucic acid genes. For sinapate Ester Content four QTL were detected, explaining 53% of the genetic variance. Again, a close negative correlation was found between erucic acid and sinapate Ester Content ( r _s = −0.66^**) and the QTL with the strongest additive effects mapped on linkage groups N8 and N13 within the confidence intervals of the two erucic acid genes. The results suggests, that there is a pleiotropic effect of the two erucic acid genes on phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content; the effect of the alleles for low erucic acid Content is to increase phytosterol and sinapate Ester Content. Possible reasons for this are discussed based on known biosynthetic pathways.

  • genetic variation for sinapate Ester Content in winter rapeseed brassica napus l and development of nirs calibration equations
    Plant Breeding, 2007
    Co-Authors: Zum T Felde, Alfred Baumert, Dieter Strack, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers
    Abstract:

    Increasing the meal and protein quality of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for food and feed purposes is gaining importance in rapeseed breeding programmes. Rapeseed meal has a high Content of phenolic acid Esters, mainly sinapate Esters, which have been shown to cause a dark colour and a bitter taste in rapeseed meal and derived protein products. The aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic variation for individual and total sinapate Ester Content, to develop Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic (NIRS) calibrations, and to identify genotypes with a low sinapate Ester Content after testing in the field. The following sinapate Esters were analysed by HPLC: sinapoylcholine (sinapine), sinapoylglucose, and a minor group of 'other sinapate Esters' which includes free sinapate. A genotypically diverse set of seed samples of winter oilseed rape (old and new cultivars, breeding lines, resynthesized rapeseed) from different years and locations was collected, their NIRS spectra recorded and the samples were further analysed by HPLC. The complete NIRS calibration seed sample set (n = 575) showed a large variation in total sinapate Ester Content, ranging from 3.2 to 12.7 mg sinapate equivalents per g seeds. The NIRS calibration equations showed high fractions of explained variances in cross validation (R 2 cv ) ranging from 0.75 (other sinapate Esters) to 0.85 (sinapoylglucose). The standard errors of cross validation (SECV) ranged from 0.38 (other sinapate Esters) to 0.70 mg/g seed (total sinapate Esters). In validation and in independent validations the predicted results were not always acceptable, indicating that the NIRS calibrations need to be extended by analysing samples from new populations. Following replicated field experiments, a doubled haploid line obtained from the old Dutch cultivar Mansholts' Hamburger Raps, and related DH lines from the cross DH Mansholts' x Express were confirmed to have a 30-40% lower sinapate Ester Content compared to check cultivars.

  • genotype environment interactions heritability and trait correlations of sinapate Ester Content in winter rapeseed brassica napus l
    Crop Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thomas Zum Felde, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers
    Abstract:

    Improving the meal and protein quality for feed and food purposes is of increasing importance in canola (Brassica napus L.). The phenolic add Ester Content contributes to the bitter taste, astringency, and dark color of rapeseed meal products. The predominant phenolic acid Esters are sinapate Esters (SE), which make up 1 to 2% of the seed dry matter. The objective of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation and the genotype x environment interactions for SE Content and composition in three populations of doubled haploid lines. The populations were grown in three to four environments in Germany. The following SE were analyzed by HPLC: sinapoylcholine (sinapine), sinapoylglucose, and a minor group of other SE which includes sinapate. The three populations showed a highly significant variation for the total SE Content, and sinapine was the predominant sinapate Ester compound. The analysis of variance showed highly significant effects for the genotype (G), the environment (E) and the G × E interactions for all three populations. In two of the populations the G x E interaction variance components were less than half of the genetic variance, in one population it was slightly higher. The estimates for heritability of the individual and total SE were generally high and ranged from 0.57 to 0.93. A reduction of sinapate Ester Content was not associated with a change in oil, protein, and glucosinolate Content.

  • Reduction of Sinapate Ester Content in Transgenic Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) by dsRNAi-based Suppression of BnSGT1 Gene Expression
    Molecular Breeding, 2005
    Co-Authors: Alexandra Hüsken, Alfred Baumert, Dieter Strack, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers, Carsten Milkowski
    Abstract:

    Seeds of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) accumulate high amounts of antinutritive sinapate Esters (SE) with sinapoylcholine (sinapine) as major component, accompanied by sinapoylglucose. These phenolic compounds compromise the use of the protein-rich valuable seed meal. Hence, a substantial reduction of the SE Content is considered essential for establishing rape as a protein crop. The present work focuses on the suppression of sinapine synthesis in rape. Therefore, rape (spring cultivar Drakkar) was transformed with a dsRNAi construct designed to silence seed-specifically the BnSGT1 gene encoding UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase (SGT1). This resulted in a substantial decrease of SE Content in T2 seeds with a reduction reaching 61%. In T2 seeds a high and significant correlation between the Contents of sinapoylglucose and all other sinapate Esters has been observed. Among transgenic plants, no significant difference in other important agronomic traits, such as oil, protein, fatty acid and glucosinolate Content in comparison to the control plants was observed. Maximal reduction of total SE Content by 76% was observed in seeds of one homozygous T2 plant (T3 seeds) carrying the BnSGT1 suppression cassette as a single copy insert. In conclusion, this study is an initial proof of principle that suppression of sinapoylglucose formation leads to a strong reduction of SE in rape seeds and is thus a promising approach in establishing rape, currently an important oil crop, as a protein crop as well.