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Victor L Fulgoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of frequency of multi vitamin multi mineral supplement intake on nutritional adequacy and nutrient deficiencies in u s adults
Nutrients, 2017Co-Authors: Jeffrey B Blumberg, Victor L Fulgoni, Balz Frei, Connie M Weaver, Steven H ZeiselAbstract:Although >50% of U.S. adults use dietary supplements, little information is available on the impact of supplement use frequency on nutrient intakes and deficiencies. Based on nationally representative data in 10,698 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009 to 2012, assessments were made of intakes from food alone versus food plus multi-vitamin/multi-mineral supplements (MVMS) of 17 nutrients with an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), and of the status of five nutrients with recognized biomarkers of deficiency. Compared to food alone, MVMS use at any frequency was associated with a lower prevalence of inadequacy (p UL for 7 nutrients, but the latter was ≤4% for any nutrient. Except for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D, most frequent MVMS use (≥21 days/30 days) virtually eliminated inadequacies of the nutrients examined, and was associated with significantly lower odds ratios of deficiency for the examined nutrient biomarkers except for iron. In conclusion, among U.S. adults, MVMS use is associated with decreased micronutrient inadequacies, intakes slightly exceeding the UL for a few nutrients, and a lower risk of nutrient deficiencies.
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Consumption of various forms of apples is associated with a better nutrient intake and improved nutrient adequacy in diets of children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2010
Swedish Nutrition Foundation, 2015Co-Authors: Theresa A. Nicklas, Carol E. O'neil, Victor L FulgoniAbstract:Background: Consumption of fruit has been associated with a variety of health benefits, yet, 75% of children have usual intakes of total fruit below minimum recommended amounts. Apples are the second most commonly consumed fruit in the United States; however, no studies have examined the impact of apple consumption on nutrient intake and adequacy in children's diets. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between apple (various forms) consumption with nutrient intake and nutrient adequacy in a nationally representative sample of children. Design: Participants were children aged 2–18 years (n=13,339), from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2010. Least square means of total energy and nutrient intake, and the percentage of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above the adequate intake (AI) among apple consumers and non-consumers were examined. Results: Consumers of total apple products had higher (p
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multivitamin mineral supplement contribution to micronutrient intakes in the united states 2007 2010
Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Taylor C Wallace, Michael I Mcburney, Victor L FulgoniAbstract:Objective: Multivitamin/mineral (MVMM) supplements are the most common dietary supplements consumed in the United States; however, intake data specific to how MVMM use contributes to micronutrient intakes among Americans are absent from the current scientific literature. Methods: This analysis aimed to assess contributions of micronutrients to usual intakes derived from MVMM supplements and to compare those intakes to the dietary reference intakes for US residents aged ≥ 4 years according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010 (n = 16,444). We used the National Cancer Institute method to assess usual intakes of 21 micronutrients. Results: Our results showed that 51% of Americans consumed MVMM supplements containing ≥ 9 micronutrients. Large portions of the population had total usual intakes (food and MVMM supplement use) below the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamins A (35%), C (31%), D (74%), and E (67%) as well as calcium (39%) and magnesium (46%). Only 0%, 8%, ...
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is processed a four letter word the role of processed foods in achieving dietary guidelines and nutrient recommendations
Advances in Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Johanna T Dwyer, David B Schmidt, Victor L Fulgoni, Roger Clemens, Marjorie R FreedmanAbstract:This paper, based on the symposium “Is ‘Processed’ a Four-Letter Word? The Role of Processed Foods in Achieving Dietary Guidelines and Nutrient Recommendations in the U.S.” describes ongoing efforts and challenges at the nutrition–food science interface and public health; addresses misinformation about processed foods by showing that processed fruits and vegetables made important dietary contributions (e.g., fiber, folate, potassium, vitamins A and C) to nutrient intake among NHANES 2003–2006 participants, that major sources of vitamins (except vitamin K) were provided by enrichment and fortification and that enrichment and fortification helped decrease the percentage of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A, thiamin, folate, and iron; describes how negative consumer perceptions and consumer confusion about processed foods led to the development of science-based information on food processing and technology that aligns with health objectives; and examines challenges and opportunities faced by food scientists who must balance consumer preferences, federal regulations, and issues surrounding food safety, cost, unintended consequences, and sustainability when developing healthful foods that align with dietary guidelines.
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examination of vitamin intakes among us adults by dietary supplement use
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2012Co-Authors: Regan L Bailey, Victor L Fulgoni, Debra R Keast, Johanna T DwyerAbstract:Abstract Background More than half of US adults use dietary supplements. Some reports suggest that supplement users have higher vitamin intakes from foods than nonusers, but this observation has not been examined using nationally representative survey data. Objective The purpose of this analysis was to examine vitamin intakes from foods by supplement use and how dietary supplements contribute to meeting or exceeding the Dietary Reference Intakes for selected vitamins using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among adults (aged ≥19 years) in 2003-2006 (n=8,860). Results Among male users, mean intakes of folate and vitamins A, E, and K from food sources were significantly higher than among nonusers. Among women, mean intakes of folate and vitamins A, C, D, and E from foods were higher among users than nonusers. Total intakes (food and supplements) were higher for every vitamin we examined among users than the dietary vitamin intakes of nonusers. Supplement use helped lower the prevalence of intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for every vitamin we examined, but for folic acid and vitamins A, B-6, and C, supplement use increased the likelihood of intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level. Conclusions Supplement use was associated with higher mean intakes of some vitamins from foods among users than nonusers, but it was not associated with the prevalence of intakes less than the Estimated Average Requirement from foods. Those who do not use vitamin supplements had significantly higher prevalence of inadequate vitamin intakes; however, the use of supplements can contribute to excess intake for some vitamins.
Susan I. Barr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recommended Dietary Allowances should be used to set Daily Values for nutrition labeling
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Suzanne P Murphy, Susan I. BarrAbstract:Guiding principles were recently suggested for revising the Daily Values (DVs) used for nutrition labels on foods and dietary supplements. These principles incorporate the new Dietary Reference Intakes, which are nutrient standards issued between 1997 and 2005 by the Institute of Medicine. Most of the principles are likely to lead to a more accurate basis for the DVs. However, the recommendation to use the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) rather than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) should be reconsidered. Traditional public health messages to American and Canadian consumers have focused on nutrient intake levels with a high probability of being adequate. The RDA, with a 98% probability of adequacy, is designed to be the target nutrient intake for individuals; in contrast, the EAR has only a 50% probability of adequacy. Three considerations should lead to a preference for using the RDA rather than the EAR for the DVs: 1) consumers are likely to expect that a product (or a diet) with 100% of the DV has a high probability of nutrient adequacy; 2) use of the RDA for the DV will be consistent with other types of dietary guidance, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 and US food guides; and 3) use of the RDA as a standard for nutrient intake, rather than the EAR, has a potential benefit (a higher prevalence of adequate intakes) that exceeds potential risk (a higher prevalence of excessive intakes).
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introduction to dietary reference intakes
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2006Co-Authors: Susan I. BarrAbstract:Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are nutrient reference standards used for planning and assessing the diets of apparently healthy Canadians and Americans. The development of DRIs reflects a joint initiative by the United States and Canada to update, expand on, and replace the former Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Canadians and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Americans. DRIs include the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). The EAR is the Average daily intake level that meets the Requirement of 50% of healthy individuals in a life stage and gender group, whereas the RDA is set at a level that will meet the Requirements of almost all (97%-98%) individuals in that life stage and gender group. An AI is a recommended intake level that is thought to meet the needs of almost all healthy individuals, and is set when there are insufficient data to establish an EAR (and therefore an RDA). The UL represents a threshold above which adverse effects of excessive intake may increase. In addition to these DRIs, macro nutrients have an Acceptable Macro nutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) and, for energy, an Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is described.
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Planning Diets for Individuals Using the Dietary Reference Intakes
Nutrition Reviews, 2003Co-Authors: Susan I. Barr, Tanya Agurs-collins, Suzanne P Murphy, Mary I. PoosAbstract:Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are now available for energy, macronutrients, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and can be used to plan diets for individuals. This article defines the four DRIs (the Estimated Average Requirement, the Recommended Dietary Allowance, the Adequate Intake, and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level), and describes two other reference standards—the Estimated Energy Requirement and the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Planning diets for individuals involves identifying the appropriate nutrient intake goals, translating the nutrient goals into food intake (and supplement use, if warranted), assessing the plan, and revising it if required. This process is illustrated using case studies of a female vegetarian marathon runner and an older male smoker.
Vincent Dudler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of day and night urinary iodine excretion to estimate the prevalence of inadequate iodine intakes via the Estimated Average Requirement cut point method
Swiss Medical Weekly, 2019Co-Authors: Elizabeth Stalder, Max Haldimann, Vincent Dudler, Annabelle Blanc, Belen Ponte, Menno Pruijm, Daniel Ackermann, Murielle BochudAbstract:The objectives were to determine urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in day and night samples collected over a 24-hour period and evaluate the usual dietary iodine intake distribution from this collection. We propose a method by which the prevalence of inadequacy can be calculated from a single 24-hour collection, reducing the burden on participants and the study costs. The samples from 1128 participants were collected between 2009 and 2013 within the framework of the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes observational cohort study; 1024 samples were suitable for statistical evaluation of iodine analysis. Participants were over 18, resident in Switzerland and of European ancestry. Over 24 hours, urine was collected as night-time (bedtime until and including first morning urine) and day-time (the remainder) samples. Associations with variables, in particular to Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), were investigated using mixed models. The 24-hour median UICs were 73 and 96 µg/l for women (n = 542) and men (n = 482), respectively; 24-hour median intakes (derived from the corresponding excretion) were 127 and 156 µg/d, respectively. Day and night excretions were normalised to 24-hour excretion values and the usual intake distribution calculated by the US National Cancer Institute method. The Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method was used to calculate the prevalence of inadequacy, Estimated at 14% for women and 4% for men; above the target of 2-3%. We conclude that segregating 24-hour urine into day and night collections is sufficient to determine the prevalence of iodine inadequacy in the population and reduces the burden on participants by sparing a second 24-hour collection. No association between iodine intake and eGFR was found.
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prevalence of iodine inadequacy in switzerland assessed by the Estimated Average Requirement cut point method in relation to the impact of iodized salt
Public Health Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Max Haldimann, Murielle Bochud, Michel Burnier, Fred Paccaud, Vincent DudlerAbstract:OBJECTIVE To assess the iodine status of Swiss population groups and to evaluate the influence of iodized salt as a vector for iodine fortification. DESIGN The relationship between 24 h urinary iodine and Na excretions was assessed in the general population after correcting for confounders. Single-day intakes were Estimated assuming that 92 % of dietary iodine was excreted in 24 h urine. Usual intake distributions were derived for male and female population groups after adjustment for within-subject variability. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-point method was applied as guidance to assess the inadequacy of the iodine supply. SETTING Public health strategies to reduce the dietary salt intake in the general population may affect its iodine supply. SUBJECTS The study population (1481 volunteers, aged ≥15 years) was randomly selected from three different linguistic regions of Switzerland. RESULTS The 24 h urine samples from 1420 participants were determined to be properly collected. Mean iodine intakes obtained for men (n 705) and women (n 715) were 179 (sd 68.1) µg/d and 138 (sd 57.8) µg/d, respectively. Urinary Na and Ca, and BMI were significantly and positively associated with higher iodine intake, as were men and non-smokers. Fifty-four per cent of the total iodine intake originated from iodized salt. The prevalence of inadequate iodine intake as Estimated by the EAR cut-point method was 2 % for men and 14 % for women. CONCLUSIONS The Estimated prevalence of inadequate iodine intake was within the optimal target range of 2-3 % for men, but not for women.
Murielle Bochud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of day and night urinary iodine excretion to estimate the prevalence of inadequate iodine intakes via the Estimated Average Requirement cut point method
Swiss Medical Weekly, 2019Co-Authors: Elizabeth Stalder, Max Haldimann, Vincent Dudler, Annabelle Blanc, Belen Ponte, Menno Pruijm, Daniel Ackermann, Murielle BochudAbstract:The objectives were to determine urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in day and night samples collected over a 24-hour period and evaluate the usual dietary iodine intake distribution from this collection. We propose a method by which the prevalence of inadequacy can be calculated from a single 24-hour collection, reducing the burden on participants and the study costs. The samples from 1128 participants were collected between 2009 and 2013 within the framework of the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes observational cohort study; 1024 samples were suitable for statistical evaluation of iodine analysis. Participants were over 18, resident in Switzerland and of European ancestry. Over 24 hours, urine was collected as night-time (bedtime until and including first morning urine) and day-time (the remainder) samples. Associations with variables, in particular to Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), were investigated using mixed models. The 24-hour median UICs were 73 and 96 µg/l for women (n = 542) and men (n = 482), respectively; 24-hour median intakes (derived from the corresponding excretion) were 127 and 156 µg/d, respectively. Day and night excretions were normalised to 24-hour excretion values and the usual intake distribution calculated by the US National Cancer Institute method. The Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method was used to calculate the prevalence of inadequacy, Estimated at 14% for women and 4% for men; above the target of 2-3%. We conclude that segregating 24-hour urine into day and night collections is sufficient to determine the prevalence of iodine inadequacy in the population and reduces the burden on participants by sparing a second 24-hour collection. No association between iodine intake and eGFR was found.
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prevalence of iodine inadequacy in switzerland assessed by the Estimated Average Requirement cut point method in relation to the impact of iodized salt
Public Health Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Max Haldimann, Murielle Bochud, Michel Burnier, Fred Paccaud, Vincent DudlerAbstract:OBJECTIVE To assess the iodine status of Swiss population groups and to evaluate the influence of iodized salt as a vector for iodine fortification. DESIGN The relationship between 24 h urinary iodine and Na excretions was assessed in the general population after correcting for confounders. Single-day intakes were Estimated assuming that 92 % of dietary iodine was excreted in 24 h urine. Usual intake distributions were derived for male and female population groups after adjustment for within-subject variability. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-point method was applied as guidance to assess the inadequacy of the iodine supply. SETTING Public health strategies to reduce the dietary salt intake in the general population may affect its iodine supply. SUBJECTS The study population (1481 volunteers, aged ≥15 years) was randomly selected from three different linguistic regions of Switzerland. RESULTS The 24 h urine samples from 1420 participants were determined to be properly collected. Mean iodine intakes obtained for men (n 705) and women (n 715) were 179 (sd 68.1) µg/d and 138 (sd 57.8) µg/d, respectively. Urinary Na and Ca, and BMI were significantly and positively associated with higher iodine intake, as were men and non-smokers. Fifty-four per cent of the total iodine intake originated from iodized salt. The prevalence of inadequate iodine intake as Estimated by the EAR cut-point method was 2 % for men and 14 % for women. CONCLUSIONS The Estimated prevalence of inadequate iodine intake was within the optimal target range of 2-3 % for men, but not for women.
Suzanne P Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recommended Dietary Allowances should be used to set Daily Values for nutrition labeling
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Suzanne P Murphy, Susan I. BarrAbstract:Guiding principles were recently suggested for revising the Daily Values (DVs) used for nutrition labels on foods and dietary supplements. These principles incorporate the new Dietary Reference Intakes, which are nutrient standards issued between 1997 and 2005 by the Institute of Medicine. Most of the principles are likely to lead to a more accurate basis for the DVs. However, the recommendation to use the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) rather than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) should be reconsidered. Traditional public health messages to American and Canadian consumers have focused on nutrient intake levels with a high probability of being adequate. The RDA, with a 98% probability of adequacy, is designed to be the target nutrient intake for individuals; in contrast, the EAR has only a 50% probability of adequacy. Three considerations should lead to a preference for using the RDA rather than the EAR for the DVs: 1) consumers are likely to expect that a product (or a diet) with 100% of the DV has a high probability of nutrient adequacy; 2) use of the RDA for the DV will be consistent with other types of dietary guidance, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 and US food guides; and 3) use of the RDA as a standard for nutrient intake, rather than the EAR, has a potential benefit (a higher prevalence of adequate intakes) that exceeds potential risk (a higher prevalence of excessive intakes).
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Planning Diets for Individuals Using the Dietary Reference Intakes
Nutrition Reviews, 2003Co-Authors: Susan I. Barr, Tanya Agurs-collins, Suzanne P Murphy, Mary I. PoosAbstract:Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are now available for energy, macronutrients, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and can be used to plan diets for individuals. This article defines the four DRIs (the Estimated Average Requirement, the Recommended Dietary Allowance, the Adequate Intake, and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level), and describes two other reference standards—the Estimated Energy Requirement and the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Planning diets for individuals involves identifying the appropriate nutrient intake goals, translating the nutrient goals into food intake (and supplement use, if warranted), assessing the plan, and revising it if required. This process is illustrated using case studies of a female vegetarian marathon runner and an older male smoker.
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Dietary Reference Intakes: summary of applications in dietary assessment
Public health nutrition, 2002Co-Authors: Suzanne P Murphy, Mary I. PoosAbstract:Objective: To summarise the applications and appropriate use of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as guidance for nutrition and health research professionals in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals. Design: Key points from the Institute of Medicine report, Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, are summarised in this paper. The different approaches for using DRIs to evaluate the intakes of groups vs. the intakes of individuals are highlighted. Results: Each of the new DRIs is defined and its role in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals is described. Two methods of group assessment and a new method for quantitative assessment of individuals are described. Illustrations are provided on appropriate use of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) in dietary assessment. Conclusions: Dietary assessment of groups or individuals must be based on estimates of usual (long-term) intake. The EAR is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing groups and individuals. The AI is of limited value in assessing nutrient adequacy, and cannot be used to assess the prevalence of inadequacy. The UL is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing the proportion of a group at risk of adverse health effects. It is inappropriate to use the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or a group mean intake to assess the nutrient adequacy of groups.