The Experts below are selected from a list of 10776 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Donald R. Kinder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethnocentrism as a short term force in the 2008 american presidential election
American Journal of Political Science, 2012Co-Authors: Cindy D. Kam, Donald R. KinderAbstract:Faced with a choice between John McCain and Barack Obama, voters in 2008 were swayed by the familiar play of factors—party identification, policy preferences, and economic conditions—but also, we find, by Ethnocentrism, a deep-seated psychological predisposition that partitions the world into ingroups and outgroups—into “us” and “them.” The effect of Ethnocentrism was significant and substantial, and it appeared over and above the effects due to partisanship, economic conditions, policy stances, political engagement, and several varieties of conservatism. Two features of Obama were primarily responsible for triggering Ethnocentrism in 2008: his race and his imagined Muslim faith. As such, we demonstrate that Ethnocentrism was much more important in 2008 than in the four presidential elections immediately preceding 2008, and we show that it was much more important in the actual contest between Senator McCain and Senator Obama than in a hypothetical contest between Senator McCain and Senator Clinton.
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Terror and Ethnocentrism: Foundations of American Support for the War on Terrorism
The Journal of Politics, 2007Co-Authors: Cindy D. Kam, Donald R. KinderAbstract:The events of 9/11 set in motion a massive reordering of U.S. policy. We propose that the American public's response to this redirection in policy derives, in part, from Ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism—“prejudice, broadly conceived”—refers to the commonplace human tendency to partition the social world into virtuous ingroups and nefarious outgroups. Support for the war on terrorism, undertaken against a strange and shadowy enemy, should hold special appeal for Americans with an ethnocentric turn of mind. To see if this is so, we analyze the panel component of the 2000–2002 National Election Study. We find that Ethnocentrism powerfully underwrites support for the war on terrorism, across a variety of tests and specifications, and the strength of the relationship between Ethnocentrism and opinion is influenced in part by the extraordinary events of 9/11. Ethnocentrism is easily found among Americans, but its relevance and potency for politics depends, we suggest, upon circumstance.
Trina Larsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consumer Ethnocentrism offline and online the mediating role of marketing efforts and personality traits in the united states south korea and india
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2006Co-Authors: Hyokjin Kwak, Anupam Jaju, Trina LarsenAbstract:Consumer Ethnocentrism is an important concept that is used to understand international marketing phenomena. In this article, the authors conduct two empirical studies. Using consumer data from the United States, South Korea, and India (three diverse cultural and economic environments), they explore six hypotheses. In Stage 1, the results suggest that across all three countries, consumer Ethnocentrism provokes negative attitudes toward both foreign advertisements and foreign products. The authors identify a set of consumer variables (i.e., consumers’ global mind-set) that may mediate consumers’ unfavorable attitudes toward foreign advertisements and products derived by consumer Ethnocentrism. In Stage 2, the authors find that consumer Ethnocentrism dampens consumers’ online consumption activities on a foreign Web site. Finally, the authors find that marketers’ e-mail communications to foreign consumers mediate consumer Ethnocentrism in online environments.
Boris Bizumic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of the dimensions of Ethnocentrism on consumer Ethnocentrism: An examination of multiple mediators
International Marketing Review, 2019Co-Authors: Boris BizumicAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to investigate, theoretically and empirically, the role of the six dimensions of reconceptualized Ethnocentrism in consumer Ethnocentrism. The paper investigates both direct and indirect effects of the six dimensions on consumer Ethnocentrism, through four theoretically meaningful mediators: nationalism, ethnic ingroup positivity, national ingroup positivity and prejudice against foreigners.,This study has used primary data collected from 304 US citizens through online surveys, including measures of demographics, Ethnocentrism, consumer Ethnocentrism, nationalism and attitudes toward ethnic ingroups, national ingroups and foreigners. Correlational, sequential multiple regression and parallel multiple mediation analyses were conducted to investigate effects of the dimensions of Ethnocentrism on consumer Ethnocentrism.,Regression and mediation analyses, covarying age, education, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status, showed that ethnocentric purity had a direct effect on consumer Ethnocentrism, whereas ethnocentric devotion and exploitativeness had indirect effects, entirely mediated by nationalism. There were no significant effects of the other dimensions of Ethnocentrism, ethnic ingroup positivity, national ingroup positivity or prejudice against foreigners. In addition, two demographic variables (white/Anglo Americans and lower socio-economic status) had a direct effect on consumer Ethnocentrism, whereas three other variables (gender, education and age) did not.,This study is first to explore how the dimensions of Ethnocentrism relate to consumer Ethnocentrism. Although consumer Ethnocentrism has often been linked to Ethnocentrism, the relationship has never been explicitly studied. Ethnocentrism, defined as ethnic group self-centeredness and self-importance, in which the main role is to ensure ethnic group strength and survival, plays a substantial but mainly indirect role via nationalism in consumer Ethnocentrism. This study shows that both direct and indirect processes concerned with ethnic groups play a substantial role in the development of consumer Ethnocentrism. Implications of the findings for consumer Ethnocentrism and global consumer culture are discussed.
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Who Coined the Concept of Ethnocentrism? A Brief Report
Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Boris BizumicAbstract:It is widely assumed that Sumner coined the concept of Ethnocentrism in 1906. This attribution is prominent in psychology and the social sciences and is found in major works on Ethnocentrism, intergroup relations, and prejudice. A review of classic sources written in German, Polish, and English shows that the concept had existed in numerous publications for at least several decades before Sumner's writings on Ethnocentrism (e.g., Gumplowicz, 1879, 1881). This article presents early conceptualizations of Ethnocentrism and potential influences on Sumner. It also discusses implications of this conceptual history, such as biases that may have contributed to the widespread belief that Sumner coined the concept. It is argued that psychologists and other social scientists should stop attributing the origin of the concept to Sumner, despite his important role in popularizing it, and, in general, should engage more with their intellectual history in different languages.
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What Is and Is Not Ethnocentrism? A Conceptual Analysis and Political Implications
Political Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Boris Bizumic, John DuckittAbstract:Conceptual analysis has not been systematically implemented in psychology, and many concepts have often been defined in different and contradictory ways. This article focuses on a conceptual clarification of Ethnocentrism. It points out the conceptual confusion surrounding the term, reviews numerous definitions and operationalizations, and attempts to clarify it. Ethnocentrism is reconceptualized as a strong sense of ethnic group self-centeredness, which involves intergroup expressions of ethnic group preference, superiority, purity, and exploitativeness, and intragroup expressions of ethnic group cohesion and devotion. It is conceptually and empirically distinguished from other concepts, such as outgroup negativity and mere ingroup positivity. The article presents a theoretical framework and related empirical analyses supporting the usefulness of reconceptualized Ethnocentrism. It also details important and unique implications of reconceptualized Ethnocentrism for political phenomena. It is expected that reliance on the clarified reconceptualization should enable researchers to systematically study Ethnocentrism, its origins, and consequences.
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Theories of Ethnocentrism and Their Implications for Peacebuilding
Peace Psychology in the Balkans, 2012Co-Authors: Boris BizumicAbstract:It is impossible to understand the causes of ethnic conflicts, such as those in ex-Yugoslavia, without understanding the causes of Ethnocentrism. This is one of the reasons why Ethnocentrism has been studied widely by social scientists and is considered to be a fundamental concept. Nevertheless, a significant problem in the study of Ethnocentrism has been a lack of conceptual clarity. Recent work in psychology has attempted to clarify Ethnocentrism. It reconceptualized Ethnocentrism as a complex multidimensional construct that consists of intergroup expressions of preference, superiority, purity, and exploitativeness, and intragroup expressions of group cohesion and devotion. This chapter applies major theories of Ethnocentrism to the proposed reconceptualization. Theories of Ethnocentrism can be broadly categorized according to what they perceive to be the main cause of Ethnocentrism. These are threat perceptions, the need for self-aggrandizement, preference for those who are similar over those who are different, proneness to cognitive simplicity, broad social factors, such as social norms and representations, and evolutionary factors. This chapter shows how understanding Ethnocentrism and its causes may help peace psychologists further understand Ethnocentrism and ethnic conflict in ex-Yugoslavia and also help them build a long-lasting peace in the region.
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A Cross-Cultural Investigation into a Reconceptualization of Ethnocentrism
European Journal of Social Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Boris Bizumic, John Duckitt, Dragan Popadic, Vincent Dru, Stephen KraussAbstract:This investigation tests a reconceptualization of Ethnocentrism based primarily on Sumner's definitions. Ethnocentrism is reconceptualized as ethnic group self-centeredness, with four intergroup expressions of ingroup preference, superiority, purity, and exploitativeness, and two intragroup expressions of group cohesion and devotion. The reconceptualization was supported in Study 1 among 350 New Zealand participants and in Study 2 among 212 US, 208 Serbian, and 279 French participants. Ethnocentrism in each country consisted of two correlated second-order factors representing intergroup and intragroup Ethnocentrism and six first-order factors representing the six primary expressions. Analyses in Study 2 supported the measurement invariance of the scale and a third-order factor model, with one Ethnocentrism factor at the broadest level of generalization. Ethnocentrism was empirically distinct from outgroup negativity and mere ingroup positivity. Intragroup Ethnocentrism appeared primarily based on ethnic insecurity, personal self-transcendence, and ethnic identification, whereas intergroup Ethnocentrism appeared primarily based on self-aggrandizement, warlikeness, and generally chauvinistic attitudes. Accordingly, although related, the two kinds of Ethnocentrism tend to have quite differential implications for group attitudes and behaviors.
Cindy D. Kam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethnocentrism as a short term force in the 2008 american presidential election
American Journal of Political Science, 2012Co-Authors: Cindy D. Kam, Donald R. KinderAbstract:Faced with a choice between John McCain and Barack Obama, voters in 2008 were swayed by the familiar play of factors—party identification, policy preferences, and economic conditions—but also, we find, by Ethnocentrism, a deep-seated psychological predisposition that partitions the world into ingroups and outgroups—into “us” and “them.” The effect of Ethnocentrism was significant and substantial, and it appeared over and above the effects due to partisanship, economic conditions, policy stances, political engagement, and several varieties of conservatism. Two features of Obama were primarily responsible for triggering Ethnocentrism in 2008: his race and his imagined Muslim faith. As such, we demonstrate that Ethnocentrism was much more important in 2008 than in the four presidential elections immediately preceding 2008, and we show that it was much more important in the actual contest between Senator McCain and Senator Obama than in a hypothetical contest between Senator McCain and Senator Clinton.
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Terror and Ethnocentrism: Foundations of American Support for the War on Terrorism
The Journal of Politics, 2007Co-Authors: Cindy D. Kam, Donald R. KinderAbstract:The events of 9/11 set in motion a massive reordering of U.S. policy. We propose that the American public's response to this redirection in policy derives, in part, from Ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism—“prejudice, broadly conceived”—refers to the commonplace human tendency to partition the social world into virtuous ingroups and nefarious outgroups. Support for the war on terrorism, undertaken against a strange and shadowy enemy, should hold special appeal for Americans with an ethnocentric turn of mind. To see if this is so, we analyze the panel component of the 2000–2002 National Election Study. We find that Ethnocentrism powerfully underwrites support for the war on terrorism, across a variety of tests and specifications, and the strength of the relationship between Ethnocentrism and opinion is influenced in part by the extraordinary events of 9/11. Ethnocentrism is easily found among Americans, but its relevance and potency for politics depends, we suggest, upon circumstance.
Hyokjin Kwak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consumer Ethnocentrism offline and online the mediating role of marketing efforts and personality traits in the united states south korea and india
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2006Co-Authors: Hyokjin Kwak, Anupam Jaju, Trina LarsenAbstract:Consumer Ethnocentrism is an important concept that is used to understand international marketing phenomena. In this article, the authors conduct two empirical studies. Using consumer data from the United States, South Korea, and India (three diverse cultural and economic environments), they explore six hypotheses. In Stage 1, the results suggest that across all three countries, consumer Ethnocentrism provokes negative attitudes toward both foreign advertisements and foreign products. The authors identify a set of consumer variables (i.e., consumers’ global mind-set) that may mediate consumers’ unfavorable attitudes toward foreign advertisements and products derived by consumer Ethnocentrism. In Stage 2, the authors find that consumer Ethnocentrism dampens consumers’ online consumption activities on a foreign Web site. Finally, the authors find that marketers’ e-mail communications to foreign consumers mediate consumer Ethnocentrism in online environments.
