The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Martin Dresler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hippocampal–caudate nucleus interactions support Exceptional Memory performance
Brain Structure and Function, 2018Co-Authors: Nils C J Muller, Boris N Konrad, Nils Kohn, Michael Czisch, Guillén Fernández, Monica Muñoz-lópez, Martin DreslerAbstract:Participants of the annual World Memory Championships regularly demonstrate extraordinary Memory feats, such as memorising the order of 52 playing cards in 20 s or 1000 binary digits in 5 min. On a cognitive level, Memory athletes use well-known mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci. However, whether these feats are enabled solely through the use of mnemonic strategies or whether they benefit additionally from optimised neural circuits is still not fully clarified. Investigating 23 leading Memory athletes, we found volumes of their right hippocampus and caudate nucleus were stronger correlated with each other compared to matched controls; both these volumes positively correlated with their position in the Memory sports world ranking. Furthermore, we observed larger volumes of the right anterior hippocampus in athletes. Complementing these structural findings, on a functional level, fMRI resting state connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to both the posterior hippocampus and caudate nucleus predicted the athletes rank. While a competitive interaction between hippocampus and caudate nucleus is often observed in normal Memory function, our findings suggest that a hippocampal–caudate nucleus cooperation may enable Exceptional Memory performance. We speculate that this cooperation reflects an integration of the two Memory systems at issue-enabling optimal combination of stimulus-response learning and map-based learning when using mnemonic strategies as for example the method of loci.
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hippocampal caudate nucleus interactions support Exceptional Memory performance
Brain Structure & Function, 2017Co-Authors: Nils C J Muller, Boris N Konrad, Nils Kohn, Monica Munozlopez, Michael Czisch, Martin Dresler, Guillén FernándezAbstract:Participants of the annual World Memory Championships regularly demonstrate extraordinary Memory feats, such as memorising the order of 52 playing cards in 20 s or 1000 binary digits in 5 min. On a cognitive level, Memory athletes use well-known mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci. However, whether these feats are enabled solely through the use of mnemonic strategies or whether they benefit additionally from optimised neural circuits is still not fully clarified. Investigating 23 leading Memory athletes, we found volumes of their right hippocampus and caudate nucleus were stronger correlated with each other compared to matched controls; both these volumes positively correlated with their position in the Memory sports world ranking. Furthermore, we observed larger volumes of the right anterior hippocampus in athletes. Complementing these structural findings, on a functional level, fMRI resting state connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to both the posterior hippocampus and caudate nucleus predicted the athletes rank. While a competitive interaction between hippocampus and caudate nucleus is often observed in normal Memory function, our findings suggest that a hippocampal–caudate nucleus cooperation may enable Exceptional Memory performance. We speculate that this cooperation reflects an integration of the two Memory systems at issue-enabling optimal combination of stimulus-response learning and map-based learning when using mnemonic strategies as for example the method of loci.
K. Anders Ericsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of 30 Years of Disuse on Exceptional Memory Performance
Cognitive Science, 2017Co-Authors: Jong-sung Yoon, K. Anders Ericsson, Dario DonatelliAbstract:In the mid-1980s, Dario Donatelli (DD) participated in a laboratory study of the effects of around 800 h of practice on digit-span and increased his digit-span from 8 to 104 digits. This study assessed changes in the structure of his Memory skill after around 30 years of essentially no practice on the digit-span task. On the first day of testing, his estimated span was only 10 digits, but over the following 3 days of testing it increased to 19 digits. Further analyses of his recall performance and verbal reports identified which mechanisms of the original Memory skill he could retrieve or reacquire over the 3 days of practice. We discuss theoretical implications for the retention of skilled Memory performance, the effects of age-related changes in Memory on it, and for the future study of the effects of disuse on Exceptional performance and complex skill.
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Memorization and recall of very long lists accounted for within the Long-Term Working Memory framework
Cognitive psychology, 2012Co-Authors: K. Anders EricssonAbstract:Abstract In a recent paper, Hu, Ericsson, Yang, and Lu (2009) found that an ability to memorize very long lists of digits is not mediated by the same mechanisms as Exceptional Memory for rapidly presented lists, which has been the traditional focus of laboratory research. Chao Lu is the holder of the Guinness World Record for reciting the most decimal positions of pi, yet he lacks an Exceptional Memory span for digits. In the first part of this paper we analyzed the reliability and structure of his reported encodings for lists of 300 digits and his application of the story mnemonic. Next, his study and recall times for lists of digits were analyzed to test hypotheses about his detailed encoding processes, and cued-recall performance was used to assess the structure of his encodings. Three experiments were then designed to interfere with the uniqueness of Chao Lu’s story encodings, and evidence was found for his remarkable ability to adapt his encoding processes to reduce the interference. Finally, we show how his skills for encoding and recalling long lists can be accounted for within the theoretical framework of Ericsson and Kintsch’s (1995) Long-Term Working Memory.
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Superior Memory of Mnemonists and Experts in Various Domains
Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference, 2008Co-Authors: K. Anders EricssonAbstract:One of the most striking individual differences between people concerns their ability to recall information and everyday events. This entry reviews the history of research on superior Memory of mnemonists as well as experts for information in their domain of expertise. The review of Exceptional Memory shows that superior Memory is the result of practice directed at improving either Memory performance itself or improving or superior Memory and is an indirect consequence of acquired mechanisms developed to increase performance in a domain of expertise. The accumulated evidence, including brain imaging, supports the dramatic plasticity of the Memory system in response to practice.
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Uncovering the structure of a memorist's superior "basic" Memory capacity.
Cognitive psychology, 2004Co-Authors: K. Anders Ericsson, Peter F. Delaney, George E. Weaver, Rajan MahadevanAbstract:After extensive laboratory testing of the famous memorist Rajan, Thompson, Cowan, and Frieman (1993) proposed that he was innately endowed with a superior Memory capacity for digits and letters and thus violated the hypothesis that Exceptional Memory fully reflects acquired ?skilled Memory.? We successfully replicated the empirical phenomena that led them to their conclusions. From additional analyses and new experiments, we found support for an alternative hypothesis, namely that Rajan’s superior Memory for digits was mediated by learned encoding techniques that he acquired during nearly a thousand hours of practice memorizing the mathematical constant p. Our paper describes a general experimental approach for studying the structure of Exceptional Memory and how Rajan’s unique structure is consistent with the general theoretical framework of long-term working Memory (Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995).
Boris N Konrad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hippocampal–caudate nucleus interactions support Exceptional Memory performance
Brain Structure and Function, 2018Co-Authors: Nils C J Muller, Boris N Konrad, Nils Kohn, Michael Czisch, Guillén Fernández, Monica Muñoz-lópez, Martin DreslerAbstract:Participants of the annual World Memory Championships regularly demonstrate extraordinary Memory feats, such as memorising the order of 52 playing cards in 20 s or 1000 binary digits in 5 min. On a cognitive level, Memory athletes use well-known mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci. However, whether these feats are enabled solely through the use of mnemonic strategies or whether they benefit additionally from optimised neural circuits is still not fully clarified. Investigating 23 leading Memory athletes, we found volumes of their right hippocampus and caudate nucleus were stronger correlated with each other compared to matched controls; both these volumes positively correlated with their position in the Memory sports world ranking. Furthermore, we observed larger volumes of the right anterior hippocampus in athletes. Complementing these structural findings, on a functional level, fMRI resting state connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to both the posterior hippocampus and caudate nucleus predicted the athletes rank. While a competitive interaction between hippocampus and caudate nucleus is often observed in normal Memory function, our findings suggest that a hippocampal–caudate nucleus cooperation may enable Exceptional Memory performance. We speculate that this cooperation reflects an integration of the two Memory systems at issue-enabling optimal combination of stimulus-response learning and map-based learning when using mnemonic strategies as for example the method of loci.
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hippocampal caudate nucleus interactions support Exceptional Memory performance
Brain Structure & Function, 2017Co-Authors: Nils C J Muller, Boris N Konrad, Nils Kohn, Monica Munozlopez, Michael Czisch, Martin Dresler, Guillén FernándezAbstract:Participants of the annual World Memory Championships regularly demonstrate extraordinary Memory feats, such as memorising the order of 52 playing cards in 20 s or 1000 binary digits in 5 min. On a cognitive level, Memory athletes use well-known mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci. However, whether these feats are enabled solely through the use of mnemonic strategies or whether they benefit additionally from optimised neural circuits is still not fully clarified. Investigating 23 leading Memory athletes, we found volumes of their right hippocampus and caudate nucleus were stronger correlated with each other compared to matched controls; both these volumes positively correlated with their position in the Memory sports world ranking. Furthermore, we observed larger volumes of the right anterior hippocampus in athletes. Complementing these structural findings, on a functional level, fMRI resting state connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to both the posterior hippocampus and caudate nucleus predicted the athletes rank. While a competitive interaction between hippocampus and caudate nucleus is often observed in normal Memory function, our findings suggest that a hippocampal–caudate nucleus cooperation may enable Exceptional Memory performance. We speculate that this cooperation reflects an integration of the two Memory systems at issue-enabling optimal combination of stimulus-response learning and map-based learning when using mnemonic strategies as for example the method of loci.
Nils C J Muller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hippocampal–caudate nucleus interactions support Exceptional Memory performance
Brain Structure and Function, 2018Co-Authors: Nils C J Muller, Boris N Konrad, Nils Kohn, Michael Czisch, Guillén Fernández, Monica Muñoz-lópez, Martin DreslerAbstract:Participants of the annual World Memory Championships regularly demonstrate extraordinary Memory feats, such as memorising the order of 52 playing cards in 20 s or 1000 binary digits in 5 min. On a cognitive level, Memory athletes use well-known mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci. However, whether these feats are enabled solely through the use of mnemonic strategies or whether they benefit additionally from optimised neural circuits is still not fully clarified. Investigating 23 leading Memory athletes, we found volumes of their right hippocampus and caudate nucleus were stronger correlated with each other compared to matched controls; both these volumes positively correlated with their position in the Memory sports world ranking. Furthermore, we observed larger volumes of the right anterior hippocampus in athletes. Complementing these structural findings, on a functional level, fMRI resting state connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to both the posterior hippocampus and caudate nucleus predicted the athletes rank. While a competitive interaction between hippocampus and caudate nucleus is often observed in normal Memory function, our findings suggest that a hippocampal–caudate nucleus cooperation may enable Exceptional Memory performance. We speculate that this cooperation reflects an integration of the two Memory systems at issue-enabling optimal combination of stimulus-response learning and map-based learning when using mnemonic strategies as for example the method of loci.
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hippocampal caudate nucleus interactions support Exceptional Memory performance
Brain Structure & Function, 2017Co-Authors: Nils C J Muller, Boris N Konrad, Nils Kohn, Monica Munozlopez, Michael Czisch, Martin Dresler, Guillén FernándezAbstract:Participants of the annual World Memory Championships regularly demonstrate extraordinary Memory feats, such as memorising the order of 52 playing cards in 20 s or 1000 binary digits in 5 min. On a cognitive level, Memory athletes use well-known mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci. However, whether these feats are enabled solely through the use of mnemonic strategies or whether they benefit additionally from optimised neural circuits is still not fully clarified. Investigating 23 leading Memory athletes, we found volumes of their right hippocampus and caudate nucleus were stronger correlated with each other compared to matched controls; both these volumes positively correlated with their position in the Memory sports world ranking. Furthermore, we observed larger volumes of the right anterior hippocampus in athletes. Complementing these structural findings, on a functional level, fMRI resting state connectivity of the anterior hippocampus to both the posterior hippocampus and caudate nucleus predicted the athletes rank. While a competitive interaction between hippocampus and caudate nucleus is often observed in normal Memory function, our findings suggest that a hippocampal–caudate nucleus cooperation may enable Exceptional Memory performance. We speculate that this cooperation reflects an integration of the two Memory systems at issue-enabling optimal combination of stimulus-response learning and map-based learning when using mnemonic strategies as for example the method of loci.
Rajan Mahadevan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uncovering the structure of a memorist's superior "basic" Memory capacity.
Cognitive psychology, 2004Co-Authors: K. Anders Ericsson, Peter F. Delaney, George E. Weaver, Rajan MahadevanAbstract:After extensive laboratory testing of the famous memorist Rajan, Thompson, Cowan, and Frieman (1993) proposed that he was innately endowed with a superior Memory capacity for digits and letters and thus violated the hypothesis that Exceptional Memory fully reflects acquired ?skilled Memory.? We successfully replicated the empirical phenomena that led them to their conclusions. From additional analyses and new experiments, we found support for an alternative hypothesis, namely that Rajan’s superior Memory for digits was mediated by learned encoding techniques that he acquired during nearly a thousand hours of practice memorizing the mathematical constant p. Our paper describes a general experimental approach for studying the structure of Exceptional Memory and how Rajan’s unique structure is consistent with the general theoretical framework of long-term working Memory (Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995).
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radical behaviorism and Exceptional Memory phenomena
2002Co-Authors: Rajan Mahadevan, John C. Malone, Jon S BaileyAbstract:The central claim of this paper is that radical behaviorism and cognitive psychology can both make important contributions to an experimental analysis of a cognitive skill such as Memory performance. Though they currently differ in what constitutes an explanation of many phenomena, behaviorists and cognitive psychologists share interests in such human activities as problem solving and Memory. We show how the behavioral approach may apply to one case that seems to epitomize cognition—the dramatic improvement in the Memory span performance of one individual on a task often used by cognitive psychologists to assess short-term Memory. After 230 hours of practice, ability to recall random digits improved from a span of 7 digits to a span of 80. Although a detailed account of the mechanisms that mediated such improvement has been given, we show that the acquisition of such Exceptional Memory skill can also be explained within the framework of behavior analysis.
