The Experts below are selected from a list of 1779 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Myriam Locatelli-sanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Association between lung cancer somatic mutations and occupational exposure in never-smokers
European Respiratory Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Christophe Paris, Bénédicte Mastroianni, Adrien Dixmier, Patrick Dumont, Eric Pichon, Christos Chouaid, Bruno Coudert, Pascal Foucher, Séverine Fraboulet, Myriam Locatelli-sanchezAbstract:Occupational exposure constitutes a common risk factor for lung cancer. We observed molecular alterations in 73% of never-smokers, 35% of men and 8% of women were exposed to at least one occupational carcinogen. We report herein associations between molecular patterns and occupational exposure.BioCAST was a cohort study of lung cancer in never-smokers that reported risk factor exposure and molecular patterns. Occupational exposure was assessed via a validated 71-item questionnaire. Patients were categorised into groups that were unexposed and exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asbestos, silica, diesel Exhaust Fumes (DEF), chrome and paints. Test results were recorded for EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF and PIK3 mutations, and ALK alterations.Overall, 313 out of 384 patients included in BioCAST were analysed. Asbestos-exposed patients displayed a significantly lower rate of EGFR mutations (20% versus 44%, p=0.033), and a higher rate of HER2 mutations (18% versus 4%, p=0.084). ALK alterations were not associated with any occupational carcinogens. The DEF-exposed patients were diagnosed with a BRAF mutation in 25% of all cases. Chrome-exposed patients exhibited enhanced HER2 and PIK3 mutation frequency.Given its minimal effects in the subgroups, we conclude that occupational exposure slightly affects the molecular pattern of lung cancers in never-smokers. In particular, asbestos-exposed patients have a lower chance of EGFR mutations.
Kai Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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photocatalytic degradation of vehicular Exhaust by nitrogen doped titanium dioxide modified pavement material
Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment, 2021Co-Authors: Lei Zhang, Rui Shan, Fenglei Zhang, Yaseen Muhammad, Kai HuangAbstract:Abstract The increasing number of motor vehicles on roads is correspondingly augmenting obnoxious aerial Exhaust pollution. Herein, this study reports the introduction of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) as new pavement materials with enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency for vehicular Exhaust. The structure and bandgap of the prepared N-TiO2 were simulated in Cambridge sequential total energy package (CASTEP) and verified by microscopic experiments (X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, Ultraviolet (UV)–visible diffuse reflectance spectra). Meanwhile, this study evaluated its photocatalytic degradation efficiency in tests using carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) as model Exhaust Fumes with various operating parameters optimized. In the end, the suitability of photocatalytic Exhaust gas degradation fog sealing technique was compared to three pavement grades (stone mastic asphalt-13, asphalt concrete-13, and open-graded friction course-13), and the results showed that the N-TiO2 is more suitable for stone mastic asphalt pavement.
Christophe Paris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Association between lung cancer somatic mutations and occupational exposure in never-smokers
European Respiratory Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Christophe Paris, Bénédicte Mastroianni, Adrien Dixmier, Patrick Dumont, Eric Pichon, Christos Chouaid, Bruno Coudert, Pascal Foucher, Séverine Fraboulet, Myriam Locatelli-sanchezAbstract:Occupational exposure constitutes a common risk factor for lung cancer. We observed molecular alterations in 73% of never-smokers, 35% of men and 8% of women were exposed to at least one occupational carcinogen. We report herein associations between molecular patterns and occupational exposure.BioCAST was a cohort study of lung cancer in never-smokers that reported risk factor exposure and molecular patterns. Occupational exposure was assessed via a validated 71-item questionnaire. Patients were categorised into groups that were unexposed and exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asbestos, silica, diesel Exhaust Fumes (DEF), chrome and paints. Test results were recorded for EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF and PIK3 mutations, and ALK alterations.Overall, 313 out of 384 patients included in BioCAST were analysed. Asbestos-exposed patients displayed a significantly lower rate of EGFR mutations (20% versus 44%, p=0.033), and a higher rate of HER2 mutations (18% versus 4%, p=0.084). ALK alterations were not associated with any occupational carcinogens. The DEF-exposed patients were diagnosed with a BRAF mutation in 25% of all cases. Chrome-exposed patients exhibited enhanced HER2 and PIK3 mutation frequency.Given its minimal effects in the subgroups, we conclude that occupational exposure slightly affects the molecular pattern of lung cancers in never-smokers. In particular, asbestos-exposed patients have a lower chance of EGFR mutations.
Beatrice Bocca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental risk of particulate and soluble platinum group elements released from gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters
Science of The Total Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Mariella Moldovan, Sebastien Rauch, Milagros Gomez, Sergio Caroli, Greg Morrison, Cameron W. Mcleod, Alessandro Alimonti, M.a. Palacios, Francesco Petrucci, Beatrice BoccaAbstract:A comparison of platinum-group element (PGE) emission between gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters is reported within this work. Whole raw Exhaust Fumes from four catalysts of three different types were examined during their useful lifetime, from fresh to 80,000 km. Two were gasoline engine catalysts (Pt-Pd-Rh and Pd-Rh), while the other two were diesel engine catalysts (Pt). Samples were collected following the 91441 EUDC driving cycle for light-duty vehicle testing, and the sample collection device used allowed differentiation between the particulate and soluble fractions, the latter being the most relevant from an environmental point of view. Analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (quadrupole and high resolution), and special attention was paid to the control of spectral interference, especially in the case of Pd and Rh. The results obtained show that, for fresh catalysts, the release of particulate PGE through car Exhaust Fumes does not follow any particular trend, with a wide range (one-two orders of magnitude) for the content of noble metals emitted. The samples collected from 30,000-80,000 km present a more homogeneous PGE release for all catalysts studied. A decrease of approximately one order of magnitude is observed with respect to the release from fresh catalysts, except in the case of the diesel engine catalyst, for which PGE emission continued to be higher than in the case of gasoline engines. The fraction of soluble PGE was found to represent less than 10% of the total amount released from fresh catalysts. For aged catalysts, the figures are significantly higher, especially for Pd and Rh. Particulate PGE can be considered as virtually biologically inert, while soluble PGE forms can represent an environmental risk due to their bioavailability, which leads them to accumulate in the environment.
Stefanos N. Kales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carbon monoxide intoxication.
American family physician, 1993Co-Authors: Stefanos N. KalesAbstract:Carbon monoxide poisoning usually results from inhalation of Exhaust Fumes from motor vehicles, smoke from fires or Fumes from faulty heating systems. Carbon monoxide has a high affinity for hemoglobin, with which it forms carboxyhemoglobin. The resulting decrease in both oxygen-carrying capacity and oxygen release can lead to end-organ hypoxia. The clinical presentation is nonspecific. Headache, dizziness, fatigue and nausea are common in mild to moderate carbon monoxide poisoning. In more severe cases, tachycardia, tachypnea and central nervous system depression occur. When carbon monoxide intoxication is suspected, empiric treatment with 100 percent oxygen should be initiated immediately. The diagnosis is confirmed by documenting an elevated carboxyhemoglobin level. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is recommended in patients with neurologic dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction or a history of unconsciousness.