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Brian Agnew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • energy recovery from diesel engine Exhaust Gases for performance enhancement and air conditioning
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2002
    Co-Authors: Mosbah Talbi, Brian Agnew
    Abstract:

    Abstract The utilisation of Exhaust waste heat is now well known and the forms the basis of many combined cooling and power installations. The Exhaust Gases from such installations represent a significant amount of thermal energy that traditionally has been used for combined heat and power applications. This paper explores the theoretical performance of four different configurations of a turbocharger diesel engine and absorption refrigeration unit combination when operating in a high ambient day temperature of 35 °C. The simulation is performed using “SPICE”, a well known programme commonly used for engine performance predictions. The paper examines the interfacing of the turbocharged diesel engine with an absorption refrigeration unit and estimates the performance enhancement. The influence of the cycle configuration and performance parameters on the performance of the engine operating as a power supply with an auxiliary air conditioning plant is examined. It is demonstrated that a pre- and inter-cooled turbocharger engine configuration cycle offers considerable benefits in terms of SFC, efficiency and output for the diesel cycle performance.

  • Thermodynamic analysis of combined open-cycle-twin-shaft gas turbine (Brayton cycle) and Exhaust gas operated absorption refrigeration unit
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 1998
    Co-Authors: Mahmoud Mostafavi, A. Alaktiwi, Brian Agnew
    Abstract:

    The Exhaust Gases of a gas turbine carry a significant amount of thermal energy that is usually expelled to the atmosphere without taking any further part in the power generation processes. The low grade thermal energy can however be put to beneficial use. This paper explores the utilisation of the Exhaust Gases of an open-cycle-twin-shaft gas turbine. An air standard cycle is assumed for the gas turbine, first with the aid of thermodynamic laws the specific network and the efficiency of the cycle as a function of temperature ratio and pressure ratio of the cycle are calculated, and the realistic bounds placed on the cycle by the thermodynamic analysis is shown. Then the temperature of the Exhaust Gases and the heat that can be put to benefit for precooling in terms of the temperature ratio and pressure ratio of the cycle are determined. The specific network and efficiency of a precooled cycle have been calculated and compared to conventional systems. It has been concluded that the precooling has a marked effect on the specific network and efficiency at low temperature ratios. Also without increasing the maximum cycle temperature the precooled cycle can work at a higher compressor pressure ratio and at a higher temperature ratio.

Jacob A. Moulijn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • catalysts for the oxidation of soot from diesel Exhaust Gases ii contact between soot and catalyst under practical conditions
    Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 1997
    Co-Authors: John P.a. Neeft, Michiel Makkee, Olaf P Van Pruissen, Jacob A. Moulijn
    Abstract:

    Abstract In part I of this study [Appl. Catal. B 8 (1996) 57–78] it was shown that many catalysts are active for the oxidation of soot, and that the contact between soot and catalyst is an important parameter for the activity of the catalyst. In this study, the contact between soot and catalyst is studied under practical conditions. Soot from a one-cylinder diesel engine is deposited either on catalyst material which is supported by a sheet of filter paper, or on catalytic coatings on segments of wall-flow monolith. It is shown that under these practical conditions, the activity of the catalysts for oxidation of soot is low. Therefore, it is concluded that under practical conditions the contact between soot and catalyst is poor. It is shown that this contact resembles the contact denoted as ‘ loose contact ’ that had earlier been used in part I of this study. This finding has major consequences for the use of catalytic coatings for the removal of soot from diesel Exhaust Gases, because only when the contact between catalyst and soot can be increased, the use of catalytic coatings seems to be feasible.

  • Diesel particulate emission control
    Fuel Processing Technology, 1996
    Co-Authors: John P.a. Neeft, Michiel Makkee, Jacob A. Moulijn
    Abstract:

    This paper reviews the emission control of particulates from diesel Exhaust Gases. The efficiency and Exhaust emissions of diesel engines will be compared with those of otto engines (petrol engines). The formation of particulates (or "soot"), one of the main nuisances of diesel Exhaust Gases, will be briefly outlined. The effects of various emission components on human health and the environment will be described, and subsequently the emission standards for particulates and for NOx, which have been introduced worldwide, will be summarized. Possible measures for reducing Exhaust emissions of particulates and NOx will be discussed, such as the use of alternative fuels, modifications to the engine and the use of aftertreatment devices. It will be made clear that aftertreatment devices may become necessary as diesel emission standards become more stringent, in spite of important progress in the other fields of reducing Exhaust emissions. Selective catalytic reduction via hydrocarbons, ammonia or urea, a possible aftertreatment method for NOx emission control, will be discussed briefly. Filters for collecting particulates from diesel Exhaust Gases will be examined in more detail and aftertreatment control systems for particulate removal will be reviewed. These can be divided into (i) non-catalytic filter based systems which use burners and electric heaters to burn the soot once it has been collected on the filter, (ii) catalytic filter-based systems which consist of filters with a catalyst coating, or filters used in combination with catalytically active precursor compounds added to the diesel fuel; and (iii) catalytic non-filter-based systems in which gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and part of the hydrocarbon fraction of the particulates are oxidized in the Exhaust Gases. Finally, recent trends in diesel particulate emission control will be discussed, indicating the growing importance of the catalytic solutions: the fast introduction of non-filter-based catalysts for diesel engines and the possible application of filters in combination with catalytically active precursor compounds added to diesel fuel.

John P.a. Neeft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • catalysts for the oxidation of soot from diesel Exhaust Gases ii contact between soot and catalyst under practical conditions
    Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 1997
    Co-Authors: John P.a. Neeft, Michiel Makkee, Olaf P Van Pruissen, Jacob A. Moulijn
    Abstract:

    Abstract In part I of this study [Appl. Catal. B 8 (1996) 57–78] it was shown that many catalysts are active for the oxidation of soot, and that the contact between soot and catalyst is an important parameter for the activity of the catalyst. In this study, the contact between soot and catalyst is studied under practical conditions. Soot from a one-cylinder diesel engine is deposited either on catalyst material which is supported by a sheet of filter paper, or on catalytic coatings on segments of wall-flow monolith. It is shown that under these practical conditions, the activity of the catalysts for oxidation of soot is low. Therefore, it is concluded that under practical conditions the contact between soot and catalyst is poor. It is shown that this contact resembles the contact denoted as ‘ loose contact ’ that had earlier been used in part I of this study. This finding has major consequences for the use of catalytic coatings for the removal of soot from diesel Exhaust Gases, because only when the contact between catalyst and soot can be increased, the use of catalytic coatings seems to be feasible.

  • Diesel particulate emission control
    Fuel Processing Technology, 1996
    Co-Authors: John P.a. Neeft, Michiel Makkee, Jacob A. Moulijn
    Abstract:

    This paper reviews the emission control of particulates from diesel Exhaust Gases. The efficiency and Exhaust emissions of diesel engines will be compared with those of otto engines (petrol engines). The formation of particulates (or "soot"), one of the main nuisances of diesel Exhaust Gases, will be briefly outlined. The effects of various emission components on human health and the environment will be described, and subsequently the emission standards for particulates and for NOx, which have been introduced worldwide, will be summarized. Possible measures for reducing Exhaust emissions of particulates and NOx will be discussed, such as the use of alternative fuels, modifications to the engine and the use of aftertreatment devices. It will be made clear that aftertreatment devices may become necessary as diesel emission standards become more stringent, in spite of important progress in the other fields of reducing Exhaust emissions. Selective catalytic reduction via hydrocarbons, ammonia or urea, a possible aftertreatment method for NOx emission control, will be discussed briefly. Filters for collecting particulates from diesel Exhaust Gases will be examined in more detail and aftertreatment control systems for particulate removal will be reviewed. These can be divided into (i) non-catalytic filter based systems which use burners and electric heaters to burn the soot once it has been collected on the filter, (ii) catalytic filter-based systems which consist of filters with a catalyst coating, or filters used in combination with catalytically active precursor compounds added to the diesel fuel; and (iii) catalytic non-filter-based systems in which gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and part of the hydrocarbon fraction of the particulates are oxidized in the Exhaust Gases. Finally, recent trends in diesel particulate emission control will be discussed, indicating the growing importance of the catalytic solutions: the fast introduction of non-filter-based catalysts for diesel engines and the possible application of filters in combination with catalytically active precursor compounds added to diesel fuel.

H J Richter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • gas turbine cycles with solid oxide fuel cells part i improved gas turbine power plant efficiency by use of recycled Exhaust Gases and fuel cell technology
    Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme, 1994
    Co-Authors: Simon Harvey, H J Richter
    Abstract:

    The energy conversion efficiency of the combustion process can be improved if immediate contact of fuel and oxygen is prevent4ed and an oxygen carrier is used. In a previous paper (Harvey et al., 1992), a gas turbine cycle was investigated in which part of the Exhaust Gases are recycled and used as oxygen-carrying components. For the optimized process, a theoretical thermal efficiency of 66.3% was achieved, based on the lower heating value (LHV) of the methane fuel. One means to further improve the exergetic efficiency of a power cycle is to utilize fuel cell technology. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have many features that make them attractive for utility and industrial applications. In this paper, the authors will therefore consider SOFC technology. In view of their high operating temperatures and the incomplete nature of the fuel oxidation process, fuel cells must be combined with conventional power generation technology to develop power plant configurations that are both functional and efficient. In this paper, the authors will show how monolithic SOFC (MSOFC) technology may be integrated into the previously described gas turbine cycle using recycled Exhaust Gases as oxygen carriers. An optimized cycle configuration will be presented based upon a detailed cyclemore » analysis performance using Aspen Plus[trademark] process simulation software and a MSOFC fuel cell simulator developed by Argonne National Labs. The optimized cycle achieves a theoretical thermal efficiency of 77.7%, based on the LHV of the fuel.« less

Octavio Armas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • potential for Exhaust gas energy recovery in a diesel passenger car under european driving cycle
    Applied Energy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Andres Agudelo, Reyes Garciacontreras, John R Agudelo, Octavio Armas
    Abstract:

    Abstract This work addresses the potential for waste energy recovery from Exhaust Gases in a diesel passenger car mounted in a chassis dynamometer. The New European Driving Cycle was followed, while recording relevant operating variables. Tests were performed under three temperature conditions, and exergy analysis was included to find the potential of Exhaust Gases to produce useful work at six points in the Exhaust system. Results include mean temperature at each point, as well as the energy quality index, which was lower than 33%, meaning that less than one-third of the energy of Exhaust Gases can be converted into useful work in a recovery system. In general, the highest exergy losses were found in the muffler. Although the greatest recovery potential corresponds to the highest temperature of Gases, environmental regulations for vehicles restrict waste energy recovery to be performed downstream after-treatment devices, which, in the present work, was the outlet of the diesel particle filter. Temperature of Gases at this location varied in the range 115–320 °C, and potential fuel saving varied between 8% and 19% for the complete driving cycle.