The Experts below are selected from a list of 57 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leo A B Joosten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bcg vaccination protects against Experimental Viral Infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity
Cell Host & Microbe, 2018Co-Authors: Rob J W Arts, Simone J C F M Moorlag, Boris Novakovic, Yang Li, Shuangyin Wang, Marije Oosting, Vinod Kumar, Ramnik J Xavier, Cisca Wijmenga, Leo A B JoostenAbstract:Summary The tuberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has heterologous beneficial effects against non-related Infections. The basis of these effects has been poorly explored in humans. In a randomized placebo-controlled human challenge study, we found that BCG vaccination induced genome-wide epigenetic reprograming of monocytes and protected against Experimental Infection with an attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine strain. Epigenetic reprogramming was accompanied by functional changes indicative of trained immunity. Reduction of viremia was highly correlated with the upregulation of IL-1β, a heterologous cytokine associated with the induction of trained immunity, but not with the specific IFNγ response. The importance of IL-1β for the induction of trained immunity was validated through genetic, epigenetic, and immunological studies. In conclusion, BCG induces epigenetic reprogramming in human monocytes in vivo , followed by functional reprogramming and protection against non-related Viral Infections, with a key role for IL-1β as a mediator of trained immunity responses.
Leslie P. Weiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mouse hepatitis virus-induced recurrent demyelination. A preliminary report.
JAMA Neurology, 2020Co-Authors: Robert M. Herndon, Diane E. Griffin, Ursula M. Mccormick, Leslie P. WeinerAbstract:Four-week-old BALB/c mice inoculated intracerebrally with the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus developed an acute demyelinating disease followed by apparent recovery with remyelination. When surviving mice were examined 16 months later, small areas of active demyelination were still present. This is the first reported example, to our knowledge, of an Experimental Viral Infection in which acute demyelination with recovery is followed by persisting or recurring demyelination.
Rob J W Arts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non-specific effects of BCG vaccine on Viral Infections
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Simone J C F M Moorlag, Rob J W Arts, R. Van Crevel, Mihai G. NeteaAbstract:Abstract Background Some strains of Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine not only confer protection against disseminated forms of tuberculosis, but also reduce all-cause mortality by the induction of protection against Infections with non-related pathogens. Objectives We review evidence for non-specific protection induced by BCG vaccination against Viral Infections, discuss possible mechanisms of action, and summarize implications for vaccination policies and vaccine discovery. Sources Relevant studies retrieved from PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov. Content Numerous epidemiological, clinical and immunological studies demonstrate that BCG vaccination impacts the immune response to subsequent Infections, resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality. Important lines of evidence indicating that BCG protects against Viral pathogens comes from Experimental studies in mice showing that BCG offers protection against various DNA and RNA viruses, including herpes and influenza viruses. Recently, the effect of BCG on an Experimental Viral Infection in humans has been demonstrated. These effects are thought to be mediated via the induction of innate immune memory and heterologous lymphocyte activation, resulting in enhanced cytokine production, macrophage activity, T-cell responses and antibody titres. Implications The discovery of innate immune memory has greatly improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the non-specific effects induced by BCG vaccination. However, a full understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon is still evolving. By identifying the factors that impact the non-specific effects of BCG, we will take an important step towards novel therapeutic options and vaccination strategies, which might lead to a reduction in severe morbidity and mortality associated with Viral Infections.
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bcg vaccination protects against Experimental Viral Infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity
Cell Host & Microbe, 2018Co-Authors: Rob J W Arts, Simone J C F M Moorlag, Boris Novakovic, Yang Li, Shuangyin Wang, Marije Oosting, Vinod Kumar, Ramnik J Xavier, Cisca Wijmenga, Leo A B JoostenAbstract:Summary The tuberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has heterologous beneficial effects against non-related Infections. The basis of these effects has been poorly explored in humans. In a randomized placebo-controlled human challenge study, we found that BCG vaccination induced genome-wide epigenetic reprograming of monocytes and protected against Experimental Infection with an attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine strain. Epigenetic reprogramming was accompanied by functional changes indicative of trained immunity. Reduction of viremia was highly correlated with the upregulation of IL-1β, a heterologous cytokine associated with the induction of trained immunity, but not with the specific IFNγ response. The importance of IL-1β for the induction of trained immunity was validated through genetic, epigenetic, and immunological studies. In conclusion, BCG induces epigenetic reprogramming in human monocytes in vivo , followed by functional reprogramming and protection against non-related Viral Infections, with a key role for IL-1β as a mediator of trained immunity responses.
Simone J C F M Moorlag - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non-specific effects of BCG vaccine on Viral Infections
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Simone J C F M Moorlag, Rob J W Arts, R. Van Crevel, Mihai G. NeteaAbstract:Abstract Background Some strains of Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine not only confer protection against disseminated forms of tuberculosis, but also reduce all-cause mortality by the induction of protection against Infections with non-related pathogens. Objectives We review evidence for non-specific protection induced by BCG vaccination against Viral Infections, discuss possible mechanisms of action, and summarize implications for vaccination policies and vaccine discovery. Sources Relevant studies retrieved from PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov. Content Numerous epidemiological, clinical and immunological studies demonstrate that BCG vaccination impacts the immune response to subsequent Infections, resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality. Important lines of evidence indicating that BCG protects against Viral pathogens comes from Experimental studies in mice showing that BCG offers protection against various DNA and RNA viruses, including herpes and influenza viruses. Recently, the effect of BCG on an Experimental Viral Infection in humans has been demonstrated. These effects are thought to be mediated via the induction of innate immune memory and heterologous lymphocyte activation, resulting in enhanced cytokine production, macrophage activity, T-cell responses and antibody titres. Implications The discovery of innate immune memory has greatly improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the non-specific effects induced by BCG vaccination. However, a full understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon is still evolving. By identifying the factors that impact the non-specific effects of BCG, we will take an important step towards novel therapeutic options and vaccination strategies, which might lead to a reduction in severe morbidity and mortality associated with Viral Infections.
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bcg vaccination protects against Experimental Viral Infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity
Cell Host & Microbe, 2018Co-Authors: Rob J W Arts, Simone J C F M Moorlag, Boris Novakovic, Yang Li, Shuangyin Wang, Marije Oosting, Vinod Kumar, Ramnik J Xavier, Cisca Wijmenga, Leo A B JoostenAbstract:Summary The tuberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has heterologous beneficial effects against non-related Infections. The basis of these effects has been poorly explored in humans. In a randomized placebo-controlled human challenge study, we found that BCG vaccination induced genome-wide epigenetic reprograming of monocytes and protected against Experimental Infection with an attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine strain. Epigenetic reprogramming was accompanied by functional changes indicative of trained immunity. Reduction of viremia was highly correlated with the upregulation of IL-1β, a heterologous cytokine associated with the induction of trained immunity, but not with the specific IFNγ response. The importance of IL-1β for the induction of trained immunity was validated through genetic, epigenetic, and immunological studies. In conclusion, BCG induces epigenetic reprogramming in human monocytes in vivo , followed by functional reprogramming and protection against non-related Viral Infections, with a key role for IL-1β as a mediator of trained immunity responses.
Eric S. Rosenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CD4^+ T helper cells and the role they play in Viral control
Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2002Co-Authors: Philip J. Norris, Eric S. RosenbergAbstract:The natural history of untreated HIV-1 Infection is characterized by progressive erosion of the immune system with eventual loss of Viral control. T helper cell responses to HIV-1 are typically weak or absent in chronically HIV-1 infected individuals. CD4^+ T helper cell responses have been shown to be important in a number of Experimental Viral Infection systems, and here we explore the ways in which T helper cells might aid in the control of viruses in general and HIV-1 in particular. We first review the relationship between T helper cells and other arms of the immune system. We then focus on the role T helper cells play in Viral control in murine and nonhuman primate models, and finally review what is known of CD4^+ T helper cell function in HIV-1 Infection.
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CD4 + T helper cells and the role they play in Viral control
Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2002Co-Authors: Philip J. Norris, Eric S. RosenbergAbstract:The natural history of untreated HIV-1 Infection is characterized by progressive erosion of the immune system with eventual loss of Viral control. T helper cell responses to HIV-1 are typically weak or absent in chronically HIV-1 infected individuals. CD4+ T helper cell responses have been shown to be important in a number of Experimental Viral Infection systems, and here we explore the ways in which T helper cells might aid in the control of viruses in general and HIV-1 in particular. We first review the relationship between T helper cells and other arms of the immune system. We then focus on the role T helper cells play in Viral control in murine and nonhuman primate models, and finally review what is known of CD4+ T helper cell function in HIV-1 Infection.
