The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steven J Clough - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soybean defense responses to the soybean aphid
New Phytologist, 2008Co-Authors: Yan Li, Min Li, Damla D Bilgin, Lila O Vodkin, Glen L Hartman, Steven J CloughAbstract:Summary • Transcript profiles in aphid (Aphis glycines)-resistant (cv. Dowling) and -susceptible (cv. Williams 82) soybean (Glycine max) cultivars using soybean cDNA microarrays were investigated. • Large-scale soybean cDNA microarrays representing approx. 18 000 genes or c. 30% of the soybean genome were compared at 6 and 12 h post-application of aphids. In a separate experiment utilizing clip cages, expression of three defense-related genes were examined at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in both cultivars by quantitative real-Time PCR. • One hundred and forty genes showed specific responses for resistance; these included genes related to cell wall, defense, DNA/RNA, secondary metabolism, signaling and other processes. When an Extended Time Period of sampling was investigated, earlier and greater induction of three defense-related genes was observed in the resistant cultivar; however, the induction declined after 24 or 48 h in the resistant cultivar but continued to increase in the susceptible cultivar after 24 h. • Aphid-challenged resistant plants showed rapid differential gene expression patterns similar to the incompatible response induced by avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. Five genes were identified as differentially expressed between the two genotypes in the absence of aphids.
J. C. Marques - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis and assessment of madeira wine ageing over an Extended Time Period through gc ms and chemometric analysis
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010Co-Authors: Ana C. Pereira, Pedro M. Saraiva, Marco S. Reis, J. C. MarquesAbstract:Wine is one of the world's higher value agricultural products. The present work is centred on Madeira wine, a fine and prestigious example among Portuguese liqueur wines,with the main goal to deepen our understanding of relevant phenomena going on during the winemaking process, in particular during ageing of “Malmsey” Madeira wine. In this paper we present the results obtained from the chemical characterization of how its aroma composition evolves during ageing, and the development of a robust framework for analyzing the identity of aged Madeira wines. An Extended ageing Period was considered, covering a Time frame of twenty years, from which several samples were analyzed in terms of their aromatic composition. The multivariate structure of this chemical information was then processed through multivariate statistical feature extraction techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), in order to identify the relevant patterns corresponding to trends associated with wine ageing. Classification methodologies for age prediction were developed, using data from the lower dimensional sub-spaces obtained after projecting the original data to the latent variable spaces provided by PCA or PLS-DA. Finally, the performance for each classification methodology developed was evaluated according to their error rates using cross-validation methodologies (Leave-One-Out and k-fold Monte Carlo). Results obtained so far show that quite interesting classification performances can indeed be achieved, despite the natural variability present in wine products. These results also provide solid bases which can be used to build up available frameworks which assist quality monitoring and identity assurance tasks.
Glen L Hartman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soybean defense responses to the soybean aphid
New Phytologist, 2008Co-Authors: Yan Li, Min Li, Damla D Bilgin, Lila O Vodkin, Glen L Hartman, Steven J CloughAbstract:Summary • Transcript profiles in aphid (Aphis glycines)-resistant (cv. Dowling) and -susceptible (cv. Williams 82) soybean (Glycine max) cultivars using soybean cDNA microarrays were investigated. • Large-scale soybean cDNA microarrays representing approx. 18 000 genes or c. 30% of the soybean genome were compared at 6 and 12 h post-application of aphids. In a separate experiment utilizing clip cages, expression of three defense-related genes were examined at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in both cultivars by quantitative real-Time PCR. • One hundred and forty genes showed specific responses for resistance; these included genes related to cell wall, defense, DNA/RNA, secondary metabolism, signaling and other processes. When an Extended Time Period of sampling was investigated, earlier and greater induction of three defense-related genes was observed in the resistant cultivar; however, the induction declined after 24 or 48 h in the resistant cultivar but continued to increase in the susceptible cultivar after 24 h. • Aphid-challenged resistant plants showed rapid differential gene expression patterns similar to the incompatible response induced by avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. Five genes were identified as differentially expressed between the two genotypes in the absence of aphids.
Sandip Basu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of 18 f fdg uptake pattern in brown adipose tissue over Extended Time Period as assessed by multiple Time point 18 f fdg pet
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2013Co-Authors: Trupti Upadhye, Arun Gandhi, Sandip BasuAbstract:To study the 18F-FDG uptake pattern in brown adipose tissue (BAT) over an Extended Time Period, by multiple-Time-point fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. The primary objective for this kind of research was that it could form a basis and may have further implications for obesity research, metabolic diseases and for cachexia of both malignant and benign origin. A total of 12 patients who had undergone routine FDG-PET for disease evaluation and had demonstrated prominent BAT uptake in their baseline scans were selected. The patients with the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors were excluded. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were calculated in the BAT of the supraclavicular and paravertebral areas of either side, and were analyzed separately to examine their behavior individually. Time activity curves (TACs) were generated for [A] BAT SUVmax values and [B] SUVmax ratio of BAT/lung (B/L SUVmax ratio) at various Time points. Ten out of the 12 patients were imaged at four Time points, and two patients were imaged for two Time points. Amongst a total of n = 30 sites, 23 were imaged at four Time points and seven were imaged at two Time points. Seventeen out of 30 area sites (56.67 %) demonstrated a peak value at 60 min and a falling trend of SUVmax afterwards; the remaining showed a peak uptake value between 85 and 300 min after the first scan (i.e. 145–360 min after injection), and falling values thereafter. With regard to the B/L SUVmax ratio, ten out of 30 sites (33.33 %) demonstrated peak uptake at 60 min, and the remaining showed a rise, with peak uptake at Times between 85 and 300 min after the first scan (i.e. 145–360 min after injection) and falling values thereafter. No additional area of BAT uptake was observed over the Extended Time Period in this study. Wide variability was observed in the BAT FDG uptake over an Extended Period of Time. Nearly half of the sites demonstrated an increase in FDG uptake until 360 min (i.e. 6 h) after injection, while the remaining half showed peak uptake at 1 h and subsequent fall of uptake. In the future, it will be worthwhile to study whether there exists any difference in Time course of FDG uptake in brown fat between patients with cancer and those scanned for benign etiologies, or between obese and non-obese individuals.
Robert J Oneil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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orius insidiosus say as a predator of the soybean aphid aphis glycines matsumura
Biological Control, 2005Co-Authors: Claire E Rutledge, Robert J OneilAbstract:Abstract The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, a pest of soybeans in Asia, invaded North America recently. The indigenous generalist predator Orius insidiosus (Say) is common in Midwestern US soybean fields throughout the soybean-growing season. From its phenology and abundance, we hypothesize that this predator could act to suppress soybean aphid population growth by attacking aphids during the critical Period when aphids are first colonizing soybean fields. Therefore we conducted a series of laboratory assays of O. insidiosus to evaluate the conditions under which it may effectively suppress aphid population growth. We conducted a standard functional response experiment and found that O. insidiosus had a maximum attack rate of 19.25 (±0.06 SE) aphids in 24 h. We examined the ability of O. insidiosus to suppress aphid population growth over a four-day Period in microcosms with different numbers of aphids, plant sizes, and plant numbers. We found that predators were able to effectively suppress aphid population growth, but that their efficacy depended upon the number of prey present and characteristics of the plant on which prey were found. Further, we showed that O. insidiosus was able to suppress aphid population growth below starting densities for an Extended Time Period (12 days). These results suggest that under certain conditions, O. insidiosus can effectively suppress aphid population growth and that they may be key factors influencing aphid population dynamics in soybeans.
