The Experts below are selected from a list of 153 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark G.l. Sayers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prominent exostosis projecting from the Occipital squama more substantial and prevalent in young adult than older age groups
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: David Shahar, Mark G.l. SayersAbstract:Recently we reported the development of prominent exostosis young adults’ skulls (41%; 10–31 mm) emanating from the External Occipital Protuberance (EOP). These findings contrast existing reports that large enthesophytes are not seen in young adults. Here we show that a combination sex, the degree of forward head protraction (FHP) and age predicted the presence of enlarged EOP (EEOP) (n = 1200, age 18–86). While being a male and increased FHP had a positive effect on prominent exostosis, paradoxically, increase in age was linked to a decrease in enthesophyte size. Our latter findings provide a conundrum, as the frequency and severity of degenerative skeletal features in humans are associated typically with aging. Our findings and the literature provide evidence that mechanical load plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of the enthesis (insertion) and we suggest possible associations between aberrant loading of the EOP enthesis, sustained poor posture and EEOP formation. Accordingly, the higher numbers of individuals with EEOP in the 18-30 age group out of all cases examined raises concern about the future musculoskeletal health of this population and suggests a potential avenue for prevention intervention through posture improvement education.
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a morphological adaptation the prevalence of enlarged External Occipital Protuberance in young adults
Journal of Anatomy, 2016Co-Authors: David Shahar, Mark G.l. SayersAbstract:Enthesophytes are bony projections that arise from the sites of ligament, tendon or joint capsule attachment to a bone. They are seen rarely in radiographic findings in young adults, as these bony adaptations are assumed to develop slowly over time. However, in recent years, the presence of an enlarged External Occipital Protuberance (EEOP) has been observed frequently in radiographs of relatively young patients at the clinic of the lead author. Accordingly, the aim of this project was to assess the prevalence of an EEOP in a young adult population. Analysis involved a retrospective analysis of 218 lateral cervical radiographic studies of 18–30-year-old participants. Group A (n = 108; males = 45, females = 63) consisted of asymptomatic university students, while Group B (n = 110; males = 50, females = 60) were an age-matched mildly symptomatic, non-student population. The External Occipital Protuberance (EOP) size was defined as the distance from the most superior point of the EOP (origin) to a point on the EOP that is most distal from the skull. To avoid ambiguity, the threshold for recording the size of an EOP was set at 5 mm, and an EOP was classified as enlarged if it exceeded 10 mm. Reliability testing was also undertaken. Results indicated that an EEOP was present in 41% of the total population, with 10% of all participants presenting with an EOP ≥ 20 mm. An EEOP was significantly more common in males (67.4%) than in females (20.3%), with the mean EEOP size for the combined male population (15 ± 7 mm) being significantly larger (P < 0.001) than for females (10 ± 4 mm). The longest EEOP in the male population was 35.7 mm, while in the female population it was 25.5 mm. Additionally, the mean EEOP size for Group A (14 ± 7 mm) was also significantly greater (P = 0.006) than that recorded for Group B (12 ± 6 mm). This study identified that an EEOP is a condition that is prevalent in the populations tested. The age of the populations, and the prevalence of EEOP, suggest that biomechanical drivers for this phenomenon may be the main reason for this condition in these populations.
David Shahar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prominent exostosis projecting from the Occipital squama more substantial and prevalent in young adult than older age groups
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: David Shahar, Mark G.l. SayersAbstract:Recently we reported the development of prominent exostosis young adults’ skulls (41%; 10–31 mm) emanating from the External Occipital Protuberance (EOP). These findings contrast existing reports that large enthesophytes are not seen in young adults. Here we show that a combination sex, the degree of forward head protraction (FHP) and age predicted the presence of enlarged EOP (EEOP) (n = 1200, age 18–86). While being a male and increased FHP had a positive effect on prominent exostosis, paradoxically, increase in age was linked to a decrease in enthesophyte size. Our latter findings provide a conundrum, as the frequency and severity of degenerative skeletal features in humans are associated typically with aging. Our findings and the literature provide evidence that mechanical load plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of the enthesis (insertion) and we suggest possible associations between aberrant loading of the EOP enthesis, sustained poor posture and EEOP formation. Accordingly, the higher numbers of individuals with EEOP in the 18-30 age group out of all cases examined raises concern about the future musculoskeletal health of this population and suggests a potential avenue for prevention intervention through posture improvement education.
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a morphological adaptation the prevalence of enlarged External Occipital Protuberance in young adults
Journal of Anatomy, 2016Co-Authors: David Shahar, Mark G.l. SayersAbstract:Enthesophytes are bony projections that arise from the sites of ligament, tendon or joint capsule attachment to a bone. They are seen rarely in radiographic findings in young adults, as these bony adaptations are assumed to develop slowly over time. However, in recent years, the presence of an enlarged External Occipital Protuberance (EEOP) has been observed frequently in radiographs of relatively young patients at the clinic of the lead author. Accordingly, the aim of this project was to assess the prevalence of an EEOP in a young adult population. Analysis involved a retrospective analysis of 218 lateral cervical radiographic studies of 18–30-year-old participants. Group A (n = 108; males = 45, females = 63) consisted of asymptomatic university students, while Group B (n = 110; males = 50, females = 60) were an age-matched mildly symptomatic, non-student population. The External Occipital Protuberance (EOP) size was defined as the distance from the most superior point of the EOP (origin) to a point on the EOP that is most distal from the skull. To avoid ambiguity, the threshold for recording the size of an EOP was set at 5 mm, and an EOP was classified as enlarged if it exceeded 10 mm. Reliability testing was also undertaken. Results indicated that an EEOP was present in 41% of the total population, with 10% of all participants presenting with an EOP ≥ 20 mm. An EEOP was significantly more common in males (67.4%) than in females (20.3%), with the mean EEOP size for the combined male population (15 ± 7 mm) being significantly larger (P < 0.001) than for females (10 ± 4 mm). The longest EEOP in the male population was 35.7 mm, while in the female population it was 25.5 mm. Additionally, the mean EEOP size for Group A (14 ± 7 mm) was also significantly greater (P = 0.006) than that recorded for Group B (12 ± 6 mm). This study identified that an EEOP is a condition that is prevalent in the populations tested. The age of the populations, and the prevalence of EEOP, suggest that biomechanical drivers for this phenomenon may be the main reason for this condition in these populations.
Qiuyan Kong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a computed tomographic morphometric study of the pediatric Occipital bone thickness implications for pediatric occipitocervical fusion
Spine, 2015Co-Authors: Yongli Wang, Xiangyang Wang, Zhonghai Shen, Kailiang Zhou, Feng Zhou, Haiming Jin, Jiaoxiang Chen, Qiuyan KongAbstract:STUDY DESIGN This study is a computed tomographic-based morphometric analysis of the pediatric Occipital bones as related to pediatric occipitocervical fusion. OBJECTIVE To quantify reference data concerning the thicknesses of the immature Occipital bones to guide the pediatric occipitocervical fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA To the best of our knowledge, no published study has provided insight into the thicknesses of pediatric occiputs with different age groups. METHODS 80 pediatric patients were divided into 4 age groups, and their occiputs were studied on Philips Brilliance 256 iCT scan. RESULTS The mean thickness ± standard deviations of the pediatric Occipital bones with different age groups is shown. The median and the paramedian regions are always thicker than the more lateral regions at each age group and the thickest point in the occiputs is mostly at the External Occipital Protuberance. The mean thickness of occiputs showed an obvious significant difference between each 2 age groups and no significant difference between male and female in different age groups except the group 4. CONCLUSION Our investigation provides insight into the anatomy of occiputs in pediatric population and preoperative CT evaluation must be required to further decrease the risk of occipitocervical fusion.
Rajani Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bony tubercle at External Occipital Protuberance and prominent ridges
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Rajani SinghAbstract:AbstractDuring the examination of skulls in the osteology laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India, a skull was detected having exostosis projecting from the External Occipital Protuberance along with prominent superior nuchal lines appearing as ridges. Mea
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bony tubercle at External Occipital Protuberance and prominent ridges
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Rajani SinghAbstract:During the examination of skulls in the osteology laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India, a skull was detected having exostosis projecting from the External Occipital Protuberance along with prominent superior nuchal lines appearing as ridges. Measurements of the tubercle were taken by vernier calipers, and possible causes and clinical implications were analyzed.The length of this tubercle was 8 mm; width was 6 mm and thickness 1.5 mm. The superior nuchal lines appeared as prominent ridges. The height of the ridges was 5 mm on both sides; the thickness was 10 mm and 8 mm, respectively, on both the right and left sides. The length of the ridges was 4.8 cm on the right side and 4.4 cm on the left side.The tubercle may cause Occipital headache in general but especially in tree climbers and basketball/volleyball players during vertical biomechanical movements of the neck. The knowledge of this tubercle is of paramount importance to anatomists, neurosurgeons, sports physicians, radiologists, forensic experts, and anthropologists.
Urquizo Alarcón, Gabriel Mariano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Triángulos de cuello
'Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega', 2017Co-Authors: Urquizo Alarcón, Gabriel MarianoAbstract:El cuello es la región anatómica en forma de cilindro que une la cabeza con el tronco, este posee límites superiores e inferiores en un plano superficial y otro profundo, los limites superiores superficiales van a estar a cargo del borde inferior de la mandíbula, rama ascendente de la mandíbula, apófisis mastoides y la protuberancia Occipital externa, en el límite inferior superficial está dado por el manubrio del esternón, borde superior de ambas clavículas, articulación omoclavicular y el apófisis prominente de C7. En el plano profundo superior está dado por la base del cráneo y las apófisis estiloides y pterigoides; los límites inferiores profundos están constituidos por la primera costilla y una línea perpendicular que pasa entre los discos intervertebrales de C7 y D1. En esta región anatómica se encuentran estructuras especializadas, vasos sanguíneos muy importantes, músculos y vertebras. El cuello posee tres regiones: anterior, lateral y posterior; con fines descriptivos y quirúrgicos el cuello es dividido por el músculo esternocleidomastoideo en dos grandes triángulos que van a ser: Triángulo anterior y triángulo posterior. El triángulo anterior se caracteriza por ser el más grande de los dos triángulos y se ubica en la región anterior del cuello, este triángulo se subdivide en los triángulos: Submandibular, Submentoniano, Muscular y Carotideo; los músculos que conforman estos triángulos son los suprahioideos e infrahioideos, el sistema vasculonervioso del triángulo anterior está a cargo del sistema carotideo, vena yugular interna y plexo cervical. El triángulo posterior se ubica en la región lateral del cuello, está dividido por el vientre inferior del omohioideo en dos triángulos, los cuales son: triángulo omoclavicular y Occipital. El triángulo posterior está conformado por músculos denominados “músculos en bandolera”, catalogados así por su forma, estos músculos son el Esternocleidomastoideo, Trapecio, Esplenio de la cabeza, Elevador de la escapula, Escaleno posterior, medio, anterior y el Omohioideo, el sistema vasculonervioso del triángulo posterior está a cargo de las arterias cervical y subclavia, la vena yugular externa y ramas del plexo cervical y braquial.The neck is the anatomical region in the form of a cylinder that joins the head with the trunk, it has upper and lower limits in a superficial plane and a deep one, the upper superficial limits are going to be in charge of the inferior border of the mandible, ascending branch of the mandible, mastoid process and External Occipital Protuberance, in the lower superficial limit is given by the manubrium of the sternum, upper border of both clavicles, omoclavicular articulation and the prominent process of C7. In the deep upper plane it is given by the base of the skull and the styloid and pterygoid processes; the deep lower limits are constituted by the first rib and a perpendicular line passing between the intervertebral discs of C7 and D1. In this anatomical region are specialized structures, very important blood vessels, muscles and vertebrae. The neck has three regions: anterior, lateral and posterior; for descriptive and surgical purposes the neck is divided by the sternocleidomastoid muscle into two large triangles that are going to be: anterior triangle and posterior triangle. The anterior triangle is characterized by being the largest of the two triangles and located in the anterior region of the neck, this triangle is subdivided into triangles: Submandibular, Submental, Muscular and Carotid; the muscles that make up these triangles are the suprahyoids and infrahyoids, the vasculonervious system of the anterior triangle is in charge of the carotid system, internal jugular vein and cervical plexus. The posterior triangle is located in the lateral region of the neck, divided by the inferior belly of the omohyoid in two triangles, which are: omoclavicular and Occipital triangle. The posterior triangle is formed by muscles called "muscles in shoulder", cataloged by their shape, these muscles are the sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius, Esplenius of the head, Scapula lift, posterior Scalene, middle, anterior and Omohyoid, the vasculonervious system of the posterior triangle is in charge of the cervical and subclavian arteries, the External jugular vein and branches of the cervical and brachial plexus
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Triángulos de cuello
'Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega', 2017Co-Authors: Urquizo Alarcón, Gabriel MarianoAbstract:Trabajo de Suficiencia ProfesionalThe neck is the anatomical region in the form of a cylinder that joins the head with the trunk, it has upper and lower limits in a superficial plane and a deep one, the upper superficial limits are going to be in charge of the inferior border of the mandible, ascending branch of the mandible, mastoid process and External Occipital Protuberance, in the lower superficial limit is given by the manubrium of the sternum, upper border of both clavicles, omoclavicular articulation and the prominent process of C7. In the deep upper plane it is given by the base of the skull and the styloid and pterygoid processes; the deep lower limits are constituted by the first rib and a perpendicular line passing between the intervertebral discs of C7 and D1. In this anatomical region are specialized structures, very important blood vessels, muscles and vertebrae. The neck has three regions: anterior, lateral and posterior; for descriptive and surgical purposes the neck is divided by the sternocleidomastoid muscle into two large triangles that are going to be: anterior triangle and posterior triangle. The anterior triangle is characterized by being the largest of the two triangles and located in the anterior region of the neck, this triangle is subdivided into triangles: Submandibular, Submental, Muscular and Carotid; the muscles that make up these triangles are the suprahyoids and infrahyoids, the vasculonervious system of the anterior triangle is in charge of the carotid system, internal jugular vein and cervical plexus. The posterior triangle is located in the lateral region of the neck, divided by the inferior belly of the omohyoid in two triangles, which are: omoclavicular and Occipital triangle. The posterior triangle is formed by muscles called "muscles in shoulder", cataloged by their shape, these muscles are the sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius, Esplenius of the head, Scapula lift, posterior Scalene, middle, anterior and Omohyoid, the vasculonervious system of the posterior triangle is in charge of the cervical and subclavian arteries, the External jugular vein and branches of the cervical and brachial plexus.El cuello es la región anatómica en forma de cilindro que une la cabeza con el tronco, este posee límites superiores e inferiores en un plano superficial y otro profundo, los limites superiores superficiales van a estar a cargo del borde inferior de la mandíbula, rama ascendente de la mandíbula, apófisis mastoides y la protuberancia Occipital externa, en el límite inferior superficial está dado por el manubrio del esternón, borde superior de ambas clavículas, articulación omoclavicular y el apófisis prominente de C7. En el plano profundo superior está dado por la base del cráneo y las apófisis estiloides y pterigoides; los límites inferiores profundos están constituidos por la primera costilla y una línea perpendicular que pasa entre los discos intervertebrales de C7 y D1. En esta región anatómica se encuentran estructuras especializadas, vasos sanguíneos muy importantes, músculos y vertebras. El cuello posee tres regiones: anterior, lateral y posterior; con fines descriptivos y quirúrgicos el cuello es dividido por el músculo esternocleidomastoideo en dos grandes triángulos que van a ser: Triángulo anterior y triángulo posterior. El triángulo anterior se caracteriza por ser el más grande de los dos triángulos y se ubica en la región anterior del cuello, este triángulo se subdivide en los triángulos: Submandibular, Submentoniano, Muscular y Carotideo; los músculos que conforman estos triángulos son los suprahioideos e infrahioideos, el sistema vasculonervioso del triángulo anterior está a cargo del sistema carotideo, vena yugular interna y plexo cervical. El triángulo posterior se ubica en la región lateral del cuello, está dividido por el vientre inferior del omohioideo en dos triángulos, los cuales son: triángulo omoclavicular y Occipital. El triángulo posterior está conformado por músculos denominados “músculos en bandolera”, catalogados así por su forma, estos músculos son el Esternocleidomastoideo, Trapecio, Esplenio de la cabeza, Elevador de la escapula, Escaleno posterior, medio, anterior y el Omohioideo, el sistema vasculonervioso del triángulo posterior está a cargo de las arterias cervical y subclavia, la vena yugular externa y ramas del plexo cervical y braquial
