The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Katherine M. Keyes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trauma exposure and Externalizing Disorders in adolescents results from the national comorbidity survey adolescent supplement
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Hannah Carliner, Dahsan Gary, Katie A Mclaughlin, Katherine M. KeyesAbstract:Objective Exposure to violence and other forms of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) are common among youths with Externalizing psychopathology. These associations likely reflect both heightened risk for the onset of Externalizing problems in youth exposed to PTEs and elevated risk for experiencing PTEs among youth with Externalizing Disorders. In this study, we disaggregate the associations between exposure to PTEs and Externalizing Disorder onset in a population-representative sample of adolescents. Method We analyzed data from 13- to 18-year-old participants in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) (N = 6,379). Weighted survival models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for onset of oppositional defiant Disorder (ODD), conduct Disorder (CD), and substance use Disorders (SUDs) associated with PTEs, and for exposure to PTEs associated with prior-onset Externalizing Disorders. Multiplicative interaction terms tested for effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, and household income. Results All types of PTEs were associated with higher risk for SUD (HRs = 1.29−2.21), whereas only interpersonal violence (HR = 2.49) was associated with onset of CD and only among females. No associations were observed for ODD. Conversely, ODD and CD were associated with elevated risk for later exposure to interpersonal violence and other/nondisclosed events (HRs = 1.45−1.75). Conclusion Externalizing Disorders that typically begin in adolescence, including SUDs and CD, are more likely to emerge in adolescents with prior trauma. ODD onset, in contrast, is unrelated to trauma exposure but is associated with elevated risk of experiencing trauma later in development. CD and interpersonal violence exposure exhibit reciprocal associations. These findings have implications for interventions targeting Externalizing and trauma-related psychopathology.
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Mental health disparities between Roma and non-Roma children in Romania and Bulgaria.
BMC psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Eric J Lee, Katherine M. Keyes, Adina Bitfoi, Zlatka Mihova, Ondine Pez, Elisha Yoon, Viviane Kovess MasfetyAbstract:The Roma population, one of the largest minority groups in Europe, experience discrimination and stigma associated with marginalized social position. Few studies have examined mental illnesses in the Roma, and none have examined the Roma children. The present study estimates mental health and behavioral Disorders among Roma children in comparison to non-Roma children in educational institutions. Data were drawn from the School Children Mental Health Study in Europe (SCHME) study in Romania (Roma children identified by parent report, N = 70; non-Roma, N = 925) and Bulgaria (Roma children identified by exclusively-Roma schools, N = 65; non-Roma, N = 1312). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was given to the parents and teachers to measure child mental health; children reported on their mental health through the Dominique Interactive. Control covariates included child sex and age, and parental characteristics when parent reports were available. Based on the child’s own report, Roma children had a higher odds of any internalizing Disorder (OR = 2.99, 95% C.I. 2.07–4.30), phobias (OR = 4.84, 95% C.I. 3.19–7.35), separation anxiety Disorder (OR = 2.54, 95% C.I. 1.72–3.76), generalized anxiety Disorder (OR = 2.95, 95% C.I. 1.75–4.96), and major depressive Disorder (OR = 3.86, 95% C.I. 2.31–6.37). Further Roma children had a higher odds of any Externalizing Disorder (OR = 2.84, 95% C.I. 1.78–4.54), oppositional defiant Disorder (OR = 3.35, 95% C.I. 1.93–5.82), ADHD (OR = 2.37, 95% C.I. 1.26–4.46), and conduct Disorder (OR = 3.63, 95% C.I. 2.04–6.46). Based on the report of teachers, Roma children had higher odds of emotional problems (OR = 2.03, 95% C.I. 1.20-3.44), peer-relational problems (OR = 2.76, 95% C.I. 1.73-4.41) and prosocial behavior (OR = 2.75, 95% C.I. 1.75-4.33). Roma children experience a higher burden of mental health problems compared with their non-Roma counterparts. Attention to child health and mental health among the Roma is urgently needed, as these children experience a constellation of health problems associated with poverty as well as experiences of stigma and discrimination.
Silvia S Martins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics and individual mental Disorders in five cities in latin america multilevel models from the world mental health surveys
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Laura Sampson, Silvia S MartinsAbstract:Our understanding of community-level predictors of individual mental Disorders in large urban areas of lower income countries is limited. In particular, the proportion of migrant, unemployed, and poorly educated residents in neighborhoods of these urban areas may characterize group contexts and shape residents’ health. Cross-sectional household interviews of 7251 adults were completed across 83 neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Medellin, Colombia; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Lima, Peru; and Mexico City, Mexico as part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Past-year internalizing and Externalizing mental Disorders were assessed, and multilevel models were used. Living in neighborhoods with either an above-average or below-average proportion of migrants and highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of any internalizing Disorder (for proportion migrants: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.91 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.94 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile; for proportion highly educated: OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.90 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.90 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). Living in neighborhoods with an above-average proportion of unemployed individuals was associated with higher odds of having any internalizing Disorder (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14–1.95 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). The proportion of highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of Externalizing Disorder (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.93 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). The associations of neighborhood-level migration, unemployment, and education with individual-level odds of mental Disorders highlight the importance of community context for understanding the burden of mental Disorders among residents of rapidly urbanizing global settings.
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the relationship between neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics and individual mental Disorders in five cities in latin america multilevel models from the world mental health surveys
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Laura Sampson, Silvia S Martins, Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho, Laura Helena Andrade, Maria Carmen Viana, Maria Elena Medinamora, Corina Benjet, Yolanda Torres, Marina Piazza, Sergio AguilargaxiolaAbstract:PURPOSE Our understanding of community-level predictors of individual mental Disorders in large urban areas of lower income countries is limited. In particular, the proportion of migrant, unemployed, and poorly educated residents in neighborhoods of these urban areas may characterize group contexts and shape residents' health. METHODS Cross-sectional household interviews of 7251 adults were completed across 83 neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Medellin, Colombia; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Lima, Peru; and Mexico City, Mexico as part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Past-year internalizing and Externalizing mental Disorders were assessed, and multilevel models were used. RESULTS Living in neighborhoods with either an above-average or below-average proportion of migrants and highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of any internalizing Disorder (for proportion migrants: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.91 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.94 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile; for proportion highly educated: OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.90 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). Living in neighborhoods with an above-average proportion of unemployed individuals was associated with higher odds of having any internalizing Disorder (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14-1.95 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). The proportion of highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of Externalizing Disorder (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.93 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). CONCLUSIONS The associations of neighborhood-level migration, unemployment, and education with individual-level odds of mental Disorders highlight the importance of community context for understanding the burden of mental Disorders among residents of rapidly urbanizing global settings.
Alan E. Kazdin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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treatment outcome among children with Externalizing Disorder who terminate prematurely versus those who complete psychotherapy
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: Alan E. Kazdin, Jennifer L. Mazurick, Todd SiegelAbstract:ABSTRACT Objective To compare the clinical dysfunction at the end of treatment of children who dropped out of therapy prematurely (dropouts) versus those who completed treatment (completers). We predicted that (1) children who terminated prematurely would show greater impairment at the end of treatment than would children who completed treatment, and (2) the differences at posttreatment would result from subject selection variables and severity of child dysfunction at pretreatment rather than from termination of treatment, per se. Method Children ( N = 75, aged 4 to 13 years) referred for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior formed three groups: dropouts, completers, and completers matched to dropouts on subject and demographic variables and severity of child dysfunction. Results At the end of treatment children who terminated prematurely showed greater impairment at home, at school, and in the community, compared with children who completed treatment. Outcome differences were less evident between dropouts and completers when pretreatment child severity of dysfunction was controlled. Conclusions The findings suggest that selection factors and severity of impairment may relate both to attrition and limited responsiveness among patients who continue.
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Treatment outcome among children with Externalizing Disorder who terminate prematurely versus those who complete psychotherapy.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: Alan E. Kazdin, Jennifer L. Mazurick, Todd C. SiegelAbstract:To compare the clinical dysfunction at the end of treatment of children who dropped out of therapy prematurely (dropouts) versus those who completed treatment (completers). We predicted that (1) children who terminated prematurely would show greater impairment at the end of treatment than would children who completed treatment, and (2) the differences at posttreatment would result from subject selection variables and severity of child dysfunction at pretreatment rather than from termination of treatment, per se. Children (N = 75, aged 4 to 13 years) referred for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior formed three groups: dropouts, completers, and completers matched to dropouts on subject and demographic variables and severity of child dysfunction. At the end of treatment children who terminated prematurely showed greater impairment at home, at school, and in the community, compared with children who completed treatment. Outcome differences were less evident between dropouts and completers when pretreatment child severity of dysfunction was controlled. The findings suggest that selection factors and severity of impairment may relate both to attrition and limited responsiveness among patients who continue.
Laura Sampson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics and individual mental Disorders in five cities in latin america multilevel models from the world mental health surveys
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Laura Sampson, Silvia S MartinsAbstract:Our understanding of community-level predictors of individual mental Disorders in large urban areas of lower income countries is limited. In particular, the proportion of migrant, unemployed, and poorly educated residents in neighborhoods of these urban areas may characterize group contexts and shape residents’ health. Cross-sectional household interviews of 7251 adults were completed across 83 neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Medellin, Colombia; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Lima, Peru; and Mexico City, Mexico as part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Past-year internalizing and Externalizing mental Disorders were assessed, and multilevel models were used. Living in neighborhoods with either an above-average or below-average proportion of migrants and highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of any internalizing Disorder (for proportion migrants: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.91 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.94 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile; for proportion highly educated: OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.90 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.90 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). Living in neighborhoods with an above-average proportion of unemployed individuals was associated with higher odds of having any internalizing Disorder (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14–1.95 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). The proportion of highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of Externalizing Disorder (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.93 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). The associations of neighborhood-level migration, unemployment, and education with individual-level odds of mental Disorders highlight the importance of community context for understanding the burden of mental Disorders among residents of rapidly urbanizing global settings.
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the relationship between neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics and individual mental Disorders in five cities in latin america multilevel models from the world mental health surveys
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Laura Sampson, Silvia S Martins, Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho, Laura Helena Andrade, Maria Carmen Viana, Maria Elena Medinamora, Corina Benjet, Yolanda Torres, Marina Piazza, Sergio AguilargaxiolaAbstract:PURPOSE Our understanding of community-level predictors of individual mental Disorders in large urban areas of lower income countries is limited. In particular, the proportion of migrant, unemployed, and poorly educated residents in neighborhoods of these urban areas may characterize group contexts and shape residents' health. METHODS Cross-sectional household interviews of 7251 adults were completed across 83 neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Medellin, Colombia; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Lima, Peru; and Mexico City, Mexico as part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Past-year internalizing and Externalizing mental Disorders were assessed, and multilevel models were used. RESULTS Living in neighborhoods with either an above-average or below-average proportion of migrants and highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of any internalizing Disorder (for proportion migrants: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.91 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.94 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile; for proportion highly educated: OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90 for the bottom tertile and OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.90 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). Living in neighborhoods with an above-average proportion of unemployed individuals was associated with higher odds of having any internalizing Disorder (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14-1.95 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). The proportion of highly educated residents was associated with lower odds of Externalizing Disorder (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.93 for the top tertile compared to the middle tertile). CONCLUSIONS The associations of neighborhood-level migration, unemployment, and education with individual-level odds of mental Disorders highlight the importance of community context for understanding the burden of mental Disorders among residents of rapidly urbanizing global settings.
Zlatka Mihova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bullying involvement and self-reported mental health in elementary school children across Europe
Child Abuse and Neglect, 2020Co-Authors: Mathilde M. Husky, Adina Bitfoi, Zlatka Mihova, E. Delbasty, M. G. Carta, D. Goelitz, C. KoÇ, S. Lesinskiene, R. Otten, V. Kovess-masfetyAbstract:Background Bullying behavior is recognized internationally as a serious issue associated with mental health and functioning problems among children. Objective The present study sought to determine the associations between bullying involvement and self-reported mental health among elementary school children across seven European countries. Participants and setting The School Children Mental Health in Europe study was conducted in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Romania and Turkey in 2010 using similar methodology to collect cross-sectional data from children, parents, and teachers. Methods The study focused on children who had completed the Dominic Interactive and whose mother and/or teacher had completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (n = 5,183). Results Overall 14.3 % of children were identified as bullies, 18.2 % as victims and, 19.0 % as both bullies and victims. Despite the low threshold for defining bullying status, children identified as being involved were highly likely to present with self-reported mental health problems: 31.6 % of bully-victims reported any Disorder, while 25.4 % of bullies and 23.1 % of victims did. Adjusting for key factors, bullies and bully-victims were significantly more likely to present with any Externalizing Disorder, while victims were not. Additionally, bully-victim status was associated with significantly greater odds of presenting with each internalizing Disorder: phobia (AOR = 1.48, 95 %CI = 1.01–2.19), GAD (AOR = 2.54, 95 %CI = 1.67–3.87), separation anxiety (AOR = 1.88, 95 %CI = 1.43–2.47) and depression (AOR = 2.52, 95 %CI = 1.61–3.93). However, victim status was only associated with GAD (AOR = 1.63, 95 %CI = 1.07–2.48) and bully status with separation anxiety (AOR = 1.44, 95 %CI = 1.07–1.93). Conclusions The results highlight the association of bullying involvement and child mental health in elementary school children across Europe.
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Mental health disparities between Roma and non-Roma children in Romania and Bulgaria.
BMC psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Eric J Lee, Katherine M. Keyes, Adina Bitfoi, Zlatka Mihova, Ondine Pez, Elisha Yoon, Viviane Kovess MasfetyAbstract:The Roma population, one of the largest minority groups in Europe, experience discrimination and stigma associated with marginalized social position. Few studies have examined mental illnesses in the Roma, and none have examined the Roma children. The present study estimates mental health and behavioral Disorders among Roma children in comparison to non-Roma children in educational institutions. Data were drawn from the School Children Mental Health Study in Europe (SCHME) study in Romania (Roma children identified by parent report, N = 70; non-Roma, N = 925) and Bulgaria (Roma children identified by exclusively-Roma schools, N = 65; non-Roma, N = 1312). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was given to the parents and teachers to measure child mental health; children reported on their mental health through the Dominique Interactive. Control covariates included child sex and age, and parental characteristics when parent reports were available. Based on the child’s own report, Roma children had a higher odds of any internalizing Disorder (OR = 2.99, 95% C.I. 2.07–4.30), phobias (OR = 4.84, 95% C.I. 3.19–7.35), separation anxiety Disorder (OR = 2.54, 95% C.I. 1.72–3.76), generalized anxiety Disorder (OR = 2.95, 95% C.I. 1.75–4.96), and major depressive Disorder (OR = 3.86, 95% C.I. 2.31–6.37). Further Roma children had a higher odds of any Externalizing Disorder (OR = 2.84, 95% C.I. 1.78–4.54), oppositional defiant Disorder (OR = 3.35, 95% C.I. 1.93–5.82), ADHD (OR = 2.37, 95% C.I. 1.26–4.46), and conduct Disorder (OR = 3.63, 95% C.I. 2.04–6.46). Based on the report of teachers, Roma children had higher odds of emotional problems (OR = 2.03, 95% C.I. 1.20-3.44), peer-relational problems (OR = 2.76, 95% C.I. 1.73-4.41) and prosocial behavior (OR = 2.75, 95% C.I. 1.75-4.33). Roma children experience a higher burden of mental health problems compared with their non-Roma counterparts. Attention to child health and mental health among the Roma is urgently needed, as these children experience a constellation of health problems associated with poverty as well as experiences of stigma and discrimination.
