The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Susan Ariel Aaronson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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limited partnership business government civil society and the public in the Extractive industries transparency initiative eiti
Public Administration and Development, 2011Co-Authors: Susan Ariel AaronsonAbstract:This article examines the context and impact of the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI). I hyppothesize that EITI is not as effective as it could be because the governments, firms, and NGOs involved in EITI have very different visions of EITI. In EITI, firms are supposed to publish what they pay to extract resources, governments publish what they earn, and a multistakeholder group monitors and attempts to see if these figures can be reconciled. The group is supposed to push for the government to find this balance. Some governments have not allowed civil society to fully participate in the EITI process. In that regard it is a limited partnership. Civil society,as representatives of the public, can not act as an anticorruption counterweight.
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limited partnership business government civil society and the public in the Extractive industries transparency initiative eiti
Public Administration and Development, 2011Co-Authors: Susan Ariel AaronsonAbstract:This article assesses the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a public-private partnership designed to help resource-rich countries avoid corruption in the management of Extractive Industry revenues. Thirty-two nations have adopted EITI, and the numbers of implementing nations are rapidly increasing. However, the EITI partnership is not as effective as it could be for three reasons. First, the partners (governments, civil society, and business) have different visions of EITI. Second, some implementing governments have not allowed civil society to participate fully in the process or have not consistently provided civil society with the information they need to hold their governments to account. In this regard it is a limited partnership. Third, in many participating countries, the public and legislators may not be aware of EITI. Thus, although public participation is essential to the success and potential positive spillovers of EITI, the public is essentially a silent partner, limiting the ability of the EITI to succeed as a counterweight to corruption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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limited partnership business government civil society and the public in the Extractive Industry transparency initiative
Social Science Research Network, 2010Co-Authors: Susan Ariel AaronsonAbstract:In this paper, I assess the EITI a multisectoral partnership designed to help resource rich countries avoid corruption in the management of Extractive Industry revenues. I hypothesize that the EITI partnership is not as effective as it could be for three reasons. First, the partners (governments, civil society, and business) have different visions of EITI. Second, some implementing governments have not allowed civil society to participate fully in the process or have not consistently provided civil society with the information they need to hold their governments to account. In this regard it is a limited partnership. Third, in many participating countries, the public and legislators may not be aware of EITI. Thus, although public participation is essential to the success and potential positive spillovers of EITI, the public is essentially a silent partner, limiting the ability of the EITI to succeed as a counterweight to corruption.
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limited partnership business government civil society ngos and the public in the Extractive Industry transparency initiative eiti
Research Papers in Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Susan Ariel Aaronson, Jennifer M BrinkerhoffAbstract:This article examines the context and impact of the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI). I hyppothesize that EITI is not as effective as it could be because the governments, firms, and NGOs involved in EITI have very different visions of EITI. In EITI, firms are supposed to publish what they pay to extract resources, governments publish what they earn, and a multistakeholder group monitors and attempts to see if these figures can be reconciled. The group is supposed to push for the government to find this balance. Some governments have not allowed civil society to fully participate in the EITI process. In that regard it is a limited partnership. Civil society,as representatives of the public, can not act as an anticorruption counterweight.
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for the people but not always by the people the Extractive Industry transparency initiative eiti ngos and signaling
Social Science Research Network, 2009Co-Authors: Susan Ariel AaronsonAbstract:The EITI is a multisectoral partnership designed to help resource rich countries avoid corruption in the management of Extractive Industry revenues. It is widely perceived as successful, yet Although EITI is a process designed for the people, it is not always by the people. Not all participating governments have let civil society fully participate in the process or provided civil society consistently with the information they need. Moreover, although some 24 countries (50% of all resource-rich developing countries) have committed to the EITI and taken many of these steps, as of December 2008 only one country - Azerbaijan - has taken all of these steps. As a result, EITI is a work-in-progress. Herein I examine the context in which countries adopt EITI.
Roy Maconachie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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youthscapes of change diamonds livelihoods and Extractive Industry investment in sierra leone
2016Co-Authors: Roy MaconachieAbstract:Over the past decade, neoliberal reforms, soaring commodity prices and rising global resource demands have led to significant growth in Extractive Industry investment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A surge of investment has triggered a variety of responses in mineral-rich communities—from outright rejection, to protest over labour conditions, to acceptance in anticipation of gainful employment. This chapter explores how changing global-economic patterns and processes are shaping livelihood opportunities for young people in resource-rich SSA. Drawing on recent fieldwork carried out in diamondiferous Kono District in Sierra Leone, the chapter provides an extended analysis of contrasting youth perceptions of, and responses toward, Extractive Industry expansion. The focus on youth, and its heterogeneity as a social category, has important policy implications and will improve understanding of the dynamics and diversity of livelihood strategies in resource-rich developing countries. This analysis is particularly critical in the case of Sierra Leone, where young people are playing important roles in rights-based mobilizations around mining, while at the same time having pressing livelihood needs in an employment-constrained economy. In illuminating the various factors underlying a diverse range of youth responses to Extractive Industry investment, the chapter concludes by reflecting on how youth perceptions of Extractive Industry expansion may also be influencing the ways in which mining companies understand and fashion their business and corporate social responsibility strategies.
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responding to the challenge of fragility and security in west africa natural resources Extractive Industry investment and social conflict
2015Co-Authors: Roy Maconachie, Radhika Srinivasan, Nicholas MenziesAbstract:The inability to unlock natural resource wealth for the benefit of developing countries’ local populations, a phenomenon popularly known as the ‘resource curse’ or the ‘paradox of plenty’, has spawned extensive debate among researchers and policy makers in recent years. There is now a well-established body of literature exploring the links between natural resources and conflict, with some sources estimating that over the past 60 years, 40 percent of civil wars have been associated with natural resources. Following this introduction, Section two provides an overview of interstate tensions in West Africa in order to improve understanding of the drivers of fragility that trigger conflict between countries around Extractive Industry investment. Here, the discussion is grounded in examples in which interstate tensions have been apparent, including the case of the Mano River Union, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, a region with a history of conflict, and where the exploitation of commercial deposits of high-value resources may continue to have a potentially destabilizing effect. Section three focuses on the decentralization of natural resource revenues, a process that proponents believe can help manage grievances and defuse intrastate tension in areas directly affected by resource extraction, but one that is also not without challenges. Drawing upon the case of Ghana’s Mineral Development Fund, the section explores the potential for conflict (and conflict triggers) to arise when the redistribution of Extractive Industry revenues to subnational regions takes place. In doing so, it becomes apparent that the capture and misuse of revenues from the fund is as much a political issue as it is a policy or technical one. This sets the stage for section four, which focuses in greater detail on Extractive Industry-related conflict within catchment communities, and how contestation is most often a result of unequal power relationships. Section five, the conclusion, summarizes and reflects upon some of the challenges and struggles over resource management associated with West Africa’s recent resource boom, and draws out some of the cross-cutting themes. Here, suitable entry points for future lines of inquiry and engagement are identified.
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mining for change youth livelihoods and Extractive Industry investment in sierra leone
Applied Geography, 2014Co-Authors: Roy MaconachieAbstract:Abstract Over the past two decades, neoliberal reforms, soaring commodity prices and heightened global resource demands have led to significant growth in Extractive Industry investment across sub-Saharan Africa. A surge of investment has triggered a variety of responses in mineral-rich communities – from outright rejection, to protest over labour conditions, to acceptance in anticipation of gainful employment. Drawing on recent research carried out in Kono District in Sierra Leone, this article critically explores these contrasting responses to mining activities, by focussing on how youth perceive and respond to Extractive Industry expansion. In doing so, the paper broadens understanding of why youth perceptions of mining investment differ, and illuminates the various factors underlying a diverse range of responses to the expansion of Extractive industries. The focus on youth and its heterogeneity as a social category has important policy implications and the paper makes a contribution to understanding the dynamics and diversity of youth livelihood strategies in resource rich developing countries. In making a distinction between autonomous spaces of community-led development 'from below' and corporate controlled spaces of development 'from above', the article reflects on how youth perceptions of Extractive Industry expansion may also be influencing the ways in which mining companies understand and fashion their business and social responsibility strategies.
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dispossession exploitation or employment youth livelihoods and Extractive Industry investment in sierra leone
Futures, 2014Co-Authors: Roy MaconachieAbstract:Abstract The impacts that increased transnational Extractive Industry investments are having on local populations in natural resource-rich regions of sub-Saharan Africa are diverse, far-reaching and complex. A surge of recent investment has been variously met by resistance and rejection, by acquiescence combined with demands for better labour conditions, and outright acceptance in anticipation of gainful employment. Drawing on recent field-based research carried out in diamondiferous Kono District in Sierra Leone, this paper critically explores these contrasting responses to mining activities, by focusing on how youth perceive and respond to Extractive Industry expansion. The analysis is particularly salient in the case of Sierra Leone, as Kono's prime alluvial diamond areas are becoming ‘mined out’, and artisanal and small-scale operations are being replaced by more capital intensive modes of mechanized extraction. In an environment where the demand for unskilled labour is diminishing, and young people are facing pressing livelihood needs in an employment-constrained economy, youth are playing important roles in rights-based mobilizations around mining. The paper aims to broaden understanding of youth perceptions of mining investment, and illuminate the various factors underlying a diverse range of responses to the expansion of Extractive industries. It concludes by reflecting on how youth perceptions of Extractive Industry expansion may also be influencing the ways in which mining companies understand and fashion their business and social responsibility strategies.
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good governance and the Extractive industries in sub saharan africa
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2008Co-Authors: Gavin Hilson, Roy MaconachieAbstract:This article critically examines the challenges that come with implementing the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)a policy mechanism marketed by donors and Western governments as a key to facilitating economic improvement in resource-rich developing countriesin sub-Saharan Africa. The forces behind the EITI contest that impoverished institutions, the embezzlement of petroleum and/or mineral revenues, and a lack of transparency are the chief reasons why resource-rich sub-Saharan Africa is underperforming economically, and that implementation of the EITI, with its foundation of good governance, will help address these problems. The position here, however, is that the task is by no means straightforward: that the EITI is not necessarily a blueprint for facilitating good governance in the region's resource-rich countries. It is concluded that the EITI is a policy mechanism that could prove to be effective with significant institutional change in host African countries but, on its own, it is incapable of reducing corruption and mobilizing citizens to hold government officials accountable for hoarding profits from Extractive Industry operations.
Sam Shanee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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yellow tailed woolly monkey lagothrix flavicauda conservation status anthropogenic threats and conservation initiatives
2014Co-Authors: Noga Shanee, Sam ShaneeAbstract:This chapter examines threats and conservation opportunities for the Critically Endangered yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda), a species endemic to northeastern Peru. Inherent traits make this species susceptible to extinction from threats identified here as habitat loss, hunting, selective logging, road construction, Extractive Industry, and climate change, all of which are increasing. Using current range estimates, available habitat, and published density estimates, we present here the first estimate for L. flavicauda population size. We estimate a current population of between 88,622 and 10,564 individuals, which represents a reduction of between 46 and 93 % of the estimated original population since 1981. These numbers represent maximum population estimates as they only consider habitat availability, disregarding hunting pressure. It is clear that both the species’ population size and habitat are decreasing. State conservation efforts do not fully mitigate threats to this species, but land protection by private actors, especially rural communities through the creation of protected areas and landscape-level conservation, offers an innovative and increasingly popular conservation alternative.
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yellow tailed woolly monkey lagothrix flavicauda conservation status anthropogenic threats and conservation initiatives
2014Co-Authors: Noga Shanee, Sam ShaneeAbstract:This chapter examines threats and conservation opportunities for the Critically Endangered yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda), a species endemic to northeastern Peru. Inherent traits make this species susceptible to extinction from threats identified here as habitat loss, hunting, selective logging, road construction, Extractive Industry, and climate change, all of which are increasing. Using current range estimates, available habitat, and published density estimates, we present here the first estimate for L. flavicauda population size. We estimate a current population of between 88,622 and 10,564 individuals, which represents a reduction of between 46 and 93 % of the estimated original population since 1981. These numbers represent maximum population estimates as they only consider habitat availability, disregarding hunting pressure. It is clear that both the species’ population size and habitat are decreasing. State conservation efforts do not fully mitigate threats to this species, but land protection by private actors, especially rural communities through the creation of protected areas and landscape-level conservation, offers an innovative and increasingly popular conservation alternative.
Paivi Lujala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an analysis of the Extractive Industry transparency initiative implementation process
World Development, 2018Co-Authors: Paivi LujalaAbstract:Abstract The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) has become an international hallmark of the efforts to promote better Extractive-sector management and improved societal development in natural resource-rich countries. Since its establishment in 2003, a large number of resource-dependent countries have committed to the EITI Standard, and support of the EITI from donors, nongovernmental organizations, and Extractive Industry companies has been vast. To understand whether and how adherence to the EITI Standard can affect resource governance and development, it is crucial to examine what factors influence a country’s decision to join and implement the Standard. This article examines why and how rapidly countries adopt the Standard using survival analysis methods and a global dataset on countries’ progress in implementing the EITI Standard. It finds that several factors influence progress and proposes that these can be categorized as internal motivation, internal capacity, and external pressure to implement the Standard. This article contributes to understanding why the EITI Standard implementation stalls in some countries whereas it progresses in others. Importantly, it outlines which factors need to be controlled for in studies that seek to evaluate the impact of the EITI on resource governance and societal development, and argues that such impact evaluations need to correct for the selection biases in countries’ decisions to commit to and implement the EITI Standard.
Mirko S Winkler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Extractive Industry in latin america and the caribbean health impact assessment as an opportunity for the health authority
International Journal of Public Health, 2017Co-Authors: Jonathan Drewry, Janis Shandro, Mirko S WinklerAbstract:The Extractive industries have contributed to the economic and social development of Latin America and the Caribbean for centuries. We have undertaken a narrative review to assess the role of the health authority in the decision-making process as it relates to Extractive Industry projects. A narrative literature review was conducted with a keyword search conducted using PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Google. This was complemented with manual searches of relevant journals and reference lists of primary articles. A broad body of literature from Latin America and the Caribbean region provides evidence that the public health of communities engaged in Extractive Industry is not being assured and that significant gaps exist in aligning public and private sector efforts to improve health. Inclusion of the health authority in impact assessment has the potential to result in lasting positive effects on communities involved directly and indirectly in the Extractive Industry, while preventing a large range of potential adverse health impacts.
