The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Luke D Smillie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extraversion and reward processing consolidating evidence from an electroencephalographic index of reward prediction error
Biological Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Luke D Smillie, Andrew Cooper, Hayley K Jach, David M Hughes, Jan Wacker, Alan PickeringAbstract:Abstract Trait Extraversion has been theorized to emerge from functioning of the dopaminergic reward system. Recent evidence for this view shows that Extraversion modulates the scalp-recorded Reward Positivity, a putative marker of dopaminergic signaling of reward-prediction-error. We attempt to replicate this association amid several improvements on previous studies in this area, including an adequately-powered sample (N = 100) and thorough examination of convergent-divergent validity. Participants completed a passive associative learning task presenting rewards and non-rewards that were either predictable or unexpected. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses confirmed that the scalp recorded Reward Positivity (i.e., the Feedback-Related-Negativity contrasting unpredicted rewards and unpredicted non-rewards) was significantly associated with three measures of Extraversion and unrelated to other basic traits from the Big Five personality model. Narrower sub-traits of Extraversion showed similar, though weaker associations with the Reward Positivity. These findings consolidate previous evidence linking Extraversion with a putative marker of dopaminergic reward-processing.
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Clarifying the Relation Between Extraversion and Positive Affect.
Journal of Personality, 2014Co-Authors: Luke D Smillie, Colin G. Deyoung, Phillip J. HallAbstract:: This article clarifies two sources of ambiguity surrounding the relation between Extraversion and positive affect. First, positive affect is defined differently across major models of the structure of affect. Second, no previous research has examined potentially diverging associations of lower-order aspects of Extraversion (i.e., assertiveness and enthusiasm) with positive affect. Australian (Study 1: N = 437, 78% female, Mage = 20.41) and American (Study 2: N = 262, 39% female, Mage = 33.86) participants completed multiple measures of Extraversion and positive affect. Correlations were employed to examine relations among these measures. In both studies, Extraversion was most clearly associated with positive affect as conceptualized within a major factor model of affect-specifically, as positive activation (Watson & Tellegen, 1985)-rather than the valence-based conceptualization of positive affect provided by a circumplex model of affect (Russell, 1980). This was also the case for the assertiveness and enthusiasm aspects of Extraversion. Our findings clarify the nature of the positive affective component of Extraversion, which is best described in terms of both positive valence and high activation.
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aspects of Extraversion are unrelated to pleasant affective reactivity further examination of the affective reactivity hypothesis
Journal of Research in Personality, 2013Co-Authors: Luke D Smillie, Joshua Wilt, Joachim T Geaney, Andrew Cooper, William RevelleAbstract:Two experiments examined whether aspects of Extraversion concerned with agency (leadership, dominance) and affiliation (friendliness, positive emotion) reflect susceptibility to positive affect (PA). In experiment 1, both aspects of Extraversion predicted increased activated PA (vigor, excitement) following an appetitive mood induction, replicating our recent findings in this area (Smillie, Cooper, Wilt, & Revelle, 2012). Neither agentic nor affiliative Extraversion predicted increased pleasant PA (contentment, satisfaction) following a pleasant mood induction. In experiment 2, induced pleasant PA was again unrelated to Extraversion, as well as to two indicators of overall happiness. These observations suggest that extraverts are not generally more susceptible to PA, and that affective-reactivity cannot explain the strong relationship between Extraversion and indicators of overall happiness.
Chongde Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of Extraversion social support on the posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth of adolescent survivors of the wenchuan earthquake
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Xuji Jia, Liuhua Ying, Xiao Zhou, Chongde LinAbstract:Objective The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among Extraversion, social support, posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods Six hundred thirty-eight participants were selected from the survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Participants completed four main questionnaires, including the Extraversion Subscale, the Social Support Scale, the Child PTSD Symptom Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results A bivariate correlation analysis revealed significant correlations among Extraversion, social support, posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth. Extraversion had significant indirect effects on posttraumatic stress disorder (β = −.037, p < .01) and posttraumatic growth (β = .077, p < .001) through social support. The results also indicated that Extraversion had a significant direct effect on posttraumatic growth and a nonsignificant direct effect on posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusions Social support fully mediates the relationship between Extraversion and posttraumatic stress disorder and partially mediates the relationship between Extraversion and posttraumatic growth. Psychological interventions and care for survivors of the earthquake should include the various functions and sources of social support and how they serve to benefit individuals.
Ilene C Siegler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability in Extraversion and aspects of social support at midlife
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1997Co-Authors: Dean D Von Dras, Ilene C SieglerAbstract:This investigation used participants from the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study in an exploration of Extraversion and aspects of social support at midlife. Results indicated that Extraversion measured at college entry and at midlife was positively correlated with social activity and perceived social support measured later in middle adulthood. Multiple regression correlational analyses suggested that both the stable and changing components of Extraversion influence structural and functional aspects of social support. Further, the changing component of Extraversion was found to be significantly associated with greater social activity, perceived social support, and an increased likelihood of seeking support when faced with a stressful problem in middle adulthood. Overall, the development of sociability and outgoingness in interpersonal relationships during adolescence and young adulthood is suggested to be an important antecedent of the structural characteristics and functional dynamics of social support at midlife.
Kenneth S Kendler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low Extraversion and high neuroticism as indices of genetic and environmental risk for social phobia agoraphobia and animal phobia
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2007Co-Authors: Joseph O Bienvenu, John M Hettema, Michael C Neale, Carol A Prescott, Kenneth S KendlerAbstract:Objective: The authors examined the extent to which two major personality dimensions (Extraversion and neuroticism) index the genetic and environmental risk for three phobias (social phobia, agoraphobia, and animal phobia) in twins ascertained from a large, population-based registry. Method: Lifetime phobias and personality traits were assessed through diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaire, respectively, in 7,800 twins from female-female, male-male, and opposite-sex pairs. Sex-limited trivariate Cholesky structural equation models were used to decompose the correlations among Extraversion, neuroticism, and each phobia. Results: In the best-fitting models, genetic correlations were moderate and negative between Extraversion and both social phobia and agoraphobia, and that between Extraversion and animal phobia was effectively zero. Genetic correlations were high and positive between neuroticism and both social phobia and agoraphobia, and that between neuroticism and animal phobia was moderate....
Brendan P. Zietsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A test of the facultative calibration/reactive heritability model of Extraversion.
Evolution and Human Behavior, 2015Co-Authors: Hannah J. Haysom, Dorian G. Mitchem, Anthony J. Lee, Margaret J. Wright, Nicholas G. Martin, Matthew C. Keller, Brendan P. ZietschAbstract:A model proposed by Lukaszewski and Roney (2011) suggests that each individual's level of Extraversion is calibrated to other traits that predict the success of an extraverted behavioural strategy. Under 'facultative calibration', Extraversion is not directly heritable, but rather exhibits heritability through its calibration to directly heritable traits ("reactive heritability"). The current study uses biometrical modelling of 1659 identical and non-identical twins and their siblings to assess whether the genetic variation in Extraversion is calibrated to variation in facial attractiveness, intelligence, height in men and body mass index (BMI) in women. Extraversion was significantly positively correlated with facial attractiveness in both males (r=.11) and females (r=.18), but correlations between Extraversion and the other variables were not consistent with predictions. Further, twin modelling revealed that the genetic variation in facial attractiveness did not account for a substantial proportion of the variation in Extraversion in either males (2.4%) or females (0.5%).
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a test of the facultative calibration reactive heritability model of Extraversion
Evolution and Human Behavior, 2015Co-Authors: Hannah J. Haysom, Dorian G. Mitchem, Anthony J. Lee, Margaret J. Wright, Nicholas G. Martin, Matthew C. Keller, Brendan P. ZietschAbstract:A model proposed by Lukaszewski and Roney (2011) suggests that each individual's level of Extraversion is calibrated to other traits that predict the success of an extraverted behavioural strategy. Under 'facultative calibration', Extraversion is not directly heritable, but rather exhibits heritability through its calibration to directly heritable traits ("reactive heritability"). The current study uses biometrical modelling of 1659 identical and non-identical twins and their siblings to assess whether the genetic variation in Extraversion is calibrated to variation in facial attractiveness, intelligence, height in men and body mass index (BMI) in women. Extraversion was significantly positively correlated with facial attractiveness in both males (r=.11) and females (r=.18), but correlations between Extraversion and the other variables were not consistent with predictions. Further, twin modelling revealed that the genetic variation in facial attractiveness did not account for a substantial proportion of the variation in Extraversion in either males (2.4%) or females (0.5%).
