The Experts below are selected from a list of 5625 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric Brymer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Understanding Extreme Sports: A Psychological Perspective
2020Co-Authors: Eric Brymer, Francesco Feletti, Erik Monasterio, Robert SchweitzerAbstract:Extreme Sports, those activities that lie on the outermost edges of independent adventurous leisure activities, where a mismanaged mistake or accident could result in death, have developed into a significant worldwide phenomenon. Extreme sport activities are continually evolving, typical examples include BASE (an acronym for Buildings, Antennae, Span, Earth) jumping and related activities such as proximity flying, Extreme skiing, big wave surfing, waterfall kayaking, rope free solo climbing and high-level mountaineering. While participant numbers in many traditional team and individual Sports such as golf, basketball, and racket Sports have declined over the last decade or so, participant numbers in so called Extreme Sports have surged. Although Extreme Sports are still assumed to be a Western pastime, there has been considerable uptake in other parts of the world. Equally, the idea that adventure Sports are only for the young is also changing as participation rates across the generations are growing. Baby boomers are enthusiastic participants of adventure Sports more generally. Arguably, Extreme Sports now support a multi-billion dollar industry and the momentum seems to be intensifying. Traditional explanations for why Extreme Sports have become so popular are varied. For some, the popularity is explained as the desire to rebel against a society that is becoming too risk averse, for others it is about the spectacle and the merchandise that is associated with organized activities and athletes. For others it is just that there are a lot of people attracted by risk and danger or just want to show off. For others still it is about the desire to belong to sub-cultures and the glamour that goes with Extreme Sports. Some seek mastery in their chosen activity and in situations of significant challenges. This confusing array of explanations is unfortunate as despite their popularity there is still a negative perception about Extreme Sports participation. There is a pressing need for clarity. The dominant research perspective has focused on positivist theory-driven perspectives that attempt to match Extreme Sports against predetermined characteristics. For the most part empirical research has conformed to predetermined societal perspectives. Other ways of knowing might reveal more nuanced perspectives of the human dimension of Extreme sport participation.
-
Conceptualising performance enhancement in Extreme Sports: Combining physiological and psychological perspectives
Muscles ligaments and tendons journal, 2020Co-Authors: Erik Monasterio, Eric Brymer, Ian B. StewartAbstract:Background . Extreme Sports, such as BASE jumping and big wave surfing, are emerging as highly popular sporting activities with profoundly different characteristics to traditional Sports. To date, research has generally assumed that performance in Extreme Sports is based on a homogenous understanding of Extreme Sports and Extreme sport participants. Methods . A narrative examination of the physiological and psychological literature on Extreme Sports. Results . The traditional perspective is limited and overlooks important and nuanced differences which are essential for performance enhancement. Athletes are not a homogenous group of individuals and performance environments provide different challenges. A more nuanced assessment of Extreme Sports reveals that effective performance and survival in Extreme Sports is centred on the development of the capacity to make fast, accurate decisions under severe physiological and psychological stress, where getting it wrong might result in serious injuries or death. Enhancing performance in Extreme Sports depends on understanding these issues and designing programs that appreciate the unique relationship between the individual athletes, the task and the performance environment. Like traditional Sports, Extreme Sports necessitate precise attunement to information in the performance environment. Additionally, the Extreme Sports environment is constantly changing and dangerous. Conclusions . A one-size-fits-all approach is not appropriate for performance enhancement in Extreme Sports. Extreme Sports are also different to traditional Sports. Gradual immersion in the activity will facilitate attunement to information in the performance environment and the realisation of capacities to make effective decisions essential for successful performance.
-
An Ecological Conceptualization of Extreme Sports.
Frontiers in psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Tuomas Immonen, Eric Brymer, Keith Davids, Jarmo Liukkonen, Timo JaakkolaAbstract:Currently, there are various definitions for Extreme Sports and researchers in the field have been unable to advance a consensus on what exactly constitutes an ‘Extreme’ sport. Traditional theory-led explanations, such as edgeworks, sensation seeking and psychoanalysis, have led to inadequate conceptions. These frameworks have failed to capture the depth and nuances of experiences of individuals who refute the notions of risk-taking, adrenaline- and thrill-seeking or death-defiance. Instead, participants are reported to describe experiences as positive, deeply meaningful and life-enhancing. The constant evolution of emerging participation styles and philosophies, expressed within and across distinguishable Extreme sport niches, or forms of life, and confusingly dissimilar definitions and explanations, indicate that, to better understand cognitions, perceptions and actions of Extreme sport participants, a different level of analysis to traditional approaches needs to be emphasized. This paper develops the claim that a more effective definition, reflecting the phenomenology, and framework of an ecological dynamics rationale, can significantly advance the development of a more comprehensive and nuanced future direction for research and practice. Practical implications of such a rationale include study designs, representative experimental analyses and developments in coaching practices and pedagogical approaches in Extreme Sports. Our position statement suggests that Extreme Sports are more effectively defined as emergent forms of action and adventure Sports, consisting of an inimitable person-environment relationship with exquisite affordances for ultimate perception and movement experiences, leading to existential reflection and self-actualization as framed by the human form of life.
-
Incidents and Injuries in Foot-Launched Flying Extreme Sports.
Aerospace medicine and human performance, 2017Co-Authors: Francesco Feletti, Andrea Aliverti, Maggie Henjum, Marco Tarabini, Eric BrymerAbstract:Background. Participation rates in Extreme Sports have grown exponentially in the last 40 years,often surpassing traditional sporting activities. The purpose of this study was to examine injury rates in foot launched flying Sports, i.e. Sports in which a pilot foot-launches into flight with a wing already deployed. Method. This paper is based on a retrospective analysis of the reports of incidents that occurred between 2000 and 2014 among the British Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association members. Results. The majority of the 1411 reported injuries were in the lower limb, followed by the upper limb. The most common lower limb injury was to the ankle and included fractures sprains and dislocations. The distribution of injures was different in each discipline. The calculated yearly fatality rate (fatalities /100,000 participants) was 40.4 in hang gliding, 47.1 in paragliding, 61.9 in powered hang gliding and 83.4 in powered paragliding; the overall value for foot launched flight Sports was 43.9. Discussion. Significant differences in injury rates and injury patterns were found among different sport disciplines that can be useful to steer research on safety, and adopt specific safety rules about flying, protective clothing and safety systems in each of these Sports.
-
Evoking the ineffable: The phenomenology of Extreme Sports.
Psychology of Consciousness: Theory Research and Practice, 2017Co-Authors: Eric Brymer, Robert D. SchweitzerAbstract:We are witnessing an unprecedented interest in and engagement with Extreme sport activities. Extreme Sports are unique in that they involve physical prowess as well as a particular attitude towards the world and self. We have little understanding of the experience of participants who engage in Extreme activities such as BASE jumping, big wave surfing, Extreme skiing, waterfall kayaking, Extreme mountaineering, and solo rope free climbing. The current study explicates the experience of people who engage in Extreme Sports utilising a phenomenological approach. The study draws upon interviews with 15 Extreme Sports participants across three continents. Three aspects of the Extreme Sports experience are explicated: inadequacy of words, Extreme Sports as vigorous experience, and participants{'} experience of transcendence. The findings provide a valuable insight the experience of the participants. Furthermore, the findings contribute to our understanding of the range of human volition and experience.
Robert Schweitzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Understanding Extreme Sports: A Psychological Perspective
2020Co-Authors: Eric Brymer, Francesco Feletti, Erik Monasterio, Robert SchweitzerAbstract:Extreme Sports, those activities that lie on the outermost edges of independent adventurous leisure activities, where a mismanaged mistake or accident could result in death, have developed into a significant worldwide phenomenon. Extreme sport activities are continually evolving, typical examples include BASE (an acronym for Buildings, Antennae, Span, Earth) jumping and related activities such as proximity flying, Extreme skiing, big wave surfing, waterfall kayaking, rope free solo climbing and high-level mountaineering. While participant numbers in many traditional team and individual Sports such as golf, basketball, and racket Sports have declined over the last decade or so, participant numbers in so called Extreme Sports have surged. Although Extreme Sports are still assumed to be a Western pastime, there has been considerable uptake in other parts of the world. Equally, the idea that adventure Sports are only for the young is also changing as participation rates across the generations are growing. Baby boomers are enthusiastic participants of adventure Sports more generally. Arguably, Extreme Sports now support a multi-billion dollar industry and the momentum seems to be intensifying. Traditional explanations for why Extreme Sports have become so popular are varied. For some, the popularity is explained as the desire to rebel against a society that is becoming too risk averse, for others it is about the spectacle and the merchandise that is associated with organized activities and athletes. For others it is just that there are a lot of people attracted by risk and danger or just want to show off. For others still it is about the desire to belong to sub-cultures and the glamour that goes with Extreme Sports. Some seek mastery in their chosen activity and in situations of significant challenges. This confusing array of explanations is unfortunate as despite their popularity there is still a negative perception about Extreme Sports participation. There is a pressing need for clarity. The dominant research perspective has focused on positivist theory-driven perspectives that attempt to match Extreme Sports against predetermined characteristics. For the most part empirical research has conformed to predetermined societal perspectives. Other ways of knowing might reveal more nuanced perspectives of the human dimension of Extreme sport participation.
-
The search for freedom in Extreme Sports : a phenomenological exploration
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2013Co-Authors: Eric Brymer, Robert SchweitzerAbstract:Participation in Extreme Sports is continuing to grow, yet there is still little understanding of participant motivations in such Sports. The purpose of this paper is to report on one aspect of motivation in Extreme Sports, the search for freedom. The study utilized a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. Fifteen international Extreme sport participants who participated in Sports such as BASE jumping, big wave surfing, Extreme mountaineering, Extreme skiing, rope free climbing and waterfall kayaking were interviewed about their experience of participating in an Extreme sport. Results reveal six elements of freedom: freedom from constraints, freedom as movement, freedom as letting go of the need for control, freedom as the release of fear, freedom as being at one, and finally freedom as choice and responsibility. The findings reveal that motivations in Extreme sport do not simply mirror traditional images of risk taking and adrenaline and that motivations in Extreme Sports also include an exploration of the ways in which humans seek fundamental human values.
-
Extreme Sports are good for your health: A phenomenological understanding of fear and anxiety in Extreme sport:
Journal of health psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric Brymer, Robert SchweitzerAbstract:Extreme Sports are traditionally explored from a risk-taking perspective which often assumes that participants do not experience fear. In this article we explore participants' experience of fear associated with participation in Extreme Sports. An interpretive phenomenological method was used with 15 participants. Four themes emerged: experience of fear, relationship to fear, management of fear, and fear and self-transformation. Participants' experience of Extreme Sports was revealed in terms of intense fear but this fear was integrated and experienced as a potentially meaningful and constructive event in their lives. The findings have implications for understanding fear as a potentially transformative process.
Tony Mickelsson Blomqvist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Andreasson, J. & Johansson, T. (eds.) (2018). Extreme Sports, Extreme bodies: Gender, identities and bodies in motion: London: Palgrave macmillan. ISBN: 978-3-319-97237-4, £47.99 (hbk)
Sport in Society, 2021Co-Authors: Tony Mickelsson BlomqvistAbstract:Extreme Bodies, Extreme Sports explores gender and identity in three Extreme Sports’ competitors, namely bodybuilding, ironman and mixed martial arts (MMA). Specifically, the book looks at how thes...
Anthony C. Hackney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Extreme Sports and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the Twenty-First Century: The Promise of Technology
Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, 2020Co-Authors: Karen Tordjman, Anthony C. HackneyAbstract:Currently approximately 415 million adults are affected with diabetes worldwide, approximately 10% those have type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and rely on insulin for maintaining their health. Once thought unimaginable, a growing number of these individuals are now engaging in Extreme Sports events. This chapter reviews the very special challenge on glucose metabolism and counter-regulation posed by such activities in T1DM. It presents the available scientific evidence supporting the notion they are compatible with this condition, including the recent technological progresses that are contributing to making intense Sports activity safer for individuals with diabetes. At the same time, the areas where data are lacking are underscored. The even more unlikely situation of type 2 diabetes and Extreme Sports is also addressed, emphasizing the void of scientific evidence in this arena. Studies are needed to fill in the information gap and to provide the scientific grounds for professional guidance of diabetic individuals. Newer guidelines and protocols that incorporate emerging technologies, reviewed herein, are awaited.
-
Extreme Sports and type 1 diabetes mellitus: An oxymoron or a growing reality?
Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, 2013Co-Authors: Karen Tordjman, Anthony C. Hackney, Naama ConstantiniAbstract:Extreme sporting events are exceeding popular and a growing number of persons worldwide of all fitness-health levels are participating in them on an annual basis. Currently 350 million people are affected with diabetes worldwide; approximately 10% of those have type 1 diabetes and rely on insulin for maintaining their health. Once thought unimaginable and dangerous, a growing number of these subjects are now engaging in Extreme Sports events. This chapter reviews the very special challenge on glucose metabolism and counterregulation posed by such activities in type 1 diabetes, and it presents the existing scientific evidence supporting the notion they are compatible with this condition. At the same time, the areas where such data are lacking are underscored. The even more unlikely situation of type 2 diabetics and Extreme Sports is also addressed, emphasizing the almost complete void of scientific evidence in this arena. Studies are urgently needed to fill in the information gap and to provide the scientific grounds for professional guidance to diabetic patients. Until then, it is suggested that Sports organizations along with health-care professionals based their recommendations on the best available evidence (as well as the personal experience of the health-care provider and the diabetic patient).
-
Endocrine Aspects and Responses to Extreme Sports
Adventure and Extreme Sports Injuries, 2012Co-Authors: Karen Tordjman, Naama Constantini, Anthony C. HackneyAbstract:In the last few decades, Extreme Sports have gained in popularity worldwide. These activities are popular not only with adventurous elite athletes but more and more everyday people are participating in Extreme Sports activities on a recreational basis. As an illustration of this phenomenon, a 2008 report approximated that the number of Extreme sport participants in the United States alone was nearly 275 million person-events, attempting participation in 14 different types of Extreme Sports activities [1].
Karen Tordjman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Extreme Sports and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the Twenty-First Century: The Promise of Technology
Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, 2020Co-Authors: Karen Tordjman, Anthony C. HackneyAbstract:Currently approximately 415 million adults are affected with diabetes worldwide, approximately 10% those have type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and rely on insulin for maintaining their health. Once thought unimaginable, a growing number of these individuals are now engaging in Extreme Sports events. This chapter reviews the very special challenge on glucose metabolism and counter-regulation posed by such activities in T1DM. It presents the available scientific evidence supporting the notion they are compatible with this condition, including the recent technological progresses that are contributing to making intense Sports activity safer for individuals with diabetes. At the same time, the areas where data are lacking are underscored. The even more unlikely situation of type 2 diabetes and Extreme Sports is also addressed, emphasizing the void of scientific evidence in this arena. Studies are needed to fill in the information gap and to provide the scientific grounds for professional guidance of diabetic individuals. Newer guidelines and protocols that incorporate emerging technologies, reviewed herein, are awaited.
-
Extreme Sports and type 1 diabetes mellitus: An oxymoron or a growing reality?
Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, 2013Co-Authors: Karen Tordjman, Anthony C. Hackney, Naama ConstantiniAbstract:Extreme sporting events are exceeding popular and a growing number of persons worldwide of all fitness-health levels are participating in them on an annual basis. Currently 350 million people are affected with diabetes worldwide; approximately 10% of those have type 1 diabetes and rely on insulin for maintaining their health. Once thought unimaginable and dangerous, a growing number of these subjects are now engaging in Extreme Sports events. This chapter reviews the very special challenge on glucose metabolism and counterregulation posed by such activities in type 1 diabetes, and it presents the existing scientific evidence supporting the notion they are compatible with this condition. At the same time, the areas where such data are lacking are underscored. The even more unlikely situation of type 2 diabetics and Extreme Sports is also addressed, emphasizing the almost complete void of scientific evidence in this arena. Studies are urgently needed to fill in the information gap and to provide the scientific grounds for professional guidance to diabetic patients. Until then, it is suggested that Sports organizations along with health-care professionals based their recommendations on the best available evidence (as well as the personal experience of the health-care provider and the diabetic patient).
-
Endocrine Aspects and Responses to Extreme Sports
Adventure and Extreme Sports Injuries, 2012Co-Authors: Karen Tordjman, Naama Constantini, Anthony C. HackneyAbstract:In the last few decades, Extreme Sports have gained in popularity worldwide. These activities are popular not only with adventurous elite athletes but more and more everyday people are participating in Extreme Sports activities on a recreational basis. As an illustration of this phenomenon, a 2008 report approximated that the number of Extreme sport participants in the United States alone was nearly 275 million person-events, attempting participation in 14 different types of Extreme Sports activities [1].
