The Experts below are selected from a list of 17136 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Klaus Boehnke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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delinquency and disdain social capital and the control of right wing Extremism among east and west berlin youth
American Journal of Sociology, 1995Co-Authors: John Hagan, Hans Merkens, Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:The authors link the notion of subterranean traditions to the concepts of control theory, anomic aspirations, and social capital to explain right-wing Extremism and school delinquency among German Youth. Weakened informal social controls and anomic aspirations lead to delinquent drift and extremist and delinquent involvements. East Berlin youth are uniquely exposed and vulnerable to anomic aspirations and associated right-wing Extremism, but their schools and parents play significant roles in suppressing their rightwing attitudes. Schools and families are underappreciated sources of informal social control and resulting social capital that constrain right-wing Extremism and related problems of young people during a period of rapid social change in the former East Germany.
Sarah Canna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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countering violent Extremism scientific methods strategies
2011Co-Authors: Laurie Fenstermacher, Todd Leventhal, Sarah CannaAbstract:Abstract : This report represents a distillation of current social, behavioral, and economic (SBE) research findings on violent Extremism: What is the cultural basis for violent Extremism and radicalization? What motivates individuals and groups to violence, and how is that risk measured? How does our understanding of these findings educate the mitigation of Extremism? Can it be prevented or reversed? These and other topics are outlined here to open a forward-looking dialog in the research and policy community that will be crucial to formulating future research direction and for addressing this pressing national concern. This paper collection focuses less on root causes and more on solutions for risk management, disengagement (including delegitimization), and prevention of violent Extremism. It also tackles the thorny issue of state terror, a subject that must enter any discussion of solutions for countering violent Extremism. Ultimately, it is hoped that the paper collection can inform a better understanding of, and suggest sets of solutions for, motivating individuals and groups to desist from violence and preventing other individuals and groups from seeking involvement in movements/groups that seek to bring about change through violence. Throughout the collection, there is an undercurrent of do no harm ; that is, concomitant with suggestions for stopping or preventing violent Extremisms, there are cautions an errors to avoid. These cautions implicitly ask the reader to think about things in a different way, in a way that avoids mirroring and simplistic assumptions of what others think or value and widens the timeframe in which we measure success or failure. Many goals related to countering violent Extremism, especially disengagement/risk management and prevention require patience and a commitment for the long haul.
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Countering Violent Extremism: Scientific Methods & Strategies
2011Co-Authors: Laurie Fenstermacher, Todd Leventhal, Sarah CannaAbstract:Abstract : This report represents a distillation of current social, behavioral, and economic (SBE) research findings on violent Extremism: What is the cultural basis for violent Extremism and radicalization? What motivates individuals and groups to violence, and how is that risk measured? How does our understanding of these findings educate the mitigation of Extremism? Can it be prevented or reversed? These and other topics are outlined here to open a forward-looking dialog in the research and policy community that will be crucial to formulating future research direction and for addressing this pressing national concern. This paper collection focuses less on root causes and more on solutions for risk management, disengagement (including delegitimization), and prevention of violent Extremism. It also tackles the thorny issue of state terror, a subject that must enter any discussion of solutions for countering violent Extremism. Ultimately, it is hoped that the paper collection can inform a better understanding of, and suggest sets of solutions for, motivating individuals and groups to desist from violence and preventing other individuals and groups from seeking involvement in movements/groups that seek to bring about change through violence. Throughout the collection, there is an undercurrent of do no harm ; that is, concomitant with suggestions for stopping or preventing violent Extremisms, there are cautions an errors to avoid. These cautions implicitly ask the reader to think about things in a different way, in a way that avoids mirroring and simplistic assumptions of what others think or value and widens the timeframe in which we measure success or failure. Many goals related to countering violent Extremism, especially disengagement/risk management and prevention require patience and a commitment for the long haul.
John Hagan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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delinquency and disdain social capital and the control of right wing Extremism among east and west berlin youth
American Journal of Sociology, 1995Co-Authors: John Hagan, Hans Merkens, Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:The authors link the notion of subterranean traditions to the concepts of control theory, anomic aspirations, and social capital to explain right-wing Extremism and school delinquency among German Youth. Weakened informal social controls and anomic aspirations lead to delinquent drift and extremist and delinquent involvements. East Berlin youth are uniquely exposed and vulnerable to anomic aspirations and associated right-wing Extremism, but their schools and parents play significant roles in suppressing their rightwing attitudes. Schools and families are underappreciated sources of informal social control and resulting social capital that constrain right-wing Extremism and related problems of young people during a period of rapid social change in the former East Germany.
Simone Ullrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extremism religion and psychiatric morbidity in a population based sample of young men
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Jeremy W Coid, Kamaldeep Bhui, Deirdre Macmanus, Constantinos Kallis, Paul Bebbington, Simone UllrichAbstract:Background There is growing risk from terrorism following radicalisation of young men. It is unclear whether psychopathology is associated. Aims To investigate the population distribution of extremist views among UK men. Method Cross-sectional study of 3679 men, 18–34 years, in Great Britain. Multivariate analyses of attitudes, psychiatric morbidity, ethnicity and religion. Results Pro-British men were more likely to be White, UK born, not religious; anti-British were Muslim, religious, of Pakistani origin, from deprived areas. Pro- and anti-British views were linearly associated with violence (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% CI 1.38–1.64, P <0.001, adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.58, P <0.001, respectively) and negatively with depression (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.85, P <0.001, adjusted OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.86, P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions Men at risk of depression may experience protection from strong cultural or religious identity. Antisocial behaviour increases with Extremism. Religion is protective but may determine targets of violence following radicalisation.
Arie W Kruglanski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the psychology of Extremism how motivational imbalance breeds intemperance
Psychological Review, 2020Co-Authors: Arie W Kruglanski, Ewa Szumowska, Catalina H Kopetz, Robert J Vallerand, Antonio PierroAbstract:We present a psychological model of Extremism based on the concept of motivational imbalance whereby a given need gains dominance and overrides other basic concerns. In contrast, moderation results from a motivational balance wherein individuals' different needs are equitably attended to. Importantly, under moderation the different needs constrain individuals' behaviors in prohibiting actions that serve some needs yet undermine others. Those constraints are relaxed under motivational imbalance where the dominant need crowds out alternative needs. As a consequence, the constraints that the latter needs exercise upon behavior are relaxed, permitting previously avoided activities to take place. Because enactment of these behaviors sacrifices common concerns, most people avoid them, hence their designation as extreme. The state of need imbalance has motivational, cognitive, behavioral, affective and social consequences. These pertain to a variety of different Extremisms that share the same psychological core: extreme diets, extreme sports, extreme infatuations, diverse addictions, as well as violent Extremism. Evidence for the present model cuts across different domains of psychological phenomena, levels of behavioral analysis and phylogeny. We consider the model's implications for further research and explore the tradeoffs between Extremism and moderation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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the road to Extremism field and experimental evidence that significance loss induced need for closure fosters radicalization
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: David Webber, Maxim Babush, Noa Schorieyal, Anna Vazeounieuwenhuis, Malkanthi Hettiarachchi, Jocelyn J Belanger, Manuel Moyano, Humberto M Trujillo, Rohan Gunaratna, Arie W KruglanskiAbstract:The present studies examined the hypothesis that loss of personal significance fuels Extremism via the need for cognitive closure. Situations of significance loss—those that make one feel ashamed, humiliated, or demeaned—are inconsistent with the desire for a positive self-image, and instill a sense of uncertainty about the self. Consequently, individuals become motivated to seek certainty and closure that affords the restoration of personal significance. Extremist ideologies should thus increase in appeal, because they promise clear-cut strategies for such restoration. These notions were supported in a series of studies ranging from field surveys of political extremists imprisoned in the Philippines (Study 1) and Sri Lanka (Study 2) to experiments conducted with American samples (Studies 3–4). Implications of these findings are considered for the psychology of Extremism, and for approaches to counterradicalization, and deradicalization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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To the fringe and back: Violent Extremism and the psychology of deviance.
The American psychologist, 2017Co-Authors: Arie W Kruglanski, Katarzyna Jasko, Marina Chernikova, Michelle Dugas, David WebberAbstract:We outline a general psychological theory of Extremism and apply it to the special case of violent Extremism (VE). Extremism is defined as motivated deviance from general behavioral norms and is assumed to stem from a shift from a balanced satisfaction of basic human needs afforded by moderation to a motivational imbalance wherein a given need dominates the others. Because motivational imbalance is difficult to sustain, only few individuals do, rendering extreme behavior relatively rare, hence deviant. Thus, individual dynamics translate into social patterns wherein majorities of individuals practice moderation, whereas Extremism is the province of the few. Both Extremism and moderation require the ability to successfully carry out the activities that these demand. Ability is partially determined by the activities' difficulty, controllable in part by external agents who promote or oppose Extremism. Application of this general framework to VE identifies the specific need that animates it and offers broad guidelines for addressing this pernicious phenomenon. (PsycINFO Database Record
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uncertainty and the roots of Extremism
Journal of Social Issues, 2013Co-Authors: Michael A Hogg, Arie W Kruglanski, Kees Van Den BosAbstract:Extremism in society is the source of enormous human suffering and represents a significant social problem. In this article, we make a case for the urgency of understanding the psychology of societal Extremism, discuss the diverse forms that Extremism can take, and identify uncertainty as a correlate of and quite possibly precondition for Extremism. We discuss the concept of uncertainty and the burgeoning social psychological research on uncertainty and its links with various forms of Extremism. Thus, this article frames and contextualizes the subsequent articles in this issue of the Journal of Social Issues, on the psychology of the relationship, and possible causal link, between uncertainty and societal Extremism.
