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Charles Zaloudek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mucosal proliferations in completely examined Fallopian Tubes accompanying ovarian low grade serous tumors neoplastic precursor lesions or normal variants of benign mucosa
    International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Rebecca J Wolsky, Matthew Price, Charles Zaloudek, Joseph T Rabban
    Abstract:

    : Malignant transformation of the Fallopian tube mucosa, followed by exfoliation of malignant cells onto ovarian and/or peritoneal surfaces, has been implicated as the origin of most pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma. Whether a parallel pathway exists for pelvic low-grade serous tumors [ovarian serous borderline tumor (SBT) and low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC)] remains to be fully elucidated. The literature is challenging to interpret due to variation in the diagnostic criteria and terminology for cytologically low-grade proliferations of the Fallopian tube mucosa, as well as variation in Fallopian tube specimen sampling. Recently, a candidate Fallopian tube precursor to ovarian SBT, so-called papillary tubal hyperplasia, was described in advanced stage patients. The current study was designed to identify Fallopian tube mucosal proliferations unique to patients with low-grade serous ovarian tumors (serous cystadenoma, SBT, LGSC) and to determine if they may represent precursors to the ovarian tumors. Fallopian Tubes were thinly sliced and entirely examined microscopically, including all of the fimbriated and nonfimbriated portions of the Tubes, from patients with ovarian serous cystadenoma (35), SBT (61), and LGSC (11) and from a control population of patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenoma (28), mature cystic teratoma (18) or uterine leiomyoma (14). The slides of the Fallopian Tubes were examined in randomized order, without knowledge of the clinical history or findings in the ovaries or other organs. Alterations of the mucosa of the Fallopian tube were classified as type 1: nonpapillary proliferation of cytologically bland tubal epithelium exhibiting crowding, stratification, and/or tufting without papillary fibrovascular cores or as type 2: papillary alterations consisting of a fibrovascular core lined by a cytologically bland layer of tubal epithelium. A third abnormality, type 3, consisted of detached intraluminal papillae, buds, or nests of epithelium that cytologically resembled the epithelial component of SBT or LGSC. Mucosal proliferations were identified in subsets of all populations, including the control populations. Overall, type 1 proliferations were in 28% to 61% of all patients and type 2 alterations in 4% to 16%. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of type 1 or type 2 proliferations between the class of ovarian serous tumors (benign, SBT, LGSC), between early and advanced stage SBT, or between patients with any ovarian serous tumor and the control population of nonserous diagnoses. Type 3 alterations were only identified in patients with advanced stage SBT/LGSC and not in any early stage SBT or cystadenoma. These findings suggest that type 3 alterations floating in the Fallopian tube lumen represent exfoliation of tumor cells from ovarian and/or peritoneal origin. Our study did not identify a mucosal-based proliferation of the Fallopian Tubes that was specific to ovarian low-grade serous tumors. Cytologically bland mucosal proliferations appear to be common in Fallopian Tubes from patients of all ages and unrelated to ovarian tumorigenesis. A consensus on diagnostic criteria and terminology for these types of proliferations is needed, as well as further study into their etiology, including possible association with hormonal environment.

  • early detection of high grade tubal serous carcinoma in women at low risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome by systematic examination of Fallopian Tubes incidentally removed during benign surgery
    The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Joseph T Rabban, Karuna Garg, Beth Crawford, Leemay Chen, Charles Zaloudek
    Abstract:

    : Early detection of sporadic pelvic serous carcinoma remains an elusive goal. In women at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome who undergo prophylactic salpingectomy, systematic pathologic examination of the Fallopian Tubes will detect occult tubal cancer, mostly in the fimbriae, of a minority of women. Such tubal cancers are the putative precursor to advanced-stage pelvic cancer. We hypothesized that early tubal cancer detection can also be accomplished in women at low risk using a similar approach. In this study, we performed complete and systematic examination of the Fallopian Tubes removed during surgery performed for benign indications. Among 522 women, 4 cases of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) were identified. Three of these cases would have gone undetected using the current standard of care of sampling only a single random section of the tube. The fourth case was accompanied by occult ovarian carcinoma. The fimbriae contained STIC in 3 of the 4 cases and atypical mucosa in 1 case in which the STIC was in the nonfimbriated portion of the tube. The morphologic and immunohistochemical features (aberrant p53 and MIB-1) of these STICs were similar to those expected in high-risk women. All 4 patients with STIC underwent BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene testing; no germline mutations were identified in any patient. An additional 11 specimens contained atypical mucosal proliferations that fell short of morphologic and immunohistochemical criteria for STIC. Two of these 11 fulfilled criteria for a serous tubal intraepithelial lesion, and the remaining atypical proliferations exhibited normal p53 and MIB-1. For most specimens, the fimbriae could be completely submitted in 1 or 2 cassettes per tube. These results demonstrate that systematic examination of the tubal fimbriae can serve as a form of early detection of sporadic tubal cancer without incurring significant labor or cost. We propose that the tubal fimbriae should be completely examined in all patients undergoing benign surgery even if there are no clinical features to suggest risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.

  • vascular endothelial growth factor localization in human ovary and Fallopian Tubes possible role in reproductive function and ovarian cyst formation
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1996
    Co-Authors: John D Gordon, Charles Zaloudek, Sam Mesiano, Robert B Jaffe
    Abstract:

    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor that also increases vascular permeability. We hypothesized that VEGF plays a role in the regulation of cyclic ovarian angiogenesis in women, and that its ability to increase vascular permeability may be an important factor in the production of Fallopian tube effluent and fluid formation in ovarian cysts. To examine these hypotheses, we assessed VEGF expression in ovaries and Fallopian Tubes from premenopausal (n = 10) and postmenopausal (n = 4) women. Immunohistochemical analysis for VEGF was performed using a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against human VEGF. In normal ovaries from premenopausal women, VEGF within healthy follicles was localized to the thecal cell layer, with minimal VEGF peptide detected in the granulosa cell layer. VEGF was not expressed in atretic follicles or a degenerating corpus luteum. However, intense VEGF immunostaining was observed within the highly vascularized corpora lutea in all specimens examined....

Bassem Refaat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of il 6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian Tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy
    Innate Immunity, 2016
    Co-Authors: Bassem Refaat, Sarah Abdullah Batwa, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Jawwad Ahmad, Shakir Idris, Seham Yahia Kutbi, Faizah Ahmed Malibary, Fadi Fayez Kamfar
    Abstract:

    : This was a prospective case-control study that measured the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) by an IVD CE multiplex PCR kit in fresh Fallopian Tubes (FT) obtained from 96 ectopic pregnancies (EP) and 61 controls in the midluteal phase of the cycle. We later measured the expression profile of IL-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and their signalling molecules, in respect to the type and number of infections, by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. The frequencies of CT, and MG mono- and co-infections were significantly higher in EP. IL-6, LIF, their receptors and intracellular mediators were significantly up-regulated at the gene and protein levels in positive compared with negative FTs within each group (P < 0.05). EP tubal samples with co-infections showed the highest significant expression of the candidate cytokines by all techniques (P < 0.05). CT and MG are frequent in EP and up-regulate the tubal expression of IL-6, LIF and their signalling molecules. Both cytokines could be involved in the tubal immune response against bacterial infections, as well as the pathogenesis of EP. Further studies are needed to explore the roles of IL-6 family in infection-induced tubal inflammation and EP.

  • prevalence of cytomegalovirus and its effect on the expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthases in Fallopian Tubes collected from women with and without ectopic pregnancy
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sarah Abdullah Batwa, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Fadi Fayez Kamfar, Jawwad Ahmad, Shakir Idris, A Khojah, N M Alqadi, Bassem Refaat
    Abstract:

    To measure the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in ectopic pregnancy (EP) and its effect on the expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthases (iNOS, eNOS) by Fallopian Tubes (FT) bearing an EP. This was a prospective case–control study. Blood and tubal samples were collected from 84 Eps and 51 controls (20 total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) during the luteal phase and another 31 tubal ligations). CMV IgM and IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA, and an IVD CE PCR kit was used to detect CMV in the FTs. iNOS and eNOS were measured by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR in FTs obtained from CMV-positive EP (n = 12), and the results were compared with those obtained from CMV-negative EP (n = 11) and TAH (n = 8). The frequencies of CMV IgM (51.2 % vs 17.6 %), IgG (77.4 % vs 52.9 %) or both antibodies (41.6 % vs 11.7 %) were significantly higher in EP compared with control. CMV was more common by PCR in FTs from EP (21.4 %) than controls (5.9 %). Twelve women from the PCR positive EP cases (66.6 %) were also simultaneously positive for both CMV IgM & IgG antibodies and had higher expression of eNOS and iNOS at the protein and gene levels compared with negative EP and TAH. Tubal infection with CMV may lead to EP by increasing the production of endothelial and inducible NOS by the FT epithelial cells. Further studies are required to illustrate the role of CMV in the pathogenesis of EP.

  • the expression of activin βa and βb subunits follistatin and activin type ii receptors in Fallopian Tubes bearing an ectopic pregnancy
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2008
    Co-Authors: Bassem Refaat, Saad Amer, Neil Chapman, William J Ledger
    Abstract:

    Context: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality with increasing incidence worldwide. Objective: We investigated whether epithelia from Fallopian Tubes (FTs) bearing an ectopic pregnancy differ from normal Tubes in expression of TGF-β family and related proteins and their receptors. Methodology: Because it is not possible to collect FTs from women carrying a healthy pregnancy, we studied tissue collected at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease. Women were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin in the days leading up to hysterectomy to produce a state of pseudopregnancy. Pseudopregnancy status was confirmed by the presence of high serum progesterone levels and the decidualization of the endometrium. Fifteen FTs bearing ectopic pregnancy and six pseudopregnant Tubes were collected and examined using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated clear staining for the βA- and βB-subunits, type II receptor group comprising th...

R H F Hunter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • have the Fallopian Tubes a vital role in promoting fertility
    Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 1998
    Co-Authors: R H F Hunter
    Abstract:

    Diverse lines of evidence suggest that the Fallopian Tubes make no overwhelming contribution to human reproduction other than as a conduit for gametes and embryos. Even so, bearing in mind global success rates for in vitro fertilization (IVF) coupled with uterine transplantation of embryos (20% fruitful pregnancies), the Fallopian Tubes may make a subtle contribution to reproductive performance. The experimental evidence from monkeys and man arguing against an essential role for the Tubes - at least in individual instances - would include (I) the results of Estes' operation, when ovaries are autotransplanted into the uterine lumen in women with blocked or missing Fallopian Tubes and pregnancy ensues; (2) asynchronous embryo transfer when newly fertilized (pronucleate) eggs transplanted to the uterus can generate a pregnancy; (3) the trans-cervical transfer after IVF of early cleavage stage human embryos into the uterus, with subsequent establishment of pregnancy: (4) the trans-cervical transfer of human spermatozoa and oocytes into the uterus to give pregnancy: indicating that capacitation, fertilization and the earliest stages of embryonic development can be achieved in the uterus. In endeavoring to explain contrasts between these successful procedures in primates and their failure in non-primates, perhaps the simplex uterus in primates compared with a bicornuate or bipartite uterus in laboratory and farm species has relevance: there is lack of a clear-cut distinction between the endometrium and endosalpinx in the intra-mural segment and potential mixing of uterine and tubal fluids. Indeed, the latter may explain in part a susceptibility to tubal ectopic pregnancy, coupled with proliferating endometrial fragments in the Fallopian tube.

Sevcan Arzu Arinkan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of the classical method and see fim protocol in detecting microscopic lesions in Fallopian Tubes with gynecological lesions
    Journal of pathology and translational medicine, 2018
    Co-Authors: Selcuk Ayas, Sevcan Arzu Arinkan
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the classical method and Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbriated End Protocol (SEE-FIM) in detecting microscopic lesions in Fallopian Tubes with gynecological lesions. METHODS: From a total of 1,118 cases, 582 with various parts of both Fallopian Tubes sampled in three-ring-shape sections and 536 sampled with the SEE-FIM protocol were included in this study. Pathological findings of cases with endometrial carcinoma, non-uterine pelvic malignant tumor, ovarian borderline tumors, premalignancy, and benign lesions were compared. RESULTS: We detected two tubal infiltrative carcinomas among 40 uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 15 serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas in 39 non-uterine pelvic serous high-grade carcinoma cases, seven papillary tubal hyperplasias in 13 serous borderline tumor cases, and 11 endometriotic foci and four adenomatoid tumors among all cases sampled with the SEE-FIM protocol. Using the classical method, we detected only one serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma in 113 non-uterine pelvic serous high-grade carcinoma cases and two papillary tubal hyperplasia cases in 31 serous borderline tumors. We did not identify additional findings in 185 uterine endometrioid carcinoma cases, and neither endometriotic focus nor adenomatoid tumor was shown in other lesions by the classical method. CONCLUSIONS: Benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions can possibly be missed using the classical method. The SEE-FIM protocol should be considered especially in cases of endometrial carcinoma, nonuterine pelvic serous cancers, or serous borderline ovarian tumors. For other lesions, at least a detailed examination of the fimbrial end should be undertaken.

Ruijin Shao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the regulation of nitric oxide synthase isoform expression in mouse and human Fallopian Tubes potential insights for ectopic pregnancy
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2014
    Co-Authors: Junting Hu, Xin Li, Birgitta Weijdegard, Gencheng Wu, Ruijin Shao, Hakan Billig, Yi Feng
    Abstract:

    Nitric oxide (NO) is highly unstable and has a half-life of seconds in buffer solutions. It is synthesized by NO-synthase (NOS), which has been found to exist in the following three isoforms: neuro nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). NOS activity is localized in the reproductive tracts of many species, although direct evidence for NOS isoforms in the Fallopian Tubes of mice is still lacking. In the present study, we investigated the expression and regulation of NOS isoforms in the mouse and human Fallopian Tubes during the estrous and menstrual cycles, respectively. We also measured isoform expression in humans with ectopic pregnancy and in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results confirmed the presence of different NOS isoforms in the mouse and human Fallopian Tubes during different stages of the estrous and menstrual cycles and showed that iNOS expression increased in the Fallopian Tubes of women with ectopic pregnancy and in LPS-treated mice. Elevated iNOS activity might influence ovulation, cilia beats, contractility, and embryo transportation in such a manner as to increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. This study has provided morphological and molecular evidence that NOS isoforms are present and active in the human and mouse Fallopian Tubes and suggests that iNOS might play an important role in both the reproductive cycle and infection-induced ectopic pregnancies.

  • distinct expression pattern of dicer1 correlates with ovarian derived steroid hormone receptor expression in human Fallopian Tubes during ovulation and the midsecretory phase
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ruijin Shao, Birgitta Weijdegard, Yi Feng, Emil Egecioglu, Julia Fernandezrodriguez, A Norstrom, Elisabet Stenervictorin, Mats Brannstrom, Hakan Billig
    Abstract:

    Cell-specific, stage-dependent regulation of Dicer1 expression correlates with multiple changes in steroid hormone receptor gene and protein expression in human Fallopian Tubes.

  • downregulation of cilia localized il 6rα by 17β estradiol in mouse and human Fallopian Tubes
    American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ruijin Shao, Birgitta Weijdegard, Magdalena Nutu, Linda Karlssonlindahl, Anna Benrick, Susanne Lager, Emil Egecioglu, Julia Fernandezrodriguez, Kristina Gemzelldanielsson, Claes Ohlsson
    Abstract:

    The action of interleukin-6 (IL-6) impacts female reproduction. Although IL-6 was recently shown to inhibit cilia activity in human Fallopian Tubes in vitro, the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-...

  • differences in prolactin receptor prlr in mouse and human Fallopian Tubes evidence for multiple regulatory mechanisms controlling prlr isoform expression in mice
    Biology of Reproduction, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ruijin Shao, Birgitta Weijdegard, Magdalena Nutu, Emil Egecioglu, Julia Fernandezrodriguez, Estelle Tallet, Vincent Goffin, Charlotte Ling
    Abstract:

    Abstract The anterior pituitary-derived hormone prolactin (PRL) signals through the PRL receptor (PRLR) and is important for female reproductive function in mammals. In contrast to the extensive studies of PRLR expression and regulation in human and mouse ovary and uterus, the mechanisms controlling the regulation of PRLR isoform expression in the Fallopian tube are poorly understood. Because dynamic interaction of hormonal signaling in gonadal tissue and the pituitary or in gonadal tissues themselves in mammals suggests endocrine or paracrine regulation of PRLR expression, we questioned whether differential regulation of PRLR isoforms by PRL ovarian-derived estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) exists in the Fallopian tube and pituitary of prepubertal female mice. Western blot analysis showed distinct molecular separation of PRLR isoforms in mouse and human Fallopian Tubes, and cellular localization was found in mouse and human tubal epithelia but not in mouse tubal smooth muscle cells. These data support ...