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Harvey Bolton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationships between soil microbial biomass determined by chloroform fumigation extraction substrate induced respiration and phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Vanessa L Bailey, Jeffrey L. Smith, Aaron D. Peacock, Harvey BoltonAbstract:Abstract The soil microbial biomass (SMB) is responsible for many of the cycles and transformations of nutrients in soils. Three methods of measuring and describing this pool in soil are: (1) chloroform fumigation–extraction (CFE), (2) substrate-induced respiration, and (3) total extractable phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFA). This study was conducted to seek a relationship between microbial PLFA and measures of SMB. Microbial PLFA was best predicted by CFE ( R 2 =0.77); 1 nmol of PLFA corresponded to a flush of 2.4 μg C released by fumigation. This conversion factor will be useful in discussions of microbial populations and diversity and allow comparisons to literature in which only CFE is used to describe the size of the microbial biomass.
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short communication relationships between soil microbial biomass determined by chloroform fumigation extraction substrate induced respiration and phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis
2002Co-Authors: Vanessa L Bailey, Harvey BoltonAbstract:The soil microbial biomass (SMB) is responsible for many of the cycles and transformations of nutrients in soils. Three methods of measuring and describing this pool in soil are: (1) chloroform fumigation –extraction (CFE), (2) substrate-induced respiration, and (3) total extractable phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFA). This study was conducted to seek a relationship between microbial PLFA and measures of SMB. Microbial PLFA was best predicted by CFE ðR 2 ¼ 0:77Þ; 1 nmol of PLFA corresponded to a flush of 2.4 mg C released by fumigation. This conversion factor will be useful in discussions of microbial populations and diversity and allow comparisons to literature in which only
Maritza Sepulveda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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foraging behaviour of the south american sea lion otaria byronia in two disparate ecosystems assessed through blubber Fatty Acid Analysis
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Alicia I Guerrero, Guido Pavez, Macarena Santoscarvallo, Tracey L Rogers, Maritza SepulvedaAbstract:Fatty Acids have been widely used as trophic biomarkers in marine mammals. However, for the South American sea lion, the most abundant otariid in the eastern South Pacific, there is no information about blubber Fatty Acids and their link to diet. Here, we compare Fatty Acid profiles of sea lions from two distinct oceanographic regions in northern and southern Chile. Their Fatty Acids vary greatly between regions, suggesting dietary differences at a spatial scale. The Fatty Acid C22:6ω3 was more abundant in sea lions from the northern region, likely associated with consumption of anchovy, cephalopods, and crustaceans, which are rich in that Fatty Acid, and have been reported as their main prey items. Sea lions from the southern region were richer in C22:1 and C20:1, characteristic of teleost fish, suggesting a piscivorous diet. Males displayed a more diverse Fatty Acid composition than females, suggesting a wider trophic niche. Few individual sea lions within the southern region had unusually high levels of C18:2ω6, commonly found in terrestrial environments. This suggests consumption of farmed salmon, whose diet is usually based on terrestrial sources. This demonstrates how human intervention is being reflected in the tissues of a top predator in a natural environment.
Guido Pavez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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foraging behaviour of the south american sea lion otaria byronia in two disparate ecosystems assessed through blubber Fatty Acid Analysis
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Alicia I Guerrero, Guido Pavez, Macarena Santoscarvallo, Tracey L Rogers, Maritza SepulvedaAbstract:Fatty Acids have been widely used as trophic biomarkers in marine mammals. However, for the South American sea lion, the most abundant otariid in the eastern South Pacific, there is no information about blubber Fatty Acids and their link to diet. Here, we compare Fatty Acid profiles of sea lions from two distinct oceanographic regions in northern and southern Chile. Their Fatty Acids vary greatly between regions, suggesting dietary differences at a spatial scale. The Fatty Acid C22:6ω3 was more abundant in sea lions from the northern region, likely associated with consumption of anchovy, cephalopods, and crustaceans, which are rich in that Fatty Acid, and have been reported as their main prey items. Sea lions from the southern region were richer in C22:1 and C20:1, characteristic of teleost fish, suggesting a piscivorous diet. Males displayed a more diverse Fatty Acid composition than females, suggesting a wider trophic niche. Few individual sea lions within the southern region had unusually high levels of C18:2ω6, commonly found in terrestrial environments. This suggests consumption of farmed salmon, whose diet is usually based on terrestrial sources. This demonstrates how human intervention is being reflected in the tissues of a top predator in a natural environment.
Vanessa L Bailey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationships between soil microbial biomass determined by chloroform fumigation extraction substrate induced respiration and phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Vanessa L Bailey, Jeffrey L. Smith, Aaron D. Peacock, Harvey BoltonAbstract:Abstract The soil microbial biomass (SMB) is responsible for many of the cycles and transformations of nutrients in soils. Three methods of measuring and describing this pool in soil are: (1) chloroform fumigation–extraction (CFE), (2) substrate-induced respiration, and (3) total extractable phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFA). This study was conducted to seek a relationship between microbial PLFA and measures of SMB. Microbial PLFA was best predicted by CFE ( R 2 =0.77); 1 nmol of PLFA corresponded to a flush of 2.4 μg C released by fumigation. This conversion factor will be useful in discussions of microbial populations and diversity and allow comparisons to literature in which only CFE is used to describe the size of the microbial biomass.
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short communication relationships between soil microbial biomass determined by chloroform fumigation extraction substrate induced respiration and phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis
2002Co-Authors: Vanessa L Bailey, Harvey BoltonAbstract:The soil microbial biomass (SMB) is responsible for many of the cycles and transformations of nutrients in soils. Three methods of measuring and describing this pool in soil are: (1) chloroform fumigation –extraction (CFE), (2) substrate-induced respiration, and (3) total extractable phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFA). This study was conducted to seek a relationship between microbial PLFA and measures of SMB. Microbial PLFA was best predicted by CFE ðR 2 ¼ 0:77Þ; 1 nmol of PLFA corresponded to a flush of 2.4 mg C released by fumigation. This conversion factor will be useful in discussions of microbial populations and diversity and allow comparisons to literature in which only
Jeffrey S Buyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high throughput phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis of soils
Applied Soil Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Jeffrey S Buyer, Myron SasserAbstract:Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) Analysis is widely used to measure microbial biomass and community composition in soil and other types of environmental samples. As typically performed, the Analysis involves many steps and 1.5–3 days are required to prepare a small batch (i.e. 20–24 samples and blanks), depending on the exact equipment employed in each laboratory. Gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is then used to analyze the samples, requiring further time to obtain the data. We have developed a method for preparing 96 soil samples and blanks in 1.5 days, a 4- to 5-fold increase in throughput. All drying and centrifuging steps take place in a centrifugal evaporator. Soil samples in test tubes are dried overnight and then a Bligh–Dyer lipid extraction is performed. The extract is dried, dissolved in chloroform, and loaded onto a 96-well solid phase extraction plate. Phospholipids are eluted into glass vials in a 96-well format, dried, and transesterified. The resulting Fatty Acid methyl esters are analyzed by GC and quantified relative to an internal standard. The high throughput protocol uses much smaller solvent volumes than the traditional protocol, which combined with the use of the 96-well format leads to much faster sample preparation. Biomarker PLFA concentrations for 10 different soils were highly correlated, although not identical, between the two protocols. Multivariate Analysis of the PLFA biomarkers indicated that the two protocols produced similar patterns for the different soils. The high throughput protocol may be useful to laboratories performing large numbers of PLFA analyses.
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comparison of substrate utilization assay and Fatty Acid Analysis of soil microbial communities
Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1997Co-Authors: Jeffrey S Buyer, Laurie E DrinkwaterAbstract:Two methods for the characterization of microbial communities in field soil samples were compared. Experimental subplots were established in the Farming Systems Trial at the Rodale Institute Research Center in Kutztown, PA, USA. In the legume system, plots receiving green manure (hairy vetch) were compared to those receiving corn stover and a small amount of rye residue. In the conventional system, samples were collected in plots where corn stover was incorporated. Carbon source utilization profiles were developed using Biolog plates, while total soil Fatty Acids were determined by Fatty Acid methyl ester Analysis. Principal component Analysis and canonical discriminate Analysis were used to analyze the data. The two methods gave similar but not identical results. Management history had more effect than specific crop residue, but temporal effects were greater than treatment effects. Certain shifts in microbial communities were detected by Fatty Acid Analysis but not by carbon utilization assay, suggesting that changes in microbial species composition occurred that were not accompanied by changes in microbial community function.
