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Mohammed Znari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of the Food Habits of the Moroccan Dorcas Gazelle in M’Sabih Talaa, West Central Morocco, Using the trnL Approach
2013Co-Authors: Moulay Abdeljalil, Ait Baamrane, Wasim Shehzad, Ahmed Ouhammou, Abdelaziz Abbad, Mohamed Naimi, Eric Coissac, Pierre Taberlet, Mohammed ZnariAbstract:Food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas massaesyla, previously investigated in the 1980s using microhistological Fecal Analysis, in the M’Sabih Talaa Reserve, west central Morocco, were re-evaluated over three seasons (spring, summer and autumn 2009) using the trnL approach to determine the diet composition and its seasonal variation from Fecal samples. Taxonomic identification was carried out using the identification originating from the database built from EMBL and the list of plant species within the reserve. The total taxonomic richness in the reserve was 130 instead of 171 species in the 1980s. The diet composition revealed to be much more diversified (71 plant taxa belonging to 57 genus and 29 families) than it was 22 years ago (29 identified taxa). Thirty-four taxa were newly identified in the diet while 13 reported in 1986–87 were not found. Moroccan dorcas gazelle showed a high preference to Acacia gummifera, Anagallis arvensis, Glebionis coronaria, Cladanthus arabicus, Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua, Erodium salzmannii, Limonium thouini, Lotus arenarius and Zizyphus lotus. Seasonal variations occurred in both number (40–41 taxa in spring-summer and 49 taxa in autumn vs. respectively 23–22 and 26 in 1986–1987) and taxonomic type of eaten plant taxa. This dietary diversification could be attributed either to the difference in methods of Analysis, trnL approach having a higher taxonomic resolution, or
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Assessment of the Food Habits of the Moroccan Dorcas Gazelle in M’Sabih Talaa, West Central Morocco, Using the trnL Approach
2012Co-Authors: Moulay Abdeljalil Ait Baamrane, Wasim Shehzad, Ahmed Ouhammou, Abdelaziz Abbad, Mohamed Naimi, Eric Coissac, Pierre Taberlet, Mohammed ZnariAbstract:Food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas massaesyla, previously investigated in the 1980s using microhistological Fecal Analysis, in the M’Sabih Talaa Reserve, west central Morocco, were re-evaluated over three seasons (spring, summer and autumn 2009) using the trnL approach to determine the diet composition and its seasonal variation from Fecal samples. Taxonomic identification was carried out using the identification originating from the database built from EMBL and the list of plant species within the reserve. The total taxonomic richness in the reserve was 130 instead of 171 species in the 1980s. The diet composition revealed to be much more diversified (71 plant taxa belonging to 57 genus and 29 families) than it was 22 years ago (29 identified taxa). Thirty-four taxa were newly identified in the diet while 13 reported in 1986–87 were not found. Moroccan dorcas gazelle showed a high preference to Acacia gummifera, Anagallis arvensis, Glebionis coronaria, Cladanthus arabicus, Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua, Erodium salzmannii, Limonium thouini, Lotus arenarius and Zizyphus lotus. Seasonal variations occurred in both number (40–41 taxa in spring-summer and 49 taxa in autumn vs. respectively 23–22 and 26 in 1986–1987) and taxonomic type of eaten plant taxa. This dietary diversification could be attributed either to the difference in methods of Analysis, trnL approach having a higher taxonomic resolution, or a potential change in nutritional quality of plants over time.
Baamrane, Moulay Abdeljalil Ait - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of the Food Habits of the Moroccan Dorcas Gazelle in M'Sabih Talaa, West Central Morocco, Using the trnL Approach
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2012Co-Authors: Baamrane, Moulay Abdeljalil Ait, Shehzad Wasim, Ouhammou Ahmed, Abbad Abdelaziz, Naimi Mohamed, Coissac Eric, Taberlet Pierre, Znari MohammedAbstract:International audienceFood habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas massaesyla, previously investigated in the 1980s using microhistological Fecal Analysis, in the M'Sabih Talaa Reserve, west central Morocco, were re-evaluated over three seasons (spring, summer and autumn 2009) using the trnL approach to determine the diet composition and its seasonal variation from Fecal samples. Taxonomic identification was carried out using the identification originating from the database built from EMBL and the list of plant species within the reserve. The total taxonomic richness in the reserve was 130 instead of 171 species in the 1980s. The diet composition revealed to be much more diversified (71 plant taxa belonging to 57 genus and 29 families) than it was 22 years ago (29 identified taxa). Thirty-four taxa were newly identified in the diet while 13 reported in 1986-87 were not found. Moroccan dorcas gazelle showed a high preference to Acacia gummifera, Anagallis arvensis, Glebionis coronaria, Cladanthus arabicus, Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua, Erodium salzmannii, Limonium thouini, Lotus arenarius and Zizyphus lotus. Seasonal variations occurred in both number (40-41 taxa in spring-summer and 49 taxa in autumn vs. respectively 23-22 and 26 in 1986-1987) and taxonomic type of eaten plant taxa. This dietary diversification could be attributed either to the difference in methods of Analysis, trnL approach having a higher taxonomic resolution, or a potential change in nutritional quality of plants over time
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Data from: Assessment of the food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle in M’Sabih Talaa, West central Morocco, using the trnL approach
2012Co-Authors: Baamrane, Moulay Abdeljalil Ait, Shehzad Wasim, Ouhammou Ahmed, Abbad Abdelaziz, Naimi Mohamed, Coissac Eric, Taberlet Pierre, Znari MohamedAbstract:Food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas massaesyla, previously investigated in the 1980s using microhistological Fecal Analysis, in the M’Sabih Talaa reserve west central Morocco, were re-evaluated over three seasons (spring, summer and autumn 2009) using the trnL approach to determine the diet composition and its seasonal variation from Fecal samples. Taxonomic identification was carried out using the identification originating from the database built from EMBL and the list of plant species within the reserve. The total taxonomic richness in the reserve was 130 instead of 171 species in the 1980s. The diet composition revealed to be much more diversified (71 plant taxa belonging to 57 genus and 29 families) than it was 22 years ago (29 identified taxa). Thirty four taxa were newly identified in the diet while 13 reported in 1986-87 were not found. Moroccan dorcas gazelle showed a high preference to Acacia gummifera, Anagallis arvensis, Glebionis coronaria, Cladanthus arabicus, Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua, Erodium salzmannii, Limonium thouini, Lotus arenarius and Zizyphus lotus. Seasonal variations occurred in both number (40-41 taxa in spring-summer and 49 taxa in autumn vs. respectively 23-22 and 26 in 1986-1987) and taxonomic type of eaten plant taxa. This dietary diversification could be attributed either to the difference in methods of Analysis, trnL approach having a higher taxonomic resolution, or a potential change in nutritional quality of plants over time
Matthew R Mclennan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diet and feeding ecology of chimpanzees pan troglodytes in bulindi uganda foraging strategies at the forest farm interface
International Journal of Primatology, 2013Co-Authors: Matthew R MclennanAbstract:Wild animals increasingly inhabit human-influenced environments such as forest fragments amid agricultural systems. Dietary studies provide a means of assessing wildlife responses to anthropogenic habitat changes. Chimpanzees are specialist frugivores that consume other plant parts, e.g., fibrous pith and leaves, in greater amounts during fruit shortages. I examined the plant diet and seasonal foraging strategies of chimpanzees inhabiting small forest fragments within a cultivated landscape in Uganda. I determined diet over 13 mo via systematic Fecal Analysis, supplemented by direct observation and feeding trace evidence. I identified important foods and examined their role as seasonal fallbacks. Diet composition and breadth were overall species typical. Chimpanzees were highly frugivorous and the fruit component of Fecal samples exceeded that of nonfruit fiber in all months. Forest fruit availability fluctuated seasonally, including a 3-mo low fruiting season, when overall fruit intake declined. During this time chimpanzees pursued a mixed strategy of increasing fiber consumption and feeding more heavily on energy-rich cultivars, including those obtained through crop raiding. The data suggest that exploiting agricultural fruits helped chimpanzees maintain a fruit-dominated diet when forest fruit was scarce. No evidence suggested this disturbed forest–farm mosaic is a food-impoverished habitat for chimpanzees overall. Nevertheless, cultivar feeding creates conflict with people and the high nutritional quality of crops is likely offset by the inherent risk associated with obtaining them. This study adds to growing evidence of ecological and behavioral adaptability of Pan troglodytes in response to anthropogenic habitat alteration. Targeted conservation of key natural foods for wildlife —particularly fallbacks— would help reduce conflicts and improve the survival prospects of threatened species sharing environments with people.
Timothy H. Webster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selective insectivory at toro semliki uganda comparative analyses suggest no savanna chimpanzee pattern
Journal of Human Evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Linda F Marchant, Charlotte L R Payne, Timothy H. Webster, William C. Mcgrew, Kevin D. HuntAbstract:Abstract Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) insectivory across Africa is ubiquitous. Insects provide a significant nutritional payoff and may be important for chimpanzees in dry, open habitats with narrow diets. We tested this hypothesis at Semliki, Uganda, a long-term dry study site. We evaluated prospects for insectivory by measuring insect abundance along de novo transects and trails, monitoring social insect colonies, and surveying available raw materials for elementary technology. We determined the frequency and nature of insectivory through behavioral observation and Fecal Analysis. We then compared our results with those from 15 other long-term chimpanzee study sites using a cluster Analysis. We found that Semliki chimpanzees are one of the most insectivorous populations studied to date in terms of frequency of consumption, but they are very selective in their insectivory, regularly consuming only weaver ants (Oecophylla longinoda) and honey and bees from hives of Apis mellifera. This selectivity obtains despite having a full range of typical prey species available in harvestable quantities. We suggest that Semliki chimpanzees may face ecological time constraints and therefore bias their predation toward prey taxa that can be quickly consumed. Geographical proximity correlated with the results of the cluster Analysis, while rainfall, a relatively gross measure of environment, did not. Because broad taxonomic groups of insects were used in analyses, prey availability was unlikely to have a strong effect on this pattern. Instead, we suggest that transmission of cultural knowledge may play a role in determining chimpanzee prey selection across Africa. Further study is needed to test these hypotheses.
Jennifer C C Neale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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foraging strategy of a generalist predator toward a special prey coyote predation on sheep
Ecological Applications, 2002Co-Authors: Benjamin N Sacks, Jennifer C C NealeAbstract:How predators select domestic relative to wild prey is of relevance to dep- redation management and presents opportunities to investigate foraging theory as applied to mammalian carnivores. Domestic prey have numerous qualities that should increase their energy value to predators relative to wild prey. However, whether a predator specializes on domestic prey should also depend on the relative importance of energy efficiency and nonfood-related activities to the predator's fitness, as well as the composition of the alter- native prey base. We used radiotelemetry, carcass surveys, and Fecal Analysis to investigate (1) whether breeding coyotes killed sheep disproportionately to sheep abundance, (2) wheth- er coyotes consumed wild prey disproportionately to wild prey abundances, and (3) the effects of sheep abundance on consumption of five principal wild prey. Coyote pairs killed sheep in proportion to sheep abundance within territories, suggesting that coyotes did not specialize on sheep. Occurrences in scats of four small wild mammalian prey were not significantly correlated with abundance of sheep in territories, but occurrence of deer in scats was negatively correlated with abundance of sheep in territories. Small prey generally comprised a minor portion of the coyote diet. During the lambing period, consumption of deer was lower where sheep were available than where they were not and was inversely correlated over time with sheep predation rate. During the non-lambing period, when only larger sheep were present, consumption of deer was similar where sheep were available and where they were not, and there was no significant relationship between monthly con- sumption of deer and sheep predation rate. Because coyotes did not specialize on sheep, lambs, or any other prey, these results suggest that their foraging strategy emphasized minimizing time spent with food acquisition over maximizing net energy gain.
