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Solveig Langsrud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Micro ecosystems from Feed Industry surfaces: a survival and biofilm study of Salmonellaversus host resident flora strains
BMC Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Olivier Habimana, Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, Solveig Langsrud, Even HeirAbstract:Background The presence of Salmonella enterica serovars in Feed ingredients, products and processing facilities is a well recognized problem worldwide. In Norwegian Feed factories, strict control measures are implemented to avoid establishment and spreading of Salmonella throughout the processing chain. There is limited knowledge on the presence and survival of the resident microflora in Feed production plants. Information on interactions between Salmonella and other bacteria in Feed production plants and how they affect survival and biofilm formation of Salmonella is also limited. The aim of this study was to identify resident microbiota found in Feed production environments, and to compare the survival of resident flora strains and Salmonella to stress factors typically found in Feed processing environments. Moreover, the role of dominant resident flora strains in the biofilm development of Salmonella was determined. Results Surface microflora characterization from two Feed productions plants, by means of 16 S rDNA sequencing, revealed a wide diversity of bacteria. Survival, disinfection and biofilm formation experiments were conducted on selected dominant resident flora strains and Salmonella . Results showed higher survival properties by resident flora isolates for desiccation, and disinfection compared to Salmonella isolates. Dual-species biofilms favored Salmonella growth compared to Salmonella in mono-species biofilms, with biovolume increases of 2.8-fold and 3.2-fold in the presence of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas , respectively. Conclusions These results offer an overview of the microflora composition found in Feed Industry processing environments, their survival under relevant stresses and their potential effect on biofilm formation in the presence of Salmonella . Eliminating the establishment of resident flora isolates in Feed Industry surfaces is therefore of interest for impeding conditions for Salmonella colonization and growth on Feed Industry surfaces. In-depth investigations are still needed to determine whether resident flora has a definite role in the persistence of Salmonella in Feed processing environments.
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Survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient Salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Background Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella , with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. Results When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. Conclusion The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella, with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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evaluation of efficacy of disinfectants against salmonella from the Feed Industry
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, S E Storheim, K Kotlarz, Solveig LangsrudAbstract:Aims: To evaluate disinfectants against Salmonella under conditions relevant for the Feed Industry. Materials and Results: A survey on the use of disinfectants in Feed Industry showed that a range of different types was used. Nine disinfectants, reflecting the most commonly used active ingredients, were tested for bactericidal activity on Salmonella isolated from the Feed Industry. All disinfectants were efficient against Salmonella in suspension. The bactericidal effect varied considerably between different types of active compounds on bacteria dried on surfaces or grown as biofilm. Tenside-based disinfectants and hypochlorite were found to have low bactericidal activity and the efficiency was significantly reduced when the ratio of amount disinfectant per cell decreased. It was shown that concentrations of 70–80% ethanol were effective against Salmonella. Among the disinfectants tested a product containing 70% ethanol was most efficient followed by Virkon S. Conclusions: Many disinfectants had low bactericidal activity against Salmonella at surfaces while Virkon S and a product containing 70% ethanol were most effective. Another advantage of ethanol-based disinfectants is evaporation of ethanol, resulting in low residual water after use. Significance and Impact of the Study: Use of the disinfectants found to be efficient against surface associated Salmonella, may assist the Industry in combating Salmonella.
Ton G Bruggeling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relations between respiratory symptoms and sickness among workers in the animal Feed Industry
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Wendel K Post, Alex Burdorf, Ton G BruggelingAbstract:OBJECTIVE--The survey aimed at studying the associations between prevalent respiratory symptoms in an occupational population and sickness absence due to respiratory disorders. METHODS--A cross sectional survey among male workers in an animal Feed mill was conducted. A total of 303 production workers and 102 office clerks completed a questionnaire on respiratory complaints, smoking habits, and occupational history. The questionnaire was used to identify workers with respiratory symptoms in the past 12 months. During this period all spells of sickness absence were recorded. Causes of sickness were classified in broad categories encompassing respiratory symptoms, influenza, musculoskeletal disorders, and others. RESULTS--Logistic regression analysis showed that workers with respiratory complaints experienced a higher sickness absence than those without respiratory complaints. Adjusted for age and smoking the odds ratio (OR) for sickness prevalence was 1.9 among office clerks and 2.6 among blue collar workers. Smoking increased the risk on sickness absence with ORs of 2.4 and 1.6, respectively. When restricting the analysis to sickness due to respiratory complaints, subjects with respiratory complaints had significantly higher risks for absence prevalence and absence rate than those without respiratory complaints. There were no differences in sickness absence between workers with asthma like complaints and those with chronic bronchitis like complaints. CONCLUSION--The clear associations between respiratory complaints and prevalence and rate of respiratory sickness absence indicate that workers with respiratory complaints are at risk of temporary disability and, thus, may experience a reduced ability to cope with routine activities at work.
Trond Moretro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Micro ecosystems from Feed Industry surfaces: a survival and biofilm study of Salmonellaversus host resident flora strains
BMC Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Olivier Habimana, Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, Solveig Langsrud, Even HeirAbstract:Background The presence of Salmonella enterica serovars in Feed ingredients, products and processing facilities is a well recognized problem worldwide. In Norwegian Feed factories, strict control measures are implemented to avoid establishment and spreading of Salmonella throughout the processing chain. There is limited knowledge on the presence and survival of the resident microflora in Feed production plants. Information on interactions between Salmonella and other bacteria in Feed production plants and how they affect survival and biofilm formation of Salmonella is also limited. The aim of this study was to identify resident microbiota found in Feed production environments, and to compare the survival of resident flora strains and Salmonella to stress factors typically found in Feed processing environments. Moreover, the role of dominant resident flora strains in the biofilm development of Salmonella was determined. Results Surface microflora characterization from two Feed productions plants, by means of 16 S rDNA sequencing, revealed a wide diversity of bacteria. Survival, disinfection and biofilm formation experiments were conducted on selected dominant resident flora strains and Salmonella . Results showed higher survival properties by resident flora isolates for desiccation, and disinfection compared to Salmonella isolates. Dual-species biofilms favored Salmonella growth compared to Salmonella in mono-species biofilms, with biovolume increases of 2.8-fold and 3.2-fold in the presence of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas , respectively. Conclusions These results offer an overview of the microflora composition found in Feed Industry processing environments, their survival under relevant stresses and their potential effect on biofilm formation in the presence of Salmonella . Eliminating the establishment of resident flora isolates in Feed Industry surfaces is therefore of interest for impeding conditions for Salmonella colonization and growth on Feed Industry surfaces. In-depth investigations are still needed to determine whether resident flora has a definite role in the persistence of Salmonella in Feed processing environments.
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Survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient Salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Background Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella , with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. Results When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. Conclusion The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella, with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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evaluation of efficacy of disinfectants against salmonella from the Feed Industry
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, S E Storheim, K Kotlarz, Solveig LangsrudAbstract:Aims: To evaluate disinfectants against Salmonella under conditions relevant for the Feed Industry. Materials and Results: A survey on the use of disinfectants in Feed Industry showed that a range of different types was used. Nine disinfectants, reflecting the most commonly used active ingredients, were tested for bactericidal activity on Salmonella isolated from the Feed Industry. All disinfectants were efficient against Salmonella in suspension. The bactericidal effect varied considerably between different types of active compounds on bacteria dried on surfaces or grown as biofilm. Tenside-based disinfectants and hypochlorite were found to have low bactericidal activity and the efficiency was significantly reduced when the ratio of amount disinfectant per cell decreased. It was shown that concentrations of 70–80% ethanol were effective against Salmonella. Among the disinfectants tested a product containing 70% ethanol was most efficient followed by Virkon S. Conclusions: Many disinfectants had low bactericidal activity against Salmonella at surfaces while Virkon S and a product containing 70% ethanol were most effective. Another advantage of ethanol-based disinfectants is evaporation of ethanol, resulting in low residual water after use. Significance and Impact of the Study: Use of the disinfectants found to be efficient against surface associated Salmonella, may assist the Industry in combating Salmonella.
Live L Nesse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Micro ecosystems from Feed Industry surfaces: a survival and biofilm study of Salmonellaversus host resident flora strains
BMC Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Olivier Habimana, Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, Solveig Langsrud, Even HeirAbstract:Background The presence of Salmonella enterica serovars in Feed ingredients, products and processing facilities is a well recognized problem worldwide. In Norwegian Feed factories, strict control measures are implemented to avoid establishment and spreading of Salmonella throughout the processing chain. There is limited knowledge on the presence and survival of the resident microflora in Feed production plants. Information on interactions between Salmonella and other bacteria in Feed production plants and how they affect survival and biofilm formation of Salmonella is also limited. The aim of this study was to identify resident microbiota found in Feed production environments, and to compare the survival of resident flora strains and Salmonella to stress factors typically found in Feed processing environments. Moreover, the role of dominant resident flora strains in the biofilm development of Salmonella was determined. Results Surface microflora characterization from two Feed productions plants, by means of 16 S rDNA sequencing, revealed a wide diversity of bacteria. Survival, disinfection and biofilm formation experiments were conducted on selected dominant resident flora strains and Salmonella . Results showed higher survival properties by resident flora isolates for desiccation, and disinfection compared to Salmonella isolates. Dual-species biofilms favored Salmonella growth compared to Salmonella in mono-species biofilms, with biovolume increases of 2.8-fold and 3.2-fold in the presence of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas , respectively. Conclusions These results offer an overview of the microflora composition found in Feed Industry processing environments, their survival under relevant stresses and their potential effect on biofilm formation in the presence of Salmonella . Eliminating the establishment of resident flora isolates in Feed Industry surfaces is therefore of interest for impeding conditions for Salmonella colonization and growth on Feed Industry surfaces. In-depth investigations are still needed to determine whether resident flora has a definite role in the persistence of Salmonella in Feed processing environments.
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Survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient Salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Background Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella , with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. Results When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. Conclusion The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella, with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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evaluation of efficacy of disinfectants against salmonella from the Feed Industry
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, S E Storheim, K Kotlarz, Solveig LangsrudAbstract:Aims: To evaluate disinfectants against Salmonella under conditions relevant for the Feed Industry. Materials and Results: A survey on the use of disinfectants in Feed Industry showed that a range of different types was used. Nine disinfectants, reflecting the most commonly used active ingredients, were tested for bactericidal activity on Salmonella isolated from the Feed Industry. All disinfectants were efficient against Salmonella in suspension. The bactericidal effect varied considerably between different types of active compounds on bacteria dried on surfaces or grown as biofilm. Tenside-based disinfectants and hypochlorite were found to have low bactericidal activity and the efficiency was significantly reduced when the ratio of amount disinfectant per cell decreased. It was shown that concentrations of 70–80% ethanol were effective against Salmonella. Among the disinfectants tested a product containing 70% ethanol was most efficient followed by Virkon S. Conclusions: Many disinfectants had low bactericidal activity against Salmonella at surfaces while Virkon S and a product containing 70% ethanol were most effective. Another advantage of ethanol-based disinfectants is evaporation of ethanol, resulting in low residual water after use. Significance and Impact of the Study: Use of the disinfectants found to be efficient against surface associated Salmonella, may assist the Industry in combating Salmonella.
Lene K Vestby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Micro ecosystems from Feed Industry surfaces: a survival and biofilm study of Salmonellaversus host resident flora strains
BMC Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Olivier Habimana, Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, Solveig Langsrud, Even HeirAbstract:Background The presence of Salmonella enterica serovars in Feed ingredients, products and processing facilities is a well recognized problem worldwide. In Norwegian Feed factories, strict control measures are implemented to avoid establishment and spreading of Salmonella throughout the processing chain. There is limited knowledge on the presence and survival of the resident microflora in Feed production plants. Information on interactions between Salmonella and other bacteria in Feed production plants and how they affect survival and biofilm formation of Salmonella is also limited. The aim of this study was to identify resident microbiota found in Feed production environments, and to compare the survival of resident flora strains and Salmonella to stress factors typically found in Feed processing environments. Moreover, the role of dominant resident flora strains in the biofilm development of Salmonella was determined. Results Surface microflora characterization from two Feed productions plants, by means of 16 S rDNA sequencing, revealed a wide diversity of bacteria. Survival, disinfection and biofilm formation experiments were conducted on selected dominant resident flora strains and Salmonella . Results showed higher survival properties by resident flora isolates for desiccation, and disinfection compared to Salmonella isolates. Dual-species biofilms favored Salmonella growth compared to Salmonella in mono-species biofilms, with biovolume increases of 2.8-fold and 3.2-fold in the presence of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas , respectively. Conclusions These results offer an overview of the microflora composition found in Feed Industry processing environments, their survival under relevant stresses and their potential effect on biofilm formation in the presence of Salmonella . Eliminating the establishment of resident flora isolates in Feed Industry surfaces is therefore of interest for impeding conditions for Salmonella colonization and growth on Feed Industry surfaces. In-depth investigations are still needed to determine whether resident flora has a definite role in the persistence of Salmonella in Feed processing environments.
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Survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient Salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Background Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella , with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. Results When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. Conclusion The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient salmonella from the Feed Industry
BMC Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Lene K Vestby, Trond Moretro, Solveig Langsrud, Simon Ballance, Live L NesseAbstract:Biofilm has been shown to be one way for Salmonella to persist in the Feed factory environment. Matrix components, such as fimbriae and cellulose, have been suggested to play an important role in the survival of Salmonella in the environment. Multicellular behaviour by Salmonella is often categorized according to colony morphology into rdar (red, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and cellulose, bdar (brown, dry and rough) expressing curli fimbriae and pdar (pink, dry and rough) expressing cellulose. The aim of the study was to look into the distribution of morphotypes among Feed and fish meal factory strains of Salmonella, with emphasis on potential differences between morphotypes with regards to survival in the Feed factory environment. When screening a total of 148 Salmonella ser. Agona, Salmonella ser. Montevideo, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium strains of Feed factory, human clinical and reference collection origin, as many as 99% were able to express rough morphology (rdar or bdar). The dominant morphotype was rdar (74%), however as many as 55% of Salmonella ser. Agona and 19% of Salmonella ser. Senftenberg displayed the bdar morphology. Inconsistency in Calcofluor binding, indicating expression of cellulose, was found among 25% of all the strains tested, however Salmonella ser. Agona showed to be highly consistent in Calcofluor binding (98%). In biofilm, Salmonella ser. Agona strains with bdar mophology was found to be equally tolerant to disinfection treatment as strains with rdar morphotype. However, rdar morphology appeared to be favourable in long term survival in biofilm in a very dry environment. Chemical analysis showed no major differences in polysaccharide content between bdar and rdar strains. Our results indicate that cellulose is not a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix. The bdar morphotype is common among Salmonella ser. Agona strains isolated from the factory environment. The rdar and the bdar strains were found to be equally tolerant to disinfectants, while the rdar strain was found to be more tolerant to long-term desiccation and nutrient depletion in biofilm than the bdar strain. Cellulose does not appear to be a major component of the Salmonella biofilm matrix.
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evaluation of efficacy of disinfectants against salmonella from the Feed Industry
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Trond Moretro, Lene K Vestby, Live L Nesse, S E Storheim, K Kotlarz, Solveig LangsrudAbstract:Aims: To evaluate disinfectants against Salmonella under conditions relevant for the Feed Industry. Materials and Results: A survey on the use of disinfectants in Feed Industry showed that a range of different types was used. Nine disinfectants, reflecting the most commonly used active ingredients, were tested for bactericidal activity on Salmonella isolated from the Feed Industry. All disinfectants were efficient against Salmonella in suspension. The bactericidal effect varied considerably between different types of active compounds on bacteria dried on surfaces or grown as biofilm. Tenside-based disinfectants and hypochlorite were found to have low bactericidal activity and the efficiency was significantly reduced when the ratio of amount disinfectant per cell decreased. It was shown that concentrations of 70–80% ethanol were effective against Salmonella. Among the disinfectants tested a product containing 70% ethanol was most efficient followed by Virkon S. Conclusions: Many disinfectants had low bactericidal activity against Salmonella at surfaces while Virkon S and a product containing 70% ethanol were most effective. Another advantage of ethanol-based disinfectants is evaporation of ethanol, resulting in low residual water after use. Significance and Impact of the Study: Use of the disinfectants found to be efficient against surface associated Salmonella, may assist the Industry in combating Salmonella.