The Experts below are selected from a list of 60 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stuart D. Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Foal immunodeficiency syndrome: carrier testing has markedly reduced disease incidence.
Veterinary Record, 2013Co-Authors: Stuart D. Carter, L. Y. Fox-clipsham, Robert M. Christley, June E SwinburneAbstract:Foal immunodeficiency syndrome (FIS), a fatal autosomal recessive disease found in three breeds of horses, was first reported (in the Fell Pony) in 1996, and it soon became apparent that significant numbers of syndrome foals were being born each year. In each FIS case, the foals are clinically normal at birth, but start to weaken at 2–8 weeks (Scholes and others 1998) as they develop profound anaemia (Dixon and others 2000) and do not have the ability to produce their own antibodies (Thomas and others 2005), due to the almost total lack of B lymphocytes in the circulation or tissues (Thomas and others 2003), but with apparently normal levels of functional T lymphocytes (Bell and others 2001). The outcome is persistent opportunistic infections with no effective treatment; euthanasia is the preferred option. FIS has also been reported in Fell ponies in The Netherlands (Butler and others 2006), Germany (May and others 2011) and USA (Gardner and others 2006). In 2009, we confirmed a case of FIS in a Dales Pony foal (Fox-Clipsham and others 2009). The search for the genetic lesion thus became paramount, as the carrier parents were clinically normal, and it was feared that there could be high carrier …
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Population screening of endangered horse breeds for the foal immunodeficiency syndrome mutation
Veterinary Record, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Y Fox-clipsham, Stuart D. Carter, E. E. Brown, June E SwinburneAbstract:The Fell and Dales are UK Pony breeds that have small populations and may be at risk from in-breeding and inherited diseases. Foal immunodeficiency syndrome (FIS) is a lethal inherited disease caused by the recessive mutation of a single gene, which affects both Fell and Dales ponies and potentially other breeds that have interbred with either of these. FIS, previously known as Fell Pony syndrome, is characterised by progressive anaemia and severe B lymphocyte deficiency. The identification of the causal mutation for this disease led to the recent development of a DNA-based carrier test. In this study, the authors used this test to estimate the prevalence of the FIS mutation in the Fell and Dales populations, revealing that approximately 18 per cent of adult Dales ponies and 38 per cent of adult Fell ponies are carriers of the FIS defect. In addition, a study of five potential at-risk breeds was conducted to assess the transfer of the FIS defect into these populations. Of the 192 coloured ponies tested, two were confirmed as FIS carriers: No carriers were found among 210 Clydesdales, 208 Exmoor ponies, 161 Welsh section D, 49 part-bred Welsh section D and 183 Highland ponies.
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Immunoglobulin and peripheral B-lymphocyte concentrations in Fell Pony foal syndrome.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010Co-Authors: G. W. Thomas, S. C. Bell, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:Summary Reasons for performing study: Fell Pony foals are affected by a congenital fatal disease that leads to profound anaemia and immunodeficiency. Previous studies comparing healthy and affected foals have shown normal T-cell populations, but a severe B-lymphopenia. Objectives: To measure the levels of individual immunoglobulin subisotypes in normal and affected Fell ponies and correlate these levels with the number of peripheral B-lymphocytes. Methods: Serum levels of individual immunoglobulin subisotypes were measured by ELISA and correlated with the number of peripheral B-lymphocytes (measured by flow cytometry). Results: Affected foals had significantly reduced serum levels of IgM, IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) that coincided with the normal reduction in maternally derived immunoglobulin in foals and, with the exception of IgGb, correlated strongly with the B-lymphopenia. Conclusions: These data suggest that affected foals are unable to produce their own immunoglobulins. Therefore, once maternal immunity has waned, it may be the lack of specific foal-derived immunoglobulin that gives rise to the clinical signs of immunodeficiency. Potential relevance: Measurement of IgM after age 4 weeks may provide a more accessible means of confirming the status of future affected Fell Pony foals than the measurement of B-lymphocytes (a technique limited to a few specialist laboratories).
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An immunodeficiency in Fell ponies: a preliminary study into cellular responses.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010Co-Authors: S. C. Bell, Peter J. Taylor, Derek C. Knottenbelt, C. Savidge, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:Summary A putative immunodeficiency, causing mortality in UK Fell Pony foals (Fell Pony syndrome), was studied in affected foals and compared with healthy, age-matched foals. Differential cell counts of peripheral blood indicated that the syndrome foals were lymphopenic (P
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Immunodeficiency/anaemia syndrome in a Dales Pony
Veterinary Record, 2009Co-Authors: Laura Y Fox-clipsham, Derek C. Knottenbelt, June E Swinburne, R. Papoula-pereira, A. S. Blunden, F. Malalana, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:THE syndrome of anaemia and immunodeficiency was first recognised in Fell Pony foals in the UK in 1997 (Scholes and others 1998) and has since been reported in the same breed in the Netherlands (Butler and others 2006) and the USA (Gardner and others 2006); there have been no reports of the syndrome in any other horse breed. Affected foals are apparently normal at birth, but the disease first manifests at two to six weeks of age; the reported characteristic clinical signs include weakness, dyspnoea, nasal discharge, poor growth, reduced appetite, diarrhoea and pale gums. A profound and progressive fall in red blood cell count (packed cell value [PCV]
June E Swinburne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Foal immunodeficiency syndrome: carrier testing has markedly reduced disease incidence.
Veterinary Record, 2013Co-Authors: Stuart D. Carter, L. Y. Fox-clipsham, Robert M. Christley, June E SwinburneAbstract:Foal immunodeficiency syndrome (FIS), a fatal autosomal recessive disease found in three breeds of horses, was first reported (in the Fell Pony) in 1996, and it soon became apparent that significant numbers of syndrome foals were being born each year. In each FIS case, the foals are clinically normal at birth, but start to weaken at 2–8 weeks (Scholes and others 1998) as they develop profound anaemia (Dixon and others 2000) and do not have the ability to produce their own antibodies (Thomas and others 2005), due to the almost total lack of B lymphocytes in the circulation or tissues (Thomas and others 2003), but with apparently normal levels of functional T lymphocytes (Bell and others 2001). The outcome is persistent opportunistic infections with no effective treatment; euthanasia is the preferred option. FIS has also been reported in Fell ponies in The Netherlands (Butler and others 2006), Germany (May and others 2011) and USA (Gardner and others 2006). In 2009, we confirmed a case of FIS in a Dales Pony foal (Fox-Clipsham and others 2009). The search for the genetic lesion thus became paramount, as the carrier parents were clinically normal, and it was feared that there could be high carrier …
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Population screening of endangered horse breeds for the foal immunodeficiency syndrome mutation
Veterinary Record, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Y Fox-clipsham, Stuart D. Carter, E. E. Brown, June E SwinburneAbstract:The Fell and Dales are UK Pony breeds that have small populations and may be at risk from in-breeding and inherited diseases. Foal immunodeficiency syndrome (FIS) is a lethal inherited disease caused by the recessive mutation of a single gene, which affects both Fell and Dales ponies and potentially other breeds that have interbred with either of these. FIS, previously known as Fell Pony syndrome, is characterised by progressive anaemia and severe B lymphocyte deficiency. The identification of the causal mutation for this disease led to the recent development of a DNA-based carrier test. In this study, the authors used this test to estimate the prevalence of the FIS mutation in the Fell and Dales populations, revealing that approximately 18 per cent of adult Dales ponies and 38 per cent of adult Fell ponies are carriers of the FIS defect. In addition, a study of five potential at-risk breeds was conducted to assess the transfer of the FIS defect into these populations. Of the 192 coloured ponies tested, two were confirmed as FIS carriers: No carriers were found among 210 Clydesdales, 208 Exmoor ponies, 161 Welsh section D, 49 part-bred Welsh section D and 183 Highland ponies.
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Immunodeficiency/anaemia syndrome in a Dales Pony
Veterinary Record, 2009Co-Authors: Laura Y Fox-clipsham, Derek C. Knottenbelt, June E Swinburne, R. Papoula-pereira, A. S. Blunden, F. Malalana, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:THE syndrome of anaemia and immunodeficiency was first recognised in Fell Pony foals in the UK in 1997 (Scholes and others 1998) and has since been reported in the same breed in the Netherlands (Butler and others 2006) and the USA (Gardner and others 2006); there have been no reports of the syndrome in any other horse breed. Affected foals are apparently normal at birth, but the disease first manifests at two to six weeks of age; the reported characteristic clinical signs include weakness, dyspnoea, nasal discharge, poor growth, reduced appetite, diarrhoea and pale gums. A profound and progressive fall in red blood cell count (packed cell value [PCV]
Derek C. Knottenbelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An immunodeficiency in Fell ponies: a preliminary study into cellular responses.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010Co-Authors: S. C. Bell, Peter J. Taylor, Derek C. Knottenbelt, C. Savidge, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:Summary A putative immunodeficiency, causing mortality in UK Fell Pony foals (Fell Pony syndrome), was studied in affected foals and compared with healthy, age-matched foals. Differential cell counts of peripheral blood indicated that the syndrome foals were lymphopenic (P
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Anaemia, diarrhoea and opportunistic infections in Fell ponies.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010Co-Authors: A. J. M. Richards, Derek C. Knottenbelt, Donald F. Kelly, M. T. Cheeseman, J.b. DixonAbstract:Summary This report summarises clinical and pathological observations on Fell Pony foals with a range of signs that included ill thrift, anaemia, respiratory infection, glossal hyperkeratosis and diarrhoea. Some of the foals had normochromic, normocytic anaemia and some had low levels of plasma proteins, including immunoglobulin G. Antibiotic and supportive treatment was ineffective and all affected foals died or were killed on humane grounds. Postmortem examination of 12 foals and tissues from 2 other foals revealed a range of lesions that included glossal hyperkeratosis, typhlocolitis, intestinal cryptosporidiosis, granulomatous enteritis, proliferative and necrotising bronchiolitis consistent with adenovirus infection; lesions similar to those in the respiratory tract were present in the salivary gland and pancreas of individual foals. Lymphoid tissue was judged to be smaller than expected. These observations suggest the possibility of opportunistic infections secondary to some form of undefined immunocompromised state.
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Immunodeficiency/anaemia syndrome in a Dales Pony
Veterinary Record, 2009Co-Authors: Laura Y Fox-clipsham, Derek C. Knottenbelt, June E Swinburne, R. Papoula-pereira, A. S. Blunden, F. Malalana, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:THE syndrome of anaemia and immunodeficiency was first recognised in Fell Pony foals in the UK in 1997 (Scholes and others 1998) and has since been reported in the same breed in the Netherlands (Butler and others 2006) and the USA (Gardner and others 2006); there have been no reports of the syndrome in any other horse breed. Affected foals are apparently normal at birth, but the disease first manifests at two to six weeks of age; the reported characteristic clinical signs include weakness, dyspnoea, nasal discharge, poor growth, reduced appetite, diarrhoea and pale gums. A profound and progressive fall in red blood cell count (packed cell value [PCV]
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Aid to the antemortem diagnosis of Fell Pony foal syndrome by the analysis of B lymphocytes.
Veterinary Record, 2003Co-Authors: G. W. Thomas, S. C. Bell, Clare J. Phythian, Peter J. Taylor, Derek C. Knottenbelt, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:Fell Pony foals are affected by a congenital fatal immunodeficiency that commonly leads to anaemia and lymphopenia. Previous work has shown that the foals' circulating subpopulations of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes are unaffected. In this study it was shown that the mean population of B lymphocytes in 10 affected foals was less than 10 per cent of that in normal foals.
Laura Y Fox-clipsham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population screening of endangered horse breeds for the foal immunodeficiency syndrome mutation
Veterinary Record, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Y Fox-clipsham, Stuart D. Carter, E. E. Brown, June E SwinburneAbstract:The Fell and Dales are UK Pony breeds that have small populations and may be at risk from in-breeding and inherited diseases. Foal immunodeficiency syndrome (FIS) is a lethal inherited disease caused by the recessive mutation of a single gene, which affects both Fell and Dales ponies and potentially other breeds that have interbred with either of these. FIS, previously known as Fell Pony syndrome, is characterised by progressive anaemia and severe B lymphocyte deficiency. The identification of the causal mutation for this disease led to the recent development of a DNA-based carrier test. In this study, the authors used this test to estimate the prevalence of the FIS mutation in the Fell and Dales populations, revealing that approximately 18 per cent of adult Dales ponies and 38 per cent of adult Fell ponies are carriers of the FIS defect. In addition, a study of five potential at-risk breeds was conducted to assess the transfer of the FIS defect into these populations. Of the 192 coloured ponies tested, two were confirmed as FIS carriers: No carriers were found among 210 Clydesdales, 208 Exmoor ponies, 161 Welsh section D, 49 part-bred Welsh section D and 183 Highland ponies.
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Immunodeficiency/anaemia syndrome in a Dales Pony
Veterinary Record, 2009Co-Authors: Laura Y Fox-clipsham, Derek C. Knottenbelt, June E Swinburne, R. Papoula-pereira, A. S. Blunden, F. Malalana, Stuart D. CarterAbstract:THE syndrome of anaemia and immunodeficiency was first recognised in Fell Pony foals in the UK in 1997 (Scholes and others 1998) and has since been reported in the same breed in the Netherlands (Butler and others 2006) and the USA (Gardner and others 2006); there have been no reports of the syndrome in any other horse breed. Affected foals are apparently normal at birth, but the disease first manifests at two to six weeks of age; the reported characteristic clinical signs include weakness, dyspnoea, nasal discharge, poor growth, reduced appetite, diarrhoea and pale gums. A profound and progressive fall in red blood cell count (packed cell value [PCV]
J.b. Dixon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anaemia, diarrhoea and opportunistic infections in Fell ponies.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010Co-Authors: A. J. M. Richards, Derek C. Knottenbelt, Donald F. Kelly, M. T. Cheeseman, J.b. DixonAbstract:Summary This report summarises clinical and pathological observations on Fell Pony foals with a range of signs that included ill thrift, anaemia, respiratory infection, glossal hyperkeratosis and diarrhoea. Some of the foals had normochromic, normocytic anaemia and some had low levels of plasma proteins, including immunoglobulin G. Antibiotic and supportive treatment was ineffective and all affected foals died or were killed on humane grounds. Postmortem examination of 12 foals and tissues from 2 other foals revealed a range of lesions that included glossal hyperkeratosis, typhlocolitis, intestinal cryptosporidiosis, granulomatous enteritis, proliferative and necrotising bronchiolitis consistent with adenovirus infection; lesions similar to those in the respiratory tract were present in the salivary gland and pancreas of individual foals. Lymphoid tissue was judged to be smaller than expected. These observations suggest the possibility of opportunistic infections secondary to some form of undefined immunocompromised state.
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Discriminant and multiple regression analysis of anemia and opportunistic infection in Fell Pony foals.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2000Co-Authors: J.b. Dixon, Stuart D. Carter, Clare J. Phythian, Peter J. Taylor, Malcolm Savage, Andrew Wattret, Gordon Ross, Donald F. Kelly, Susan Haywood, Andrew R. MacintyreAbstract:A condition resembling acquired immunodeficiency with anemia has been described in British Fell Pony foals. The pathogenesis is unknown. The present study involved 322 foals of which 164 were of Fell breed and 12 were affected. Discriminant and multiple regression analyses were used to test the results of all clinical pathology parameters from these foals for statistical association with (1) breed origin and (2) pres- ence of disease. Only hematocrit associated significantly with presence of disease. However, significant asso- ciations were found with Fell breed origin, including serum albumin concentration and lymphocyte count. The unexpected discovery of sporadic lymphocytosis in the breed indicates the value of this kind of analy- sis and may be evidence that Fell foal immunodeficiency is associated with retroviral infection. (Vet Clin Pathol. 2000;29:84-86) ©2000 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology
