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Bruno Basso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling spatial and temporal optimal n Fertilizer Rates to reduce nitrate leaching while improving grain yield and quality in malting barley
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2021Co-Authors: Davide Cammarano, Bruno Basso, Jonathan Holland, A Gianinetti, Marina Baronchelli, Domenico RongaAbstract:Abstract Barley is one of the most important Scottish crops with major economic implications for the Scottish economy because of its use in whisky and beer production. Managing nitrogen (N) Fertilizer at field scale for barley is difficult because of the complexity to simultaneously achieve profitability, malting quality and reducing N losses to groundwater. The aim of this study was to model spatial and temporal optimal N Fertilizer Rates to reduce nitrate leaching while improving grain yield and quality in malting barley. A calibrated and validated crop growth model (DSSAT) was used to identify the optimal amount of N fertilization Rates to be applied in the field. The optimal amount of N Fertilizer varied between 120 and 140 kg N ha−1 (as average over the 34 years) to maximize the economic return, grain N% and minimize environmental impact. The malting barley premium paid to farmers varies with N content thus affecting marginal net return, with variation ranging from 500 to 2000 GBP ha−1. The use of long-term weather data for the simulations allowed the calculation of outcomes from 34 different growing seasons. This information combined with the different premium levels paid to farmers can be helpful in identifying the possible combinations between grain quality premium-N Fertilizer-weather conditions. Modelling the long-term data showed that the simulated N leaching (kg N ha−1) was highly variable between years and the greatest trade-off was for the amount of N leached. The overall the applied N Fertilizer rate had a strong effect on the risk of a trade-off developing over the 34 different growing seasons.
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a strategic and tactical management approach to select optimal n Fertilizer Rates for wheat in a spatially variable field
European Journal of Agronomy, 2011Co-Authors: Bruno Basso, J T Ritchie, Davide Cammarano, Luigi SartoriAbstract:Abstract Wheat yield and protein content in a field are spatially variable due to inherent variability of soil properties and landscape. In Mediterranean environments yield variability in space and time is caused by irregular weather patterns, particularly rainfall, and by position in the landscape. A tested crop simulation model, SALUS, was used to select optimal nitrogen Fertilizer Rates using strategic and tactical approaches in a spatially variable field where three distinct management zones had been previously identified. The crop model was tested and then used to simulate seven N Rates from 0 to 180 kg N ha−1 with a 30 kg N ha−1 increments for 56 years using historical weather data. The available soil water at the time of N sidedressing each year and each management zone was correlated with yield response to N to evaluate the possibility of using the stored soil water to tactically determine N Rates. Assuming recent production costs and grain prices the simulations helped identify an optimal N rate for each of the zones based on agronomic, economic and environmental sustainability of N management. Results showed the high yielding zone had a maximum economic return and minimal environmental impact in terms of nitrate leaching by applying 90 kg N ha−1annually. On the other hand, the low yielding zone had little economic returns for application higher than 30 kg N ha−1. When simulated soil root-zone water was low at sidedressing, a lower Fertilizer rate increased profit and decreased N leaching in the medium and high yielding zones.
Luigi Sartori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a strategic and tactical management approach to select optimal n Fertilizer Rates for wheat in a spatially variable field
European Journal of Agronomy, 2011Co-Authors: Bruno Basso, J T Ritchie, Davide Cammarano, Luigi SartoriAbstract:Abstract Wheat yield and protein content in a field are spatially variable due to inherent variability of soil properties and landscape. In Mediterranean environments yield variability in space and time is caused by irregular weather patterns, particularly rainfall, and by position in the landscape. A tested crop simulation model, SALUS, was used to select optimal nitrogen Fertilizer Rates using strategic and tactical approaches in a spatially variable field where three distinct management zones had been previously identified. The crop model was tested and then used to simulate seven N Rates from 0 to 180 kg N ha−1 with a 30 kg N ha−1 increments for 56 years using historical weather data. The available soil water at the time of N sidedressing each year and each management zone was correlated with yield response to N to evaluate the possibility of using the stored soil water to tactically determine N Rates. Assuming recent production costs and grain prices the simulations helped identify an optimal N rate for each of the zones based on agronomic, economic and environmental sustainability of N management. Results showed the high yielding zone had a maximum economic return and minimal environmental impact in terms of nitrate leaching by applying 90 kg N ha−1annually. On the other hand, the low yielding zone had little economic returns for application higher than 30 kg N ha−1. When simulated soil root-zone water was low at sidedressing, a lower Fertilizer rate increased profit and decreased N leaching in the medium and high yielding zones.
Samuel Berty Ragheb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advantages of intercropping soybean with maize under two maize plant distributions and three mineral nitrogen Fertilizer Rates
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2015Co-Authors: Moshira Ahmed Elshamy, Tamer I Abdelwahab, Sherif I Abdelwahab, Samuel Berty RaghebAbstract:The advent of further bioengineering for growing soybean with maize holds only promise for the future of the crop intensification field. The present research studied responses of maize crop and its yield attributes to decrease mineral nitrogen (N) inputs by growing soybean with two maize plant distributions under three cropping systems. Local maize variety T.W.C. 310 was grown under intercropping and sole cultures in one row/ridge in one and two plants/hill spaced at 30 and 60cm, respectively, that received three mineral N Fertilizer Rates (4, 5 and 6 g N/plant), while local variety of soybean seeds Giza 82 were drilled in two rows/ridge. A split – split – plot design with three replications was used. Light intensity with in maize canopy, ear leaf N and indole acetic acid (IAA) contents were affected by all the studied factors. Mixed pattern increased grain yields per plant and per ha by 1.56 and 3.98 %, respectively, in comparison with sole culture in addition to yielding 1.74 ton/ha of soybean. Increasing number of plants from one to two plants/hill by increasing plant spacing from 30 to 60 cm increased grain yields per plant and per ha. There were no significant differences between the medium and the highest mineral N Fertilizer Rates for all the studied traits. Soybean improved N use efficiency (NUE) for maize plant of mixed pattern. The mixed pattern had a total yield increase of 29.79 % than sole maize. Growing soybean on both sides of maize ridge that distributed to two plants/hill spaced at 60 cm decreased 47.6 kg N/ha of the recommended mineral N rate of maize plants which formed the best bioengineered treatment under Egyptian conditions.
Amal Mahmoud El Manzlawy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Yield and Quality of Intercropped Sunflower with Soybean Under Different Sunflower Plant Spacings and Slow – Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Sandy Soil
International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Sherif Ibrahim Abdel-wahab, Amal Mahmoud El ManzlawyAbstract:A two – year field trial was conducted in El-Boustan region, South El-Tahrir Province, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt to decrease mineral nitrogen (N) inputs of sunflower and increase yield and quality of the intercrops to achieve farmer's benefit under sandy soil conditions. A split-plot design with three replicates was used. Quality of sunflower and soybean seeds was tested in the laboratories of Seed Technology Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center. For soybean crop, average yield of soybean with sunflower was greater by intercropping soybean with sunflower that spaced at 40 cm in the same ridge. Slow – release N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower did not affect all the studied soybean traits. Also, soybean yield and its attributes were not affected by the interaction between sunflower plant spacing and slow – release N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower. Seed oil content of soybean was increased by increasing sunflower plant spacing from 20 to 40 cm, meanwhile quality of soybean seeds was not affected by slow – release N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower or the interaction between sunflower plant spacing and slow – release N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower. For sunflower crop, intercropping soybean with sunflower that spaced at 20 cm had the highest seed and oil yields per ha compared to the others. All the studied sunflower traits were increased by increasing N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower from 71.4 to 142.8 kg N/ha except number of leaves per plant. The interaction between sunflower plant spacing and slow – release N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower affected significantly all the studied sunflower traits except number of leaves per plant. Quality of sunflower seeds was not affected significantly by sunflower plant spacing but it was increased by increasing N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower from 71.4 to 142.8 kg N/ha. The interaction between sunflower plant spacing and slow – release N Fertilizer Rates of sunflower did not affect quality of sunflower seeds. Land equivalent ratio values for intercrops were much greater than 1.00 indicating less land requirements of intercropping systems than sole sunflower. Farmer's benefit was achieved by intercropping soybean with sunflower plants that spaced at 20 cm between hills (50% soybean + 100% sunflower) and received 75% of the recommended mineral N Fertilizer rate of sunflower under sandy soil conditions.
Seungwoo Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessing nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and split applications using the dssat model for rice irrigated with urban wastewater
Agricultural Water Management, 2014Co-Authors: Hanseok Jeong, Taeil Jang, Chounghyun Seong, Seungwoo ParkAbstract:Abstract When reclaimed wastewater containing more nutrients than conventional irrigation water is used for irrigation, alternative fertilization practices are required for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the nitrogen (N) Fertilizer Rates and split N Fertilizer application on rice yields grown in paddy fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) v4.5 model. The experimental plots employed a randomized complete block design with three treatments and four replications. The three treatments included ground water irrigation plots (GW), untreated wastewater irrigation plots (WW), and reclaimed wastewater irrigation plots (RWW). The input data for the DSSAT model, including weather data, irrigation amount, irrigation water quality, soil data, cropping practice data, and rice yields, were monitored and collected between 2006 and 2009. The DSSAT model was calibrated and validated with observed yield data using the root mean square error (RMSE), normalized RMSE (nRMSE), and the index of agreement (d) for the statistical indices. The values of RMSE, nRMSE, and d were 269–645 kg ha−1, 4.1–11.7%, and 0.94–0.95, respectively, for the calibration period. The calibrated model showed good agreement with the observed rice yields, and the values of RMSE, nRMSE, and d were 155–538 kg ha−1, 2.6–10.4%, and 0.95–0.98, respectively, for the validation period. The simulation results showed that the optimal N Fertilizer rate for paddy field rice irrigated with reclaimed wastewater was considered to be 20–50% less than the standard Fertilizer rate (SFR). Adjusting the split N Fertilizer application rate was demonstrated as being enough to satisfy the target rice yield and resulted in an additional 10–20 kg ha−1 reduction in the amount of N Fertilizer used.