The Experts below are selected from a list of 5727 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert E. Sharwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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engineering chloroplasts to improve rubisco catalysis prospects for translating improvements into food and Fiber Crops
New Phytologist, 2017Co-Authors: Robert E. SharwoodAbstract:494 I. 495 II. 496 III. 496 IV. 499 V. 499 VI. 501 VII. 501 VIII. 502 IX. 505 X. 506 507 References 507 SUMMARY: The uncertainty of future climate change is placing pressure on cropping systems to continue to provide stable increases in productive yields. To mitigate future climates and the increasing threats against global food security, new solutions to manipulate photosynthesis are required. This review explores the current efforts available to improve carbon assimilation within plant chloroplasts by engineering Rubisco, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation. Fixation of CO2 and subsequent cycling of 3-phosphoglycerate through the Calvin cycle provides the necessary carbohydrate building blocks for maintaining plant growth and yield, but has to compete with Rubisco oxygenation, which results in photorespiration that is energetically wasteful for plants. Engineering improvements in Rubisco is a complex challenge and requires an understanding of chloroplast gene regulatory pathways, and the intricate nature of Rubisco catalysis and biogenesis, to transplant more efficient forms of Rubisco into Crops. In recent times, major advances in Rubisco engineering have been achieved through improvement of our knowledge of Rubisco synthesis and assembly, and identifying amino acid catalytic switches in the L-subunit responsible for improvements in catalysis. Improving the capacity of CO2 fixation in Crops such as rice will require further advances in chloroplast bioengineering and Rubisco biogenesis.
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Engineering chloroplasts to improve Rubisco catalysis: prospects for translating improvements into food and Fiber Crops.
The New phytologist, 2016Co-Authors: Robert E. SharwoodAbstract:'Summary' 494 I. 'Introduction' 495 II. 'Prokaryotic ancestry of chloroplasts influences gene regulatory mechanisms' 496 III. 'The target enzyme of CO2 fixation within chloroplasts – Rubisco' 496 IV. 'Oxygenation of RuBP leads to photorespiration and hampers C3 plant photosynthesis' 499 V. 'Exploring nature for improved Rubisco' 499 VI. 'Prospects for improving rice photosynthesis by altering Rubisco catalysis' 501 VII. 'Engineering CO2 assimilation in higher plants by plastid transformation' 501 VIII. 'Direct bioengineering of Rubisco in higher plants' 502 IX. 'The next challenges that need to be met for Rubisco engineering' 505 X. 'Conclusions' 506 'Acknowledgements' 507 References 507 Summary The uncertainty of future climate change is placing pressure on cropping systems to continue to provide stable increases in productive yields. To mitigate future climates and the increasing threats against global food security, new solutions to manipulate photosynthesis are required. This review explores the current efforts available to improve carbon assimilation within plant chloroplasts by engineering Rubisco, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation. Fixation of CO2 and subsequent cycling of 3-phosphoglycerate through the Calvin cycle provides the necessary carbohydrate building blocks for maintaining plant growth and yield, but has to compete with Rubisco oxygenation, which results in photorespiration that is energetically wasteful for plants. Engineering improvements in Rubisco is a complex challenge and requires an understanding of chloroplast gene regulatory pathways, and the intricate nature of Rubisco catalysis and biogenesis, to transplant more efficient forms of Rubisco into Crops. In recent times, major advances in Rubisco engineering have been achieved through improvement of our knowledge of Rubisco synthesis and assembly, and identifying amino acid catalytic switches in the L-subunit responsible for improvements in catalysis. Improving the capacity of CO2 fixation in Crops such as rice will require further advances in chloroplast bioengineering and Rubisco biogenesis.
Shahid Mansoor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Association of a Begomovirus and Nanovirus-like Molecule with Ageratum Yellow Vein Disease in Pakistan.
Plant disease, 2000Co-Authors: Shahid Mansoor, John Stanley, Habibullah Khan, Mazhar Hussain, Yusuf Zafar, Marion S. Pinner, Rob W. Briddon, Peter G. MarkhamAbstract:Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) cause heavy losses to many food and Fiber Crops in Pakistan. Many weeds also show symptoms typical of begomoviruses. Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) is a common perennial weed in Pakistan, growing along irrigation canals, that often shows symptoms, such as yellow vein and mosaic, suggesting infection by a begomovirus. To confirm this, symptomatic and asymptomatic ageratum plants were collected from three locations in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, and total DNA was isolated, subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nylon membrane, and Southern blotted. Total DNA isolated from cotton infected with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), tomato infected with Tomato leaf curl virus from Pakistan (TLCV-Pak), tobacco infected with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) from Nigeria, and healthy tobacco were included as controls. A full-length clone of CLCuV DNA A was labeled with [32P]dCTP by oligo-labeling and hybridized at medium stringency. The prob...
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Evidence that Watermelon Leaf Curl Disease in Pakistan Is Associated with Tomato Leaf Curl Virus-India, a Bipartite Begomovirus.
Plant disease, 2000Co-Authors: Shahid Mansoor, Habibullah Khan, Mazhar Hussain, Yusuf Zafar, N. Mushtaq, Kauser A. MalikAbstract:Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) have emerged as major constraints on food and Fiber Crops worldwide, and there are several examples of begomovirus mobilization in previously unknown host plants. Here we report on evidence that leaf curl disease of watermelon in Pakistan is caused by Tomato leaf curl virus-India (TLCV-India). Leaf curl disease of watermelon, characterized by leaf curling and mottling and stunted plant growth, was observed at several locations in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from three locations, and total DNA was isolated by the cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide method and resolved in agarose gel. A full-length clone of Cotton leaf curl virus DNA A was labeled with [32P]dCTP and used as a general probe in Southern hybridization. The probe detected characteristic geminivirus DNA forms in infected watermelon plants, whereas no signal was detected in asymptomatic plants. The association of a begomovirus was confirmed ...
Supriya Chakraborty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus: An Emerging Virus Complex Threatening Vegetable and Fiber Crops
Viruses, 2017Co-Authors: Enrique Moriones, Shelly Praveen, Supriya ChakrabortyAbstract:The tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) represents an important constraint to tomato production, as it causes the most predominant and economically important disease affecting tomato in the Indian sub-continent. However, in recent years, ToLCNDV has been fast extending its host range and spreading to new geographical regions, including the Middle East and the western Mediterranean Basin. Extensive research on the genome structure, protein functions, molecular biology, and plant–virus interactions of ToLCNDV has been conducted in the last decade. Special emphasis has been given to gene silencing suppression ability in order to counteract host plant defense responses. The importance of the interaction with DNA alphasatellites and betasatellites in the biology of the virus has been demonstrated. ToLCNDV genetic variability has been analyzed, providing new insights into the taxonomy, host adaptation, and evolution of this virus. Recombination and pseudorecombination have been shown as motors of diversification and adaptive evolution. Important progress has also been made in control strategies to reduce disease damage. This review highlights these various achievements in the context of the previous knowledge of begomoviruses and their interactions with plants.
Kauser A. Malik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence that Watermelon Leaf Curl Disease in Pakistan Is Associated with Tomato Leaf Curl Virus-India, a Bipartite Begomovirus.
Plant disease, 2000Co-Authors: Shahid Mansoor, Habibullah Khan, Mazhar Hussain, Yusuf Zafar, N. Mushtaq, Kauser A. MalikAbstract:Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) have emerged as major constraints on food and Fiber Crops worldwide, and there are several examples of begomovirus mobilization in previously unknown host plants. Here we report on evidence that leaf curl disease of watermelon in Pakistan is caused by Tomato leaf curl virus-India (TLCV-India). Leaf curl disease of watermelon, characterized by leaf curling and mottling and stunted plant growth, was observed at several locations in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from three locations, and total DNA was isolated by the cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide method and resolved in agarose gel. A full-length clone of Cotton leaf curl virus DNA A was labeled with [32P]dCTP and used as a general probe in Southern hybridization. The probe detected characteristic geminivirus DNA forms in infected watermelon plants, whereas no signal was detected in asymptomatic plants. The association of a begomovirus was confirmed ...
Serap Aksoy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular characterization and expression patterns of heat shock proteins in Spodoptera littoralis, heat shock or immune response?
Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2020Co-Authors: Aslı Dağeri, Boran Altincicek, Serap AksoyAbstract:The Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), is a major agricultural lepidopterous pest causing extensive damage in a variety of Crops including vegetable, cotton, fodder, and Fiber Crops. Heat shock protein (HSP) family members play important roles in protecting insects against environmental stressors. In this study, we characterized three putative heat shock proteins (SpliHsp70, SpliHsp90, and SpliHSF) from S . littoralis and analyzed their expression levels in response to heat, cold, ultraviolet irradiation, Bacillus thuringiensis , and Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus treatments. Significant upregulation of SpliHsp70 was observed in female pupae, while the highest expression levels of SpliHsp90 and SpliHSF were found in female adults. Heat shock triggered increases in SpliHsp levels compared to cold treatment. SpliHsp90 exhibited the highest expression levels during the first 30 min of UV treatment. Both bacterial and viral pathogenic agents effected the regulation of Hsps in S . littoralis . These findings suggest that SpliHsp genes might play significant roles in the response to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as in the regulation of developmental stages.