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Edward A Kravitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a single social defeat reduces aggression in a highly aggressive strain of drosophila
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Jill K M Penn, Michael Zito, Edward A KravitzAbstract:Genes and prior experience both influence the Behavior of animals, but the relative contribution of each to Fighting Behavior in Drosophila remains unclear. To address this issue, we bred hyperaggressive flies by selecting winners of fights over 34–37 generations. Males of this strain initiate fights sooner, retaliate more often, and regularly defeat opponents from the nonselected parent Canton-S strain. After a defeat, however, these highly aggressive flies lose their second fights against socially naive counterparts. Defeated flies also lunge and retaliate less after experiencing a loss, suggesting that the subsequent losses result from flies becoming less aggressive. Remarkably, flies that were once capable of engaging in high-intensity boxing and tussling patterns of Behavior for extended periods of time often do not even engage in mid-intensity lunging after a single defeat. Furthermore, these formerly highly aggressive flies lose all competitive advantage over nonselected Canton-S after experiencing a loss. Lastly, females were more likely to copulate with males from the nonselected parent line than with the hyperaggressive strain.
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long term consequences of agonistic interactions between socially naive juvenile american lobsters homarus americanus
The Biological Bulletin, 2004Co-Authors: Rachel L Rutishauser, Alo C Basu, Stuart I Cromarty, Edward A KravitzAbstract:Agonistic Behavior of decapod crustaceans occurs in the wild, is highly stereotypical, and is readily quantifiable. Here we explore the persistence of dominance relationships in socially naive juvenile American lobsters (Homarus americanus) by examining the time frame over which be- havior changes as a result of previous fight experience. We paired opponents for three fights: initial; 1 hour later; and after 1, 4, or 7 days of separation. As reported in previous studies, the mean duration of encounters decreased when a dominance relationship had been established. After 1 day of separation, both duration and intensity of encounters re- mained significantly lower compared to the initial fight. At 4 days of separation, the duration of encounters was still significantly reduced, indicating that the Behavior of so- cially naive juvenile lobsters is influenced by fight experi- ence for at least 4 days. Though aggression has been studied extensively, little is known about its underlying neural mechanisms. The pur- pose of the present study was to examine the persistence of Behavioral effects of Fighting experience in socially naive juvenile lobsters (Homarus americanus Milne-Edwards, 1837), as a step toward investigating both the neural sub- strate and ethological relevance of such effects. In socially naive juvenile lobsters, Fighting Behavior is highly stereo- typical, easily evoked, and readily quantifiable (1). In the wild, fights are often short, as size asymmetries and previ- ous experience play an important role in early decision- making (2, 3). In the laboratory, stable dominance relation-
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agonistic Behavior in naive juvenile lobsters depleted of serotonin by 5 7 dihydroxytryptamine
Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 2001Co-Authors: Sarah B Doernberg, Stuart I Cromarty, Ralf Heinrich, Barbara S Beltz, Edward A KravitzAbstract:We have been exploring the role of serotonin in Fighting Behavior in lobsters using a specific model of agonistic Behavior, the establishment of hierarchical relationships between pairs of socially naive juvenile lobsters. We selected this model because the Behavior is easily evoked, readily quantifiable, and the effects of experience are eleminated by using socially naive animals. In these studies we injected a specific neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, into juvenile lobsters over a 4-week period and then measured the effects on Fighting Behavior. This treatment reduces the levels of serotonin in the nervous system and immunocytochemical studies show a dramatic reduction in neuropil staining for the amine. Control animals received vehicle injection alone. All injected animals were paired against larger or smaller non-injected opponents, and three successive 30-min fights were carried out and statistically analyzed. The results were surprising: As with elevations of serotonin, reduced levels of serotonin increased the amount of time animals engaged in Fighting Behavior. No significant effects were seen on who initiated encounters, who retreated first, or who the eventual winner would be. Thus, in this model, elevation or reduction of serotonergic function increases the tendency of animals to engage in agonistic encounters.
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a quantitative analysis of agonistic Behavior in juvenile american lobsters homarus americanus l
Brain Behavior and Evolution, 1995Co-Authors: Robert Huber, Edward A KravitzAbstract:In these studies a quantitative analysis of agonistic (Fighting) Behavior in lobsters is presented as a first step in our attempt to relate patterns of Behavior to underlying neurobiological mechanism
Robert Huber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fighting strategies in crayfish orconectes rusticus decapoda cambaridae differ with hunger state and the presence of food cues
Ethology, 2001Co-Authors: Adam M Stocker, Robert HuberAbstract:Crayfish, bearing dangerous weapons in the form of chelae, resolve intraspecific conflicts using stereotyped Behaviors and structured, escalated encounters. According to predictions of game theory models, any decision to resort to unrestrained combat without prior careful Behavioral assessment of the opponent’s Fighting abilities carries great risks. The present study examines the significance of internal hunger states and the presence of chemical food cues in this decision process using a 2 · 2 factorial design. Hungry crayfish escalated more rapidly, and thus took greater risks, during agonistic encounters, while the presence of a food source reduced the rate at which fights increased in intensity. However, there were no significant diAerences in Fighting Behavior as a result of the interaction between these two variables. We then address the complex tradeoAs that individuals face in Fighting with respect to increased risks of injury, appetitive states, and opportunities for resource access.
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serotonin alters decisions to withdraw in Fighting crayfish astacus astacus the motivational concept revisited
Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: Robert Huber, A DelagoAbstract:The biogenic amine serotonin is thought to play an important role in aggression in many species, including man. This paper summarizes experimental approaches which attempt to link this neuromodulator with Fighting in a crayfish model for which the complex agonistic Behavior is well characterized. Based on a quantitative analysis of Fighting we demonstrate that the infusion of small amounts of serotonin into freely-moving crayfish alters Fighting Behavior by specifically interfering with the timing of a treated animal's decision to withdraw from an encounter. In the presence of added serotonin, fights last considerably longer compared to controls, but no changes were detected in the rules of escalation, the likelihood of initiating an interaction, or its eventual outcome. Attempts to dissect the underlying neuronal mechanisms pharmacologically hinged on fluoxetine as a potent inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake. Although no Behavioral changes were associated with acute infusion of fluoxetine alone, in combination with serotonin it effectively prevented the previously observed fight-enhancing effects. Our data strongly support the significance of functional amine re-uptake mechanisms for Behavior and continued use of this invertebrate model should prove a promising route to unravel further the complex bases of aggression.
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a quantitative analysis of agonistic Behavior in juvenile american lobsters homarus americanus l
Brain Behavior and Evolution, 1995Co-Authors: Robert Huber, Edward A KravitzAbstract:In these studies a quantitative analysis of agonistic (Fighting) Behavior in lobsters is presented as a first step in our attempt to relate patterns of Behavior to underlying neurobiological mechanism
Alessandra Bonassoli Prado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of different opportunities for social interaction on the play Fighting Behavior in male and female golden hamsters mesocricetus auratus
Developmental Psychobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Mauro Luis Vieira, Murilo Pereira Garcia, Debora Driemeyer Wilbert Rau, Alessandra Bonassoli PradoAbstract:After social isolation, animals play significantly more than nonisolated animals. However, it is not always possible to affirm that the effect of the social isolation is due to the lack of play. Experimentally, selective privation has been used, such as allowing the animals to play during periods of the day. In the present study, two experiments were carried out to verify the possible differences in the play Fighting Behavior of golden hamsters that were allowed to have different daily periods of social interaction (10 min, 1 hr, or 2 hr). Through the statistical analysis, it was shown that males play more than females and that periods of up to 2 hr daily for interaction are insufficient to avoid the short-term effects of isolation. It is concluded that a period of daily social interaction greater than 2 hr is needed to offset the effects of social isolation in golden hamsters.
Grazyna Ossowska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of zinc supplementation on imipramine effect in a chronic unpredictable stress cus model in rats
Pharmacological Reports, 2007Co-Authors: Katarzyna Cieślik, Bozena Klenkmajewska, Zofia Danilczuk, Andrzej Wrobel, Tomasz łupina, Grazyna OssowskaAbstract:Zinc is an endogenous modulator of neuronal activity and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Recent studies have shown that zinc exhibits antidepressant-like activity in some models of depression in rodents. Our previous studies have shown that the footshock-induced Fighting Behavior was reduced in the rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). This test is used as the new experimental model of depression. Various antidepressant drugs given repeatedly prevented this kind of Behavioral depression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged treatment with zinc hydroaspartate and to examine if zinc supplementation could modulate the imipramine effect in CUS model of Behavioral depression in rats. The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. Chronic stress (persisting for 16 days) was induced by the modified method described by Katz et al. Zinc hydroaspartate at the dose of 30 mg/kg/day or 15 mg/kg/day and imipramine at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day were administered once daily for 14 days. Imipramine was given (ip) 1 h before every stress session and zinc hydroaspartate (ip) l h before the antidepressant. The footshock-induced Fighting Behavior test was performed 48 h after the last session of the chronic stress. It was demonstrated that in chronically stressed rats the number of Fighting attacks was significantly reduced (by about 75%). Zinc hydroaspartate at the dose of 30 mg/kg/day, given alone, prevented the deficit in Fighting Behavior in chronically stressed rats. Neither imipramine at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day nor zinc hydroaspartate (15 mg/kg/day) administered alone changed the intensity of Fighting Behavior in chronically stressed rats. However, when imipramine was given at the same dose in the rats pretreated with zinc hydroaspartate (15 mg/kg/day) the deficit of Fighting Behavior was not observed. The present results indicate that zinc similarly to antidepressants protects the rats against the CUS-induced Behavioral depression. Moreover, our findings suggest that zinc supplementation could potentiate the antidepressant effect of imipramine.
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antidepressants in chronic unpredictable mild stress cums induced deficit of Fighting Behavior
Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Grazyna Ossowska, Bozena Klenkmajewska, Zofia Danilczuk, Leszek Czajkowski, Iwona ZebrowskałupinaAbstract:Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) is one of the Behavioral models resembling in some respects (loss of normal aggresiveness) human depression. In the present study, consistent with the ethical principles for scientific experiments on animals, we have decided to modify the CUS procedure. In this new modified model named chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), we have introduced mild stressor (14 h period of 45 degrees cage tilt) instead of one severe stressor (20 s exposure to electric footshock). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this new procedure CUMS, similarly to CUS, affected the footshock-induced Fighting Behavior. We have also investigated the effect of antidepressant drugs with different pharmacological profiles (imipramine, mianserin, fluoxetine, moclobemide, tianeptine) and anxiolytic drug (oxazepam) on Fighting Behavior in rats submitted to CUMS. It was found that in rats subjected to CUMS procedure the number of Fighting attacks was significantly reduced (by about 80%). Prolonged treatment (once daily, for 14 days) with imipramine (10 mg/kg/day), tianeptine (12.5 mg/kg/day), mianserin (10 mg/kg/day), moclobemide (50 mg/kg/day), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day), but not oxazepam (5 mg/kg/day) prevented the deficit in Fighting Behavior in rats subjected to CUMS. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that CUMS, similarly to CUS procedure, induced Behavioral deficit in rats which was normalized by antidepressants with a different pharmacological profile.
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repeated treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but not anxiolytics prevents the stress induced deficit of Fighting Behavior
Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: Grazyna Ossowska, Zofia Danilczuk, I Zebrowskalupina, Bozena KlenkmajewskaAbstract:Several animal models of "depression" have been examined. One of them is chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced deficit of Fighting Behavior in rats. In the present study, we compared the effects of two antidepressants (fluoxetine or fluvoxamine) and three anxiolytics (buspirone, lorazepam or oxazepam) on the electric footshock-induced Fighting Behavior in the pairs of male Wistar rats exposed to CUS procedure (16-day application of various unpredictable stressors). It was found that, in chronically stressed rats, the number of Fighting attacks was significantly reduced (by about 70%). Prolonged (for 14 days) treatment of rats with fluoxetine or fluvoxamine (both at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day) counteracted the deficit of aggression induced by the chronic stress. On the contrary, the anxiolytics: lorazepam (0.5 mg/kg/day), oxazepam (5 mg/kg/day) or buspirone (0.2 mg/kg/day) administered for 14 days, did not modify the deficit of Fighting induced by CUS procedure. It must be underlined that prolonged treatment with all used drugs did not change the intensity of Fighting in normal (unstressed) rats. In conclusion, prolonged treatment with antidepressant drugs prevents the CUS-induced deficit of Fighting Behavior, whereas no beneficial effect of anxiolytic agents was found.
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the effect of nmda antagonists on footshock induced Fighting Behavior in chronically stressed rats
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1997Co-Authors: Grazyna Ossowska, Bozena Klenkmajewska, G SzymczykAbstract:In the present study we investigated the effect of two non-competitive antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor: memantine (2.5 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) on electric footshock-induced Fighting Behavior in normal (unstressed) and chronically (14 various stressors over 16 days) stressed rats. In rats submitted to chronic stress the number of Fighting attacks was reduced by about 60%. Prolonged treatment with memantine or MK-801 counteracted the deficit of aggression induced by chronic stress (the same effect was observed after a single dose of MK-801 but not of memantine). The findings of our study demonstrate, that the non-competitive NMDA antagonists can reduce the Behavioral deficits produced by chronic stress, the effect of which is similar to those of antidepressant drugs.
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acute effect of dopamine agonists and some antidepressants in stress induced deficit of Fighting Behavior
Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: Grazyna Ossowska, Bozena Klenkmajewska, I ZebrowskalupinaAbstract:The effect of dopamine (DA) agonists (apomorphine, quinpirole) and three antidepressants (selegiline, nomifensine, imipramine), given in a single dose, on the electric footshock-induced Fighting Behavior was investigated in the control and chronically stressed rats. It was found that 48 h after the last session of chronic stress (various stressors applied for 16 days) the number of shock-induced Fighting attacks was reduced by 50-70% in comparison with the control value. The drugs (except for imipramine), given in a single dose, 48 h after the last session of chronic stress, increased the number of Fighting attacks and restored it to the control or above the control value. The same drugs at doses used, changed neither the intensity of Fighting in the control (unstressed) rats nor the exploratory activity in both groups of animals. It is concluded that the short-lasting dopaminergic activation facilitates the aggressiveness reduced by chronic stress and that this effect does not depend on the locomotor activity level.
Zofia Danilczuk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antidepressants in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced
2013Co-Authors: Pol J. Pharmacol, Zofia Danilczuk, Czajkowski Iwona, B. Klenk, Leszek CzajkowskiAbstract:Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) is one of the Behavioral models resembling in some respects (loss of normal aggresiveness) human depression. In the present study, consistent with the ethical principles for scientific experiments on animals, we have decided to modify the CUS procedure. In this new modified model named chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), we have introduced mild stressor (14 h period of 45 ° cage tilt) instead of one severe stressor (20 s exposure to electric footshock). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this new procedure CUMS, similarly to CUS, affected the footshock-induced Fighting Behavior. We have also investigated the effect of antidepressant drugs with different pharmacological profiles (imipramine, mianserin, fluoxetine, moclobemide, tianeptine) and anxiolytic drug (oxazepam) on Fighting Behavior in rats submitted to CUMS. It was found that in rats subjected to CUMS procedure the number of Fighting attacks was significantly reduced (by about 80%). Prolonged treatment (once daily, for 14 days) with imipramine (10 mg/kg/day), tianeptine (12.5 mg/kg/day), mianserin (10 mg/kg/day), moclobemide (50 mg/kg/day), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day), but not oxazepam (5 mg/kg/day) prevented the deficit in Fighting Behavior in rats subjected to CUMS. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that CUMS, similarly to CUS procedure, induced Behavioral deficit in rats which was normalized by antidepressants with a different pharmacological profile
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influence of zinc supplementation on imipramine effect in a chronic unpredictable stress cus model in rats
Pharmacological Reports, 2007Co-Authors: Katarzyna Cieślik, Bozena Klenkmajewska, Zofia Danilczuk, Andrzej Wrobel, Tomasz łupina, Grazyna OssowskaAbstract:Zinc is an endogenous modulator of neuronal activity and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Recent studies have shown that zinc exhibits antidepressant-like activity in some models of depression in rodents. Our previous studies have shown that the footshock-induced Fighting Behavior was reduced in the rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). This test is used as the new experimental model of depression. Various antidepressant drugs given repeatedly prevented this kind of Behavioral depression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged treatment with zinc hydroaspartate and to examine if zinc supplementation could modulate the imipramine effect in CUS model of Behavioral depression in rats. The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. Chronic stress (persisting for 16 days) was induced by the modified method described by Katz et al. Zinc hydroaspartate at the dose of 30 mg/kg/day or 15 mg/kg/day and imipramine at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day were administered once daily for 14 days. Imipramine was given (ip) 1 h before every stress session and zinc hydroaspartate (ip) l h before the antidepressant. The footshock-induced Fighting Behavior test was performed 48 h after the last session of the chronic stress. It was demonstrated that in chronically stressed rats the number of Fighting attacks was significantly reduced (by about 75%). Zinc hydroaspartate at the dose of 30 mg/kg/day, given alone, prevented the deficit in Fighting Behavior in chronically stressed rats. Neither imipramine at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day nor zinc hydroaspartate (15 mg/kg/day) administered alone changed the intensity of Fighting Behavior in chronically stressed rats. However, when imipramine was given at the same dose in the rats pretreated with zinc hydroaspartate (15 mg/kg/day) the deficit of Fighting Behavior was not observed. The present results indicate that zinc similarly to antidepressants protects the rats against the CUS-induced Behavioral depression. Moreover, our findings suggest that zinc supplementation could potentiate the antidepressant effect of imipramine.
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antidepressants in chronic unpredictable mild stress cums induced deficit of Fighting Behavior
Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Grazyna Ossowska, Bozena Klenkmajewska, Zofia Danilczuk, Leszek Czajkowski, Iwona ZebrowskałupinaAbstract:Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) is one of the Behavioral models resembling in some respects (loss of normal aggresiveness) human depression. In the present study, consistent with the ethical principles for scientific experiments on animals, we have decided to modify the CUS procedure. In this new modified model named chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), we have introduced mild stressor (14 h period of 45 degrees cage tilt) instead of one severe stressor (20 s exposure to electric footshock). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this new procedure CUMS, similarly to CUS, affected the footshock-induced Fighting Behavior. We have also investigated the effect of antidepressant drugs with different pharmacological profiles (imipramine, mianserin, fluoxetine, moclobemide, tianeptine) and anxiolytic drug (oxazepam) on Fighting Behavior in rats submitted to CUMS. It was found that in rats subjected to CUMS procedure the number of Fighting attacks was significantly reduced (by about 80%). Prolonged treatment (once daily, for 14 days) with imipramine (10 mg/kg/day), tianeptine (12.5 mg/kg/day), mianserin (10 mg/kg/day), moclobemide (50 mg/kg/day), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day), but not oxazepam (5 mg/kg/day) prevented the deficit in Fighting Behavior in rats subjected to CUMS. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that CUMS, similarly to CUS procedure, induced Behavioral deficit in rats which was normalized by antidepressants with a different pharmacological profile.
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repeated treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but not anxiolytics prevents the stress induced deficit of Fighting Behavior
Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: Grazyna Ossowska, Zofia Danilczuk, I Zebrowskalupina, Bozena KlenkmajewskaAbstract:Several animal models of "depression" have been examined. One of them is chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced deficit of Fighting Behavior in rats. In the present study, we compared the effects of two antidepressants (fluoxetine or fluvoxamine) and three anxiolytics (buspirone, lorazepam or oxazepam) on the electric footshock-induced Fighting Behavior in the pairs of male Wistar rats exposed to CUS procedure (16-day application of various unpredictable stressors). It was found that, in chronically stressed rats, the number of Fighting attacks was significantly reduced (by about 70%). Prolonged (for 14 days) treatment of rats with fluoxetine or fluvoxamine (both at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day) counteracted the deficit of aggression induced by the chronic stress. On the contrary, the anxiolytics: lorazepam (0.5 mg/kg/day), oxazepam (5 mg/kg/day) or buspirone (0.2 mg/kg/day) administered for 14 days, did not modify the deficit of Fighting induced by CUS procedure. It must be underlined that prolonged treatment with all used drugs did not change the intensity of Fighting in normal (unstressed) rats. In conclusion, prolonged treatment with antidepressant drugs prevents the CUS-induced deficit of Fighting Behavior, whereas no beneficial effect of anxiolytic agents was found.