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Kan Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative morphological study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTC) in reeves' muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi).
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft, 2006Co-Authors: Jinhua Zheng, Kan KobayashiAbstract:The lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTC) from Reeves' muntjac deers (herbivorous artiodactyla) were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy and then compared to those of other mammalian species. At the posterior portion of the tongue, the Reeves' muntjac has a lingual prominence on which large conical papillae are distributed. On the dorsal surface of the anterior tongue, numerous Filiform papillae were found. Externally, each Filiform papilla consists of a rod-shaped main process and several small accessory processes. Their CTCs consist of 10 or more rod-shaped processes arranged in a horseshoe pattern and several posterior processes forming a small circular pattern. This structure is a common characteristic of artiodactyla, through which Reeves' muntjac deer can be categorized in a position in the artiodactyla class lying between the bighorn sheep and the East African bongo. Fungiform papillae are distributed among the Filiform papillae on the anterior portion of the tongue. Large fungiform papillae are also sparsely distributed on the lingual prominence and have several taste buds in the epithelium on the surface. Ten or more vallate papillae are distributed at the postero-lateral area of the lingual prominence and numerous taste buds are distributed in the epithelium of their side.
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Comparative morphological studies on the stereo structure of the lingual papillae of selected primates using scanning electron microscopy.
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft, 2004Co-Authors: Kan Kobayashi, Masahiko Kumakura, Ken Yoshimura, Masashi Takahashi, J.h. Zeng, Ikuo Kageyama, Keiichi Kobayashi, Natsuki HamaAbstract:Summary A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTCs) in five primates (tupai, tamarin, crab-eating monkey, mandrill, and human). There were some slender protrusions rising from the top of the Filiform papilla in all five types of primate. After removing the epithelium the Filiform CTC from the tupai, tamarin and crab-eating monkey displayed a U-shaped arrangement of rod-shaped protrusions. The Filiform CTC from the crab-eating monkey also had a columnar base. The human Filiform CTC consisted of a primary columnar base, numerous short rod-shaped secondary protrusions from its upper periphery, and a few central protrusions. The Filiform CTC from the Mandrill was fundamentally similar to that of the human, however, its base was shorter. The fungiform CTC from the tupai was column shaped, with several depressions for taste buds on the top. There were three vallate papillae in the tupai, tamarin, and mandrill, approximately four in the monkey, and between five and twelve in the human. Moderately developed foliate papillae were found in the tamarin, monkey, mandrill and human. The tupai, however, possessed a finger-like lateral organ instead. The lingual root area of the tupai, tamarin, crab-eating monkey and mandrill was relatively small with a smooth surface. Only the human had a tonsil structure, which was located on the surface of its larger lingual root.
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Stereo-structural study of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in relation to ageing changes in the human tongue.
Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia, 2001Co-Authors: Kan Kobayashi, Kumakura M, Yoshimura K, Shindo JAbstract:This study describes the stereo structure of human lingual papillae along lifespan with particular emphasis to ageing. The following results were obtained. Numerous slender protrusions extend from the basal column of each Filiform papilla of young human tongues and decrease in number with age. Many cases having an entirely flat area on the surface of the tongue without papillae were found in old age (Loss of protrusions and flattened epithelium). The number, thickness and length of each secondary protrusion of connective tissue core (CTC) of the Filiform papilla decreases roughly proportionally with age (Ramification at the end of protrusions, and fused patterns of CTC of the Filiform papilla). The CTC of fungiform papillae which have a corolliform structure, become thin with age. Numerous small rod-shaped secondary CTC are distributed under the epithelium of the vallate papillae in the young subjects and decrease in number and become irregularly distributed in older age. The fact that there is a great deal of individual variation of human lingual papillae regardless of age must be emphasized.
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Comparative observations on lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in three primates. A scanning electron microscopic study.
Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia, 1995Co-Authors: Kan Kobayashi, Kumakura M, Takahashi MAbstract:The 3-D structure of the connective tissue cores (CTCs) of the lingual papillae in three primates (treeshrew, crab-eating monkey and man) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Each Filiform papilla has some slender protrusions on the top in the three kinds of primates. After removal of the epithelium, the CTC of the Filiform papillae has a columnar primary core with some rod shaped secondary protrusions whose number and size vary among the three species. The number of secondary protrusions on the Filiform CTC is generally small in the treeshrew and is the greatest in man. The stereo structure of the Filiform CTC is fundamentally similar in all these three species and is different from those of other animal orders (i.e. Insectivora, Rodentia etc.). The fungiform CTC in man as well as in the crab-eating monkey is coralliform in shape and branched several times with small depressions for taste buds on the top of each one, though there were some differences between the two species in stereo structure. On the other hand, the fungiform CTC in the treeshrew was columnar in shape and was rather similar to that of Insectivora and Rodentia. In the treeshrew there are several finger-like processes in the region where foliate papillae are located in man as well as in the crab-eating monkey.
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Stereo architecture of the connective tissue cores of the lingual papillae in the treeshrew (Tupaia glis)
Anatomy and Embryology, 1992Co-Authors: Kan Kobayashi, Chaitip WanichanonAbstract:The stereo architecture of the lingual connective tissue cores (CTC) in the treeshrew ( Tupaia glis ) (which has the primitive characteristics of primates) was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and compared to that of other animal orders. The tongue of the treeshrew has three vallate papillae which are situated in the posterior part of the tongue, while some macaques have several vallate papillae. Among numerous Filiform papillae, fungiform papillae are sporadically distributed. A Filiform papilla consists of a bundle of several slender spine-like processes arranged in a circle at the basal margin. After removal of the epithelium, the CTC of the Filiform papilla looks like a human hand raised with the palm facing towards the tongue tip. The fungiform CTC in the threeshrew is columnar in shape (rather similar to that of Insectivora and Rodentia) and at the top there are several round depressions for taste buds. In the treeshrew several large rod-shaped processes are derived from the postero-lateral margin of the tongue, as in Carnivora (dogs and cats), where foliate papillae are located in many other animal species. The treeshrew has numerous characteristics similar to those of the crab-eating macaque (Primates), but at the same time it has some characteristics similar to those of Insectivora, Rodentia, Carnivora and Artiodactyla.
Shiue-cheng Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Abstract 716: 3-D imaging and illustration of nerve-lesion association in the mouse tongue of experimental oral cancer.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Tzu-en Hua, Ko-jiunn Liu, Shiue-cheng TangAbstract:Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Introduction: Tongue has a rich nerve supply and is in constant contact with a variety of neurotrophins in the saliva. In tongue/oral cancer, patients suffer from pain that is often more severe than the symptom caused by other cancers, likely due to the stimulation of the nerve endings and/or compression and invasion of sensory nerves. Despite the noticeable neural component in tongue/oral cancer development, high-resolution microscopic observation of the tongue innervation in health and disease has been difficult. This is primarily due to the dispersed neural network in space that cannot be easily portrayed by the standard microtome-based 2-dimensional (2-D) microscopy. The artifact and distortion caused by microtome slicing as well as the challenge of aligning series of microtome slices in precision seriously limit our ability to examine tongue innervation. Method: To overcome the imaging limitation, we prepared transparent mouse tongue specimens by optical clearing (use of immersion solution to reduce random scattering as light travels across media; Fu & Tang, Gastroenterology, 139:p1100, 2010 and www.3d-histology.com) and combined vessel painting and 3-dimensional (3-D) neurohistology for joint visualization of the tongue tissue architectures. Cardiac perfusion of the fluorescent lectin was used to label the blood vessels. Neuronal markers including PGP9.5, tyrosine hydroxylase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and calcitonin gene-related peptide were used as the immunostaining targets of neural tissues. Results: We simultaneously revealed the microstructure, vasculature, and innervation of the normal tongue with μm-level resolution. Examples of 3-D features such as the neurovascular complex at the core of the Filiform papilla and the taste bud innervation in the fungiform papilla were used to demonstrate the image quality. In the progression of experimental oral cancer induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, we observed remodeling of the tongue innervation with prominent peri- or intra-lesional nerve fibers, indicating intimate nerve-lesion interactions. Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves were all found associated with the lesion. Conclusion: This tongue innervation imaging method does not require tissue microtome sectioning and provides a useful tool for 3-D presentation and analysis of normal and diseased tongue in an integrated fashion. Citation Format: Tzu-En Hua, Ko-Jiunn Liu, Shiue-Cheng Tang. 3-D imaging and illustration of nerve-lesion association in the mouse tongue of experimental oral cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 716. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-716
I Kawahara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ultrastructural study of the relationship between the morphogenesis of Filiform papillae and the keratinisation of the lingual epithelium in the rat.
Journal of anatomy, 1999Co-Authors: S Iwasaki, H Yoshizawa, I KawaharaAbstract:Tongues were removed from rat fetuses on d 16 of gestation (E16) and from newborn (P0) and juvenile rats on d 7 (P7) and d 21 (P21) postnatally for examination by light and transmission electron microscopy. In the fetuses at E16, no rudiments of Filiform papillae were visible on the dorsal surface of the tongue. No evidence of keratinisation could be recognised over the entire dorsal lingual epithelium. At P0, rudiments of Filiform papillae showed a similar distribution to that seen in the adult, but had a more rounded appearance. The columnar structure of cells in the epithelium, with the different degrees of keratinisation as observed in the mature adult, was indistinct, but a keratinised layer was clearly located at the tip of each Filiform papilla. In juveniles at P7, the Filiform papillae on the anterior part of the tongue were long and slender, and the anterior and posterior cell columns of the Filiform papillae and the interpapillary cell columns were clearly distinguishable. In juveniles at P21, the structure of Filiform papillae was identical to that in the adult. These results indicate that, in rats, the morphogenesis of Filiform papillae advances in parallel with keratinisation of the lingual epithelium from just before birth to a few weeks after birth.
Heiko Peters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pax9 is required for Filiform papilla development and suppresses skin-specific differentiation of the mammalian tongue epithelium
Mechanisms of Development, 2004Co-Authors: Leon Jonker, Andrew Aw, Ilka Wappler, Ralf Kist, Heiko PetersAbstract:Abstract The epidermis is a derivative of the surface ectoderm. It forms a protective barrier and specific appendages including hair, nails, and different eccrine glands. The surface ectoderm also forms the epithelium of the oral cavity and tongue, which develop a slightly different barrier and form different appendages such as teeth, Filiform papillae, taste papillae, and salivary glands. How this region-specific differentiation is genetically controlled is largely unknown. We show here that Pax9, which is expressed in the epithelium of the tongue but not in skin, regulates several aspects of tongue-specific epithelial differentiation. In Pax9-deficient mice Filiform papillae lack the anterior–posterior polarity, a defect that is associated with temporal–spatial changes in Hoxc13 expression. Barrier formation is disturbed in the mutant tongue and genome-wide expression profiling revealed that the expression of specific keratins (Krt), keratin-associated proteins, and members of the epidermal differentiation complex is significantly down-regulated. In situ hybridization demonstrated that several ‘hard’ keratins, Krt1-5, Krt1-24, and Krt2-16, are not expressed in the absence of Pax9. Notably, specific ‘soft’ keratins, Krt2-1 and Krt2-17, normally weakly expressed in the tongue but present at high levels in skin and in orthokeratinized oral dysplasia are up-regulated in the mutant tongue epithelium. This result indicates a partial trans-differentiation to an epithelium with skin-specific characteristics. Together, our findings show that Pax9 regulates appendage formation in the mammalian tongue and identify Pax9 as an important factor for the region-specific differentiation of the surface ectoderm.
Shoichi Emura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphology of the lingual papillae of the bharal (Pseudois nayaur).
Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica, 2019Co-Authors: Shoichi Emura, Shinji OhsawaAbstract:We examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult bharal (Pseudois nayaur) by scanning electron microscopy. The Filiform papillae of the lingual apex and body consisted of a main papilla and smaller secondary papillae. The Filiform papilla of the lingual body was big as compared to that of the lingual apex. The connective tissue cores of the Filiform papillae consisted of several processes. The fungiform papilla was round in shape. The connective tissue cores of the fungiform papillae were flower-bud shaped. The lenticular papillae of large size were limited on the lingual prominence. The connective tissue cores of the lenticular papillae were hair-like in shape. The vallate papillae were located on both sides of the posterolateral aspects. The vallate papillae were flattened-oval shaped and the papillae were surrounded by an oval-shaped trench. The connective tissue cores of the vallate papillae were covered with numerous small spines The lingual surface of the bharal closely resembled that of the family Bovidae.
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Morphology of the Lingual papillae of the Japanese lesser flying squirrel and four-toed hedgehog
Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica, 2019Co-Authors: Shoichi EmuraAbstract:Author examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of the adult Japanese lesser flying squirrel (Pteromys momonga) and four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) by scanning electron microscopy. In the Japanese lesser flying squirrel, the Filiform papilla of the lingual body consisted of a large conical papilla. The Filiform papilla of the lingual prominence was spoon in shape. The fungiform papillae were round in shape and scattered among the Filiform papillae. Many foliate papillae were observed on the posterolateral regions of the lingual body. The foliate papillae had some ridges separated by deep grooves. The vallate papilla was located between lingual body and root. Several long conical papillae derived from the posterolateral margin of the tongue. In the four-toed hedgehog, the Filiform papilla of the lingual apex had a conical process. The Filiform papilla of the lingual body had some processes. The fungiform papillae were round in shape. The foliate papillae were observed on the posterolateral regions of the lingual body. The papilla was separated from each other by a furrow. The vallate papilla consisted of a central papilla and an annular pad. These findings suggest that in the structure of the lingual papillae of the Japanese lesser flying squirrel there is similar to that of the sugar glider and the lingual papillae of the four-toed hedgehog is different from that of the Japanese lesser flying squirrel.
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Morphology of the lingual papillae in the Asian golden cat.
Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica, 2018Co-Authors: Shoichi EmuraAbstract:We microscopically examined the dorsal lingual surface of an adult Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii). The papillae on the margin of the lingual apex were horny-shaped and fungiform. The Filiform papillae on the anterior part of the lingual body were large and cylindrical; the connective tissue core of each of these comprised a large conical papilla. The Filiform papillae on the central part of the lingual body were large and conical-shaped on the medial side and dome-shaped on the lateral side. The connective tissue core of each medial Filiform papilla comprised a large main process and some secondary processes, while processes were absent on the lateral side. These findings are peculiar to the tongue of members of the family Felidae.
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Morphology of the lingual papillae of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus).
Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica, 2017Co-Authors: Shoichi Emura, Kazue Sugiyama, Satoshi KusudaAbstract:We examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of a newborn and an old polar bears by using scanning electron microscopy. In the newborn polar bear, the Filiform papilla on the lingual apex was cylindrical in shape. The connective tissue core of the Filiform papillae was needle-shaped and that of the fungiform papillae was funnel-shaped. The Filiform papillae on the lingual body was dome-shaped. The connective tissue core of the Filiform papillae was U-shaped and that of the fungiform papillae was column-shaped. On the lingual apex and body, there could not distinguish the Filiform from fungiform papillae. The connective tissue core of the Filiform papilla was different from the fungiform papilla. The vallate papillae were surrounded by a groove and pad and the surface was smooth. In the old bear, the Filiform papilla on the lingual apex had several pointed processes. The processes of the Filiform papilla on the lingual body were larger than those of the lingual apex. The vallate papillae were surrounded by a groove and pad and the surface was rough. There are no foliate papillae.
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Morphology of the lingual papillae of the Asian short-clawed otter.
Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica, 2016Co-Authors: Shoichi Emura, Kazue SugiyamaAbstract:We examined the dorsal lingual surface of an adult Asian short-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) by using scanning electron microscopy. The Filiform papilla on the lingual apex had some pointed processes. The connective tissue core of the Filiform papillae consisted of several rod-like processes, and the connective tissue core with a long process was rarely observed. The Filiform papilla on the lingual body had several pointed processes and the fungiform papilla had smooth surface. The connective tissue core of the Filiform papillae consisted of a large main and several small processes. The vallate papillae were surrounded by a groove and some pads, and many processes were observed on this surface. The tongue of the Asian short-clawed otter was different from that of the Japanese marten belong to family Mustelidae.