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Jean L. Leblanc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of filler-Rubber interactions on the viscoelastic properties of carbon-black-Filled Rubber compounds
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003
    Co-Authors: J. Leopoldes, C. Barrès, Jean L. Leblanc, P. Georget
    Abstract:

    The specific role of filler–Rubber interactions in dynamic properties was investigated. Natural Rubber compounds, Filled with N330 carbon black, were used, and the filler surface was modified through a gas treatment in the solid phase. The effects of this filler surface treatment on the dynamic properties were systematically studied at equal filler dispersion levels. The dynamic properties were assessed for both uncured and vulcanized compounds, and a number of advanced investigative techniques were used to characterize not only the modification of the carbon particle surface by an oxidative treatment but also the structure of the Filled Rubber compounds. Particular attention was paid to techniques that gave access to the segmental mobility to explain the benefit observed with modified carbon black. A molecular interpretation, based on NMR measurements, was considered that took into account physicochemical parameters. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 577–588, 2004

  • Rubber filler interactions and rheological properties in Filled compounds
    Progress in Polymer Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jean L. Leblanc
    Abstract:

    Abstract Filled Rubber compounds are complex polymer systems that exhibit a number of singular flow properties markedly different from those of unFilled, molten polymers. In addition to usual hydrodynamics (or volume fraction) effects, reinforcing fillers such as carbon blacks or high-structure silica, impart modifications in flow properties whose origin is assigned to strong interactions arising between the elastomer and the filler particles. The report discusses the nature of Rubber–filler interactions and their effects on rheological properties of uncured materials. The concept of Rubber–filler mesophase is first introduced in order to underline the fundamental scaling problem that exists when attempting to relate phenomena occurring in the nanometer range to flow singularities, essentially observed in the macroscopic range. Then flow singularities exhibited by Filled Rubber compounds are briefly described, before interactions between fillers and elastomers are reviewed with respect to filler characteristics. Bound Rubber is consequently considered, as a macroscopic result of Rubber–filler interactions, and its importance is stressed as the obvious link towards flow singularities. Eventually dimensional aspects in Filled Rubber compounds are discussed in detail, since they offer the most likely key to understand the relationships between bound Rubber and flow properties.

  • Rubber–filler interactions and rheological properties in Filled compounds
    Progress in Polymer Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jean L. Leblanc
    Abstract:

    Abstract Filled Rubber compounds are complex polymer systems that exhibit a number of singular flow properties markedly different from those of unFilled, molten polymers. In addition to usual hydrodynamics (or volume fraction) effects, reinforcing fillers such as carbon blacks or high-structure silica, impart modifications in flow properties whose origin is assigned to strong interactions arising between the elastomer and the filler particles. The report discusses the nature of Rubber–filler interactions and their effects on rheological properties of uncured materials. The concept of Rubber–filler mesophase is first introduced in order to underline the fundamental scaling problem that exists when attempting to relate phenomena occurring in the nanometer range to flow singularities, essentially observed in the macroscopic range. Then flow singularities exhibited by Filled Rubber compounds are briefly described, before interactions between fillers and elastomers are reviewed with respect to filler characteristics. Bound Rubber is consequently considered, as a macroscopic result of Rubber–filler interactions, and its importance is stressed as the obvious link towards flow singularities. Eventually dimensional aspects in Filled Rubber compounds are discussed in detail, since they offer the most likely key to understand the relationships between bound Rubber and flow properties.

  • Advanced torsional dynamic methods to study the morphology of uncured Filled Rubber compounds
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jean L. Leblanc, Marie Cartault
    Abstract:

    Uncured compounds of SBR1500 with various levels of silica were studied using a torsional dynamic tester (Rubber process analyzer; RPA). Silica-Filled compounds were prepared with the appropriate amounts (8.2%) of silane, i.e., bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT). A carbon black-Filled compound was also studied for comparison. Strain sweep tests at constant frequency show that Filled Rubber materials exhibit either no or limited linear viscoelastic domain. Frequency sweep tests were performed either at the lowest strain amplitude or within the linear range at several temperatures; results were treated through time–temperature superposition in order to yield G′ and G″ master curves at the reference temperature of 100°C. Special test procedures were applied that are known to give interesting information about the morphology of complex polymer systems: the morphology damaging test (MDT) and the damaged morphology recovery test (DMRT). Results obtained are discussed with respect to the likely morphology of carbon black and silica-Filled Rubber compounds. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2093–2104, 2001

  • Elastomer–filler interactions and the rheology of Filled Rubber compounds
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2000
    Co-Authors: Jean L. Leblanc
    Abstract:

    Strong interactions between elastomer and filler particles result in the so-called bound Rubber (BdR), i.e. the fraction of polymer not extractable from uncured Filled Rubber compounds by a good solvent of the gum elastomer. BdR is an essential characteristic of uncured compounds and a key element in understanding the flow properties of such materials. After a brief review of works that demonstrate how BdR is involved in the particular morphology of uncured Filled Rubber compounds, the molecular origin of this phenomenon is explained. A kinetic extraction method to assess BdR is described that yields the absolute value of BdR with a compensation for experimental scatter. Results that further demonstrate how bound Rubber is related with the rheological properties of Filled Rubber materials are reported. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1542–1550, 2000

Yang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of the temperature and strain rate on the tension response of uncured Rubber: Experiments and modeling
    Mechanics of Materials, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yinlong Wang, Yang Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract The temperature and strain rate dependence of the tensile behaviors of uncured carbon black-Filled Rubber are investigated through quasi-static mechanical tests under different loading scenarios. The significant influences of both the temperature and strain rate on the distinct deformation characteristics (hysteresis, stress level at a certain stretch, and the Mullins effect) during the tensile process are systematically discussed and explained microscopically. An interpretation of the underlying physical mechanisms of uncured carbon black Filled Rubber is proposed, which is similar to that of vulcanized Rubber. Based on this interpretation, a thermomechanical constitutive model is developed to represent the complex constitutive behaviors of uncured Rubber. Using this new model, the distinct characteristics of the cyclic tests can be accurately captured over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. Moreover, the experimental fitting results under selected working conditions can effectively predict the other experimental results.

N Gilnegrete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • frequency and amplitude dependence of the axial and radial stiffness of carbon black Filled Rubber bushings
    Polymer Testing, 2007
    Co-Authors: M Garcia J Tarrago, Jordi Vinolas, Leif Kari, N Gilnegrete
    Abstract:

    The frequency and amplitude dependent dynamic behavior of carbon-black Filled Rubber bushings is experimentally investigated for a commercially available bushing in the axial and radial directions. ...

  • torsion stiffness of a Rubber bushing a simple engineering design formula including amplitude dependence
    Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2007
    Co-Authors: M Garcia J Tarrago, Jordi Vinolas, Leif Kari, N Gilnegrete
    Abstract:

    An engineering design formula for the torsion stiffness of a Filled Rubber bushing in the frequency domain, including the amplitude dependence, is presented. It is developed by applying a novel sep ...

  • a simplified methodology to predict the dynamic stiffness of carbon black Filled Rubber isolators using a finite element code
    Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006
    Co-Authors: N Gilnegrete, Jordi Vinolas, Leif Kari
    Abstract:

    A new and different approach to the inclusion of the amplitude-dependent effect, known as the Fletcher-Gent effect or Payne effect, in a linear viscoelastic Rubber material model is presented to predict the dynamic stiffness of Filled Rubber isolators using a finite element (FE) code. The technique is based on providing a linear viscoelastic model with the adequate material data set, once the dynamic strain amplitude, to which the Rubber mount is subjected, is estimated. A generalized Zener model is adopted to describe the frequency-dependent behaviour of the material through the use of hereditary integrals. The dynamic strain amplitude dependence is not modelled through any friction model or plasticity theory, as usually is in literature. It is introduced by considering the frequency-dependent properties of the compound at an adequate strain value, which enforces the estimation of an equivalent strain value. As a first approximation, a quasi-static value is used as the reference value at which material properties should be provided to the linear viscoelastic model. The technique works directly in frequency domain, the dynamic stiffness of the bushing being directly obtained. The methodology is applied to evaluate the dynamic stiffness of a real bushing in working conditions with very satisfactory results. Despite the assumptions made, especially regarding the estimation of the equivalent strain amplitude value, errors of the predictions fall within the limits usually accepted by Rubber manufacturers.

Stephan Westermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of water and filler content on the dielectric response of silica Filled Rubber compounds
    Macromolecules, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jon Otegui, Gustavo A Schwartz, Silvina Cerveny, J Colmenero, J Loichen, Stephan Westermann
    Abstract:

    We present in this work a systematic study to analyze the influence of water and filler content on the dielectric response of silica-Filled Rubber compounds. For nanoparticle-Filled polymers an additional dielectric process is usually observed in the loss dielectric spectra at frequencies lower than the alpha (α) or segmental relaxation. This process has generated some controversy in the literature due to the different (sometimes contradictory) interpretations given to explain its physical origin. We demonstrate, by means of dielectric spectroscopy in combination with thermal analysis, that this low-frequency process is compatible with a MWS process enhanced by the presence of water molecules at the silica surface. We show that the frequency of the maximum for this process is strongly affected by the amount of water attached to the silica particles. The dielectric response of the MWS process is rationalized by means of a simple interlayer model (IL). In addition, we also study the influence of water and f...

Nigel Scott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A cyclic stress softening model for the Mullins effect
    International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen R. Rickaby, Nigel Scott
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper the inelastic features of stress relaxation, hysteresis and residual strain are combined with the Arruda–Boyce eight-chain model of elasticity, in order to develop a model that is capable of describing the Mullins effect for cyclic stress-softening of an incompressible hyperelastic material, in particular a carbon-Filled Rubber vulcanizate. We have been unable to identify in the literature any other model that takes into consideration all the above inelastic features of the cyclic stress-softening of carbon-Filled Rubber. Our model compares favourably with experimental data and gives a good description of stress-softening, hysteresis, stress relaxation, residual strain and creep of residual strain.