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Ping Xie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Filter Feeding planktivorous fish and cyanobacteria on structuring the zooplankton community in the eastern plain lakes of china
Ecological Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Ping Xie, Jing Zhang, Min Tao, Xuwei DengAbstract:To explore the changes of the zooplankton community in response to excessive interferences of anthro-pogenic eutrophication and aquaculture on aquatic ecosystem, we performed a survey to determine the variations in these communities in 100 eastern plain lakes of China in summer. Our results showed that when Filter-Feeding planktivorous fishes were in high yield, Rotifera and medium cladocera accounted for a large proportion of the community; when they were in low yield, small cladocera increased with the increased nutrient level. The detrended correspondence analysis demonstrated that planktivorous fish and cyanobacteria were important factors influencing the zooplankton community. The linear regression analysis showed that the fraction of Rotifera increased and Calanoida decreased with the increasing fish yield; the fraction of small cladocera increased with the increasing cyanobacteria. The results implied that zooplankton community succession was strengthened by the combined effects of planktivorous fish and cyanobacteria. The effects of Filter-Feeding planktivorous fish on zooplankton depend on the survival ability of different zooplankton species as well as the size. With the combined effects of planktivorous fish culture and eutrophication, the zooplankton community tend to be dominated by r-strategy species and good escape ability species. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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plasma biochemical responses of the planktivorous Filter Feeding silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp aristichthys nobilis to prolonged toxic cyanobacterial blooms in natural waters
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2009Co-Authors: Tong Qiu, Longgen Guo, Ping Xie, Dawen ZhangAbstract:The planktivorous Filter-Feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) are the attractive candidates for bio-control of plankton communities to eliminate odorous populations of cyanobacteria. However, few studies focused on the health of such fishes in natural water body with vigorous toxic blooms. Blood parameters are useful and sensitive for diagnosis of diseases and monitoring of the physiological status of fish exposed to toxicants. To evaluate the impact of toxic cyanobacterial blooms on the planktivorous fish, 12 serum chemistry variables were investigated in silver carp and bighead carp for 9 months, in a large net cage in Meiliang Bay, a hypereutrophic region of Lake Taihu. The results confirmed adverse effects of cyanobacterial blooms on two phytoplanktivorous fish, which mainly characterized with potential toxicogenomic effects and metabolism disorders in liver, and kidney dysfunction. In addition, cholestasis was intensively implied by distinct elevation of all four related biomarkers (ALP, GGT, DBIL, TBIL) in bighead carp. The combination of LDH, AST activities and DBIL, URIC contents for silver carp, and the combination of ALT, ALP activities and TBIL, DBIL, URIC concentrations for bighead carps were found to most strongly indicate toxic effects from cyanobacterial blooms in such fishes by a multivariate discriminant analysis.
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practical success of biomanipulation using Filter Feeding fish to control cyanobacteria blooms a synthesis of decades of research and application in a subtropical hypereutrophic lake
The Scientific World Journal, 2001Co-Authors: Ping Xie, Jiankang LiuAbstract:Lake Donghu is a 32-km2 shallow, subtropical lake near the Yangtze River (P.R. China) that has experienced dramatic changes in the past five decades. These changes include: (1) a trophic state change from mesotrophy to hypertrophy; (2) dense blooms of cyanobacteria during every summer from the 1970s to 1984; (3) a cessation of blooms starting in 1985, with no recurrence; and (4) an increase, coincident with bloom declines, in the production of silver and bighead carp (Filter-feeders) by more than tenfold. There are several possible explanations for the disappearance of blooms, including changes in nutrient concentrations, increased zooplankton grazing, and increased grazing on algae by fish. The long-term data suggest that changes in nutrients or in zooplankton were not important, but that the remarkably increased fish densities might have played the key role. To test this hypothesis, in situ enclosure experiments were conducted in three years. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) an increased stocking of the lake with carp played a decisive role in the elimination of cyanobacteria blooms; (2) both silver and bighead carp can eliminate cyanobacteria blooms directly by grazing; (3) zooplankton cannot suppress the blooms; and (4) the lake still is vulnerable to the outbreak of blooms, should fish grazing decline. The critical biomass of carp is approximately 50 g m3. The results suggest the applicability of a new food-web manipulation (increased stocking with Filter-Feeding fish) for controlling cyanobacteria blooms in hypereutrophic lakes. The approach differs from traditional biomanipulation in Europe and North America, where piscivores are added to control planktivores, and this in turn increases zooplankton and decreases algae. The new biomanipulation method is being used or being tested to counteract cyanobacteria blooms in many Chinese lakes such as Lake Dianchi in Yunnan Province, Lake Chaohu in Anhui Province, and Lake Taihu in Jiangsu Province. The method has great potential as an important component of an integrated approach to counteract cyanobacteria blooms, especially in lakes where nutrient inputs cannot be reduced sufficiently, and where zooplankton cannot effectively control phytoplankton production.
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changes in the plankton community following introduction of Filter Feeding planktivorous fish
Freshwater Biology, 1999Co-Authors: Michio Fukushima, Noriko Takamura, Liwei Sun, Megumi Nakagawa, Kazuo Matsushige, Ping XieAbstract:1. We conducted enclosure experiments in a shallow eutrophic lake, in which a biomass gradient of the Filter-Feeding planktivore, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes, was created, and subsequent community changes in both zooplankton and phytoplankton were examined. 2. During a summer experiment, a bloom of Anabaena flos-aquae developed (approximate to 8000 cells mL(-1)) solely in an enclosure without silver carp. Concurrent with, or slightly preceding the Anabaena bloom, the number of rotifer species and their abundance increased from seven to twelve species (1700-14 400 organisms L-1) after the bloom in this fish-free enclosure. Protozoans and bacteria were generally insensitive to the gradient of silver carp biomass. 3. During an autumn experiment, on the other hand, large herbivorous crustaceans were more efficient than silver carp in suppressing the algae, partly because the lower water temperature (approximate to 24 degrees C) inhibited active Feeding of this warm-water fish and also formation of algal colonies. Heterotrophic nanoflagellate and bacterial densities were also influenced negatively by the crustaceans. 4. Correspondence analysis (CA) was applied to the weekly community data of zooplankton and phytoplankton. A major effect detected in the zooplankton community was the presence/absence of silver carp rather than the biomass of silver carp, whereas that in the phytoplankton community was the fish biomass before the Anabaena bloom, but shifted to the presence/absence of the fish after the bloom.
Erik Jeppesen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combining bivalve corbicula fluminea and Filter Feeding fish aristichthys nobilis enhances the bioremediation effect of algae an outdoor mesocosm study
Science of The Total Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Ruijie Shen, Huihui Chen, Zhigang Mao, Qingfei Zeng, Erik JeppesenAbstract:Abstract In outdoor mesocosms, we experimentally studied the effect of combining two native Filter feeders, bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), to control nuisance cyanobacterial blooms. Four treatments – clam-only, fish-only, combined and controls – were used. In combination, bighead carp (80 g m−3) and Asian clam (260 g m−2), had a remarkable controlling effect on phytoplankton biomass and improved water quality. By the end of the experiment, the chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration of the combined group was below 5 μg L−1 compared with 36 μg L−1 in the clam-only treatments and 31 μg L−1 in the controls, whereas Chl a in the fish-only group had increased to 211 μg L−1. Large-sized algae (Microcystis sp.) dominated in the control group and the clam-only group, whereas small-sized algae (Actinastrum hantzschii and Clamydomonas globose) dominated in the fish-only group. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water column were significantly reduced by clam stocking, regardless of the presence of fish. A 24-h laboratory experiment was conducted to verify whether the excrements produced by clams Filtering small-sized algae could be eaten by bighead carp. At the end of the experiment, the density of Scenedesmus obliquus had decreased significantly in the clam-present mesocosms, and the gut fullness index of bighead carp was significantly higher in the clam-present mesocosms than when clams were absent. Our results show that, under the selected experimental conditions and densities, water clarity improved when bighead carp and Asian clam occurred together, whereas Chl a concentrations and algae biomass increased in the fish-only mesocosms; in the clam-only mesocosms no significant effects were observed. We suggest that the combination of Filter-Feeding fish and clams may enhance water clarity and it may therefore potentially be a useful restoration tool.
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Effects of benthic-Feeding common carp and Filter-Feeding silver carp on benthic-pelagic coupling: Implications for shallow lake management
Ecological Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Xiufeng Zhang, Erik Jeppesen, Zhengwen Liu, William D. Taylor, Lars G. RudstamAbstract:Abstract Benthic–pelagic coupling is a key factor in the dynamics of shallow lakes. A 12-week mesocosm experiment was set up to test the hypotheses that benthic-Feeding common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reduce the growth of benthic algae and promote eutrophication and that Filter-Feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stimulate benthic algae growth and promote the establishment of a clear-water state. Compared to the controls, the common carp treatment had higher concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water column, higher biomass of pelagic algae (measured as chlorophyll a), higher total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations, lower light intensity, and lower biomass of benthic algae at the sediment surface. Silver carp did not change the chlorophyll a of pelagic algae relative to the controls, but they did decrease the biomass of benthic algae and increase TP and TSS. A microcosm experiment using 32P radiotracer was conducted to examine effects of the two carp species on the release of sediment phosphorus (P). The P release to the water column was higher with common carp present than without common carp. This was not the case in the silver carp experiments. Our findings show that both common carp and silver carp deteriorate water quality by increasing TP and TSS concentrations and decreasing the biomass of benthic algae at the sediment surface. Common carp had a larger negative effect on water quality than silver carp, perhaps because only common carp enhanced P release from the sediment. The implications for lake management are that removal of both common carp and silver carp from shallow lakes may enhance the growth of benthic algae and help promote the establishment of a clear-water state.
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does stocking of Filter Feeding fish for production have a cascading effect on zooplankton and ecological state a study of fourteen sub tropical chinese reservoirs with contrasting nutrient concentrations
Hydrobiologia, 2014Co-Authors: Qiuqi Lin, Xiaojun Jiang, Boping Han, Erik JeppesenAbstract:Stocking of Filter-Feeding fish is a common tool used in Chinese reservoirs to increase fish production because of low natural recruitment. Whether such stocking has important negative effects on zooplankton with cascading effects on phytoplankton is debated. We compared the zooplankton communities in fourteen reservoirs with different nutrient concentrations and fish densities. Both chlorophyll a (Chla) and fish catch were positively related with total phosphorus (TP), whereas zooplankton biomass did not show a similar relationship with TP. Zooplankton seemed to be influenced by fish as high fish catches coincided with a low proportion of calanoids of the total copepod biomass, a high proportion of rotifers of the total zooplankton biomass, a low zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratio, and the absence of Daphnia irrespective of TP concentration. Both zooplankton biomass and most of the zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratios were among the lowest reported in the literature for the nutrient range studied. Furthermore, the Chla:TP ratio was higher than what is typically observed in temperate lakes. We conclude that top-down control of zooplankton is of key importance in reservoirs in South China where frequent stocking of Filter-Feeding fish seems to contribute to poor water quality in the form of higher algal biomass and reduced clarity.
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effects of deposit Feeding tubificid worms and Filter Feeding bivalves on benthic pelagic coupling implications for the restoration of eutrophic shallow lakes
Water Research, 2014Co-Authors: Erik Jeppesen, Xiufeng Zhang, William D. TaylorAbstract:Abstract Benthic-pelagic coupling is a key factor in the dynamics of shallow lakes. A 12-week mesocosm experiment tested the hypothesis that deposit-Feeding tubificid worms stimulate the growth of pelagic algae while Filter-Feeding bivalves promote the growth of benthic algae, using the deposit-Feeding tubificid Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and the Filter-Feeding bivalve Anodonta woodiana. A tube-microcosm experiment using a 32P radiotracer tested for differential effects of tubificids and bivalves on the release of sediment phosphorus (P). In this experiment A. woodiana was replaced by Corbicula fluminea, a smaller bivalve from the same functional group whose size was more appropriate to the experimental tubes needed for the tracer study. The first experiment recorded greater nutrient concentrations in the overlying water, higher biomass of pelagic algae as measured by chlorophyll a (Chl a), lower light intensity at the sediment and lower biomass of benthic algae in the worm treatments than in the controls, while nutrients and Chl a of pelagic algae were lower and the light intensity and Chl a of benthic algae were higher in the bivalve treatments than in the controls. In the second experiment, 32P activity in the overlying water was higher in both treatments than in the controls, but highest in the worm treatment indicating that both animals accelerated P release from the sediment, with the biggest effect associated with the presence of worms. Our study demonstrates that worms promote pelagic algal growth by enhancing the release of sediment nutrients, while bivalves, likely through their grazing on pelagic algae increasing available light levels, stimulate benthic algal growth despite enhanced P release from the sediment and thus aid the establishment of clear water states. The rehabilitation of native bivalve populations may therefore enhance the recovery of eutrophic shallow lakes.
Geoff J Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ram Filter Feeding and nocturnal Feeding of whale sharks rhincodon typus at ningaloo reef western australia
Fisheries Research, 2007Co-Authors: Geoff J TaylorAbstract:The paper reports Feeding behaviours of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia that have been observed during field trips over a period of 23 years. Two distinct Feeding behaviours have been observed, namely passive Feeding, which resembles the ram Filter-Feeding of the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), and active Feeding at the surface, as previously described in the literature. Nocturnal surface Feeding behaviour is reported. The targeted prey species were specific to the different Feeding techniques and times. Contrary to previous reports, the gills of the shark moved actively in a rhythmical fashion during both of the observed Feeding modes. The principal prey species identified at Ningaloo have been the euphausiid Pseudeuphausia latifrons, portuniid megalopa, stomatopod larvae, copepods, chaetognatha, and schools of small fish. The diurnal appearance of whale sharks at the surface and the passive Feeding witnessed during daylight hours, suggests that the whale shark is searching for localised aggregations of plankton that persist at the surface in the weeks following the reef spawning.
Taoran Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scallop genome reveals molecular adaptations to semi sessile life and neurotoxins
Nature Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Yuli Li, Wenqian Jiao, Yan Miao, Xiaoli Hu, Jinbo Zhang, Xiaokang Zhang, Lingling Zhang, Ji Li, Jing Wang, Taoran ChengAbstract:Bivalve molluscs are descendants of an early-Cambrian lineage superbly adapted to benthic Filter Feeding. Adaptations in form and behavior are well recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the genome, various transcriptomes, and proteomes of the scallop Chlamys farreri, a semi-sessile bivalve with well-developed adductor muscle, sophisticated eyes, and remarkable neurotoxin resistance. The scallop’s large striated muscle is energy-dynamic but not fully differentiated from smooth muscle. Its eyes are supported by highly diverse, intronless opsins expanded by retroposition for broadened spectral sensitivity. Rapid byssal secretion is enabled by a specialized foot and multiple proteins including expanded tyrosinases. The scallop uses hepatopancreas to accumulate neurotoxins and kidney to transform to high-toxicity forms through expanded sulfotransferases, probably as deterrence against predation, while it achieves neurotoxin resistance through point mutations in sodium channels. These findings suggest that expansion and mutation of those genes may have profound effects on scallop’s phenotype and adaptation. Bivalve molluscs have evolved various characteristics to adapt to benthic Filter-Feeding. Here, Li et al investigate the genome, transcriptomes and proteomes of scallop Chlamys farreri, revealing evidences of molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.
Xiufeng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of benthic-Feeding common carp and Filter-Feeding silver carp on benthic-pelagic coupling: Implications for shallow lake management
Ecological Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Xiufeng Zhang, Erik Jeppesen, Zhengwen Liu, William D. Taylor, Lars G. RudstamAbstract:Abstract Benthic–pelagic coupling is a key factor in the dynamics of shallow lakes. A 12-week mesocosm experiment was set up to test the hypotheses that benthic-Feeding common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reduce the growth of benthic algae and promote eutrophication and that Filter-Feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stimulate benthic algae growth and promote the establishment of a clear-water state. Compared to the controls, the common carp treatment had higher concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water column, higher biomass of pelagic algae (measured as chlorophyll a), higher total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations, lower light intensity, and lower biomass of benthic algae at the sediment surface. Silver carp did not change the chlorophyll a of pelagic algae relative to the controls, but they did decrease the biomass of benthic algae and increase TP and TSS. A microcosm experiment using 32P radiotracer was conducted to examine effects of the two carp species on the release of sediment phosphorus (P). The P release to the water column was higher with common carp present than without common carp. This was not the case in the silver carp experiments. Our findings show that both common carp and silver carp deteriorate water quality by increasing TP and TSS concentrations and decreasing the biomass of benthic algae at the sediment surface. Common carp had a larger negative effect on water quality than silver carp, perhaps because only common carp enhanced P release from the sediment. The implications for lake management are that removal of both common carp and silver carp from shallow lakes may enhance the growth of benthic algae and help promote the establishment of a clear-water state.
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effects of deposit Feeding tubificid worms and Filter Feeding bivalves on benthic pelagic coupling implications for the restoration of eutrophic shallow lakes
Water Research, 2014Co-Authors: Erik Jeppesen, Xiufeng Zhang, William D. TaylorAbstract:Abstract Benthic-pelagic coupling is a key factor in the dynamics of shallow lakes. A 12-week mesocosm experiment tested the hypothesis that deposit-Feeding tubificid worms stimulate the growth of pelagic algae while Filter-Feeding bivalves promote the growth of benthic algae, using the deposit-Feeding tubificid Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and the Filter-Feeding bivalve Anodonta woodiana. A tube-microcosm experiment using a 32P radiotracer tested for differential effects of tubificids and bivalves on the release of sediment phosphorus (P). In this experiment A. woodiana was replaced by Corbicula fluminea, a smaller bivalve from the same functional group whose size was more appropriate to the experimental tubes needed for the tracer study. The first experiment recorded greater nutrient concentrations in the overlying water, higher biomass of pelagic algae as measured by chlorophyll a (Chl a), lower light intensity at the sediment and lower biomass of benthic algae in the worm treatments than in the controls, while nutrients and Chl a of pelagic algae were lower and the light intensity and Chl a of benthic algae were higher in the bivalve treatments than in the controls. In the second experiment, 32P activity in the overlying water was higher in both treatments than in the controls, but highest in the worm treatment indicating that both animals accelerated P release from the sediment, with the biggest effect associated with the presence of worms. Our study demonstrates that worms promote pelagic algal growth by enhancing the release of sediment nutrients, while bivalves, likely through their grazing on pelagic algae increasing available light levels, stimulate benthic algal growth despite enhanced P release from the sediment and thus aid the establishment of clear water states. The rehabilitation of native bivalve populations may therefore enhance the recovery of eutrophic shallow lakes.