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Rafael Munozcarpena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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revised framework for pesticide aquatic environmental exposure assessment that accounts for vegetative Filter Strips
Environmental Science & Technology, 2010Co-Authors: George J Sabbagh, Rafael Munozcarpena, Mark F LenzAbstract:For pesticides that do not pass higher-level environmental exposure assessments, vegetated Filter Strips (VFS) are often mandated for use of the compound. However, VFS physiographic characteristics (i.e., width) are not currently specified based on predictive modeling of VFS performance. This has been due to the lack of predictive tools that can explain the wide range of field-reported efficacies. This research hypothesizes that mechanistic modeling of VFS runoff and sediment trapping, integrated with an empirical, regression-based pesticide trapping equation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) exposure framework, is able to effectively derive these VFS characteristics. To test this hypothesis, a well-tested process-based model for VFS (VFSMOD) was coupled with the pesticide trapping equation and integrated with EPA’s PRZM/EXAMS exposure package. The revised framework was applied to a prescribed U.S. EPA assessment scenario for four hypothetical pesticides: more mobile (i.e., organic carb...
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parameter importance and uncertainty in predicting runoff pesticide reduction with Filter Strips
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010Co-Authors: Rafael Munozcarpena, George J SabbaghAbstract:: Vegetative Filter Strips (VFS) are an environmental management tool used to reduce sediment and pesticide transport from surface runoff. Numerical models of VFS such as the Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System (VFSMOD-W) are capable of predicting runoff, sediment, and pesticide reduction and can be useful tools to understand the effectiveness of VFS and environmental conditions under which they may be ineffective. However, as part of the modeling process, it is critical to identify input factor importance and quantify uncertainty in predicted runoff, sediment, and pesticide reductions. This research used state-of-the-art global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis tools, a screening method (Morris) and a variance-based method (extended Fourier Analysis Sensitivity Test), to evaluate VFSMOD-W under a range of field scenarios. The three VFS studies analyzed were conducted on silty clay loam and silt loam soils under uniform, sheet flow conditions and included atrazine, chlorpyrifos, cyanazine, metolachlor, pendimethalin, and terbuthylazine data. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was the most important input factor for predicting infiltration and runoff, explaining >75% of the total output variance for studies with smaller hydraulic loading rates ( approximately 100-150 mm equivalent depths) and approximately 50% for the higher loading rate ( approximately 280-mm equivalent depth). Important input factors for predicting sedimentation included hydraulic conductivity, average particle size, and the Filter's Manning's roughness coefficient. Input factor importance for pesticide trapping was controlled by infiltration and, therefore, hydraulic conductivity. Global uncertainty analyses suggested a wide range of reductions for runoff (95% confidence intervals of 7-93%), sediment (84-100%), and pesticide (43-100%) . Pesticide trapping probability distributions fell between runoff and sediment reduction distributions as a function of the pesticides' sorption. Seemingly equivalent VFS exhibited unique and complex trapping responses dependent on the hydraulic and sediment loading rates, and therefore, process-based modeling of VFS is required.
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simplified modeling of phosphorus removal by vegetative Filter Strips to control runoff pollution from phosphate mining areas
Journal of Hydrology, 2009Co-Authors: Rafael MunozcarpenaAbstract:summary Runoff non-point source pollution from phosphate mining areas poses a potential risk to ecosystems in many parts of the world. Mining sand tailings in Central Florida, which still contain apatite (phosphate rock), have shaped the landscape in reclaimed lands at the upper Peace River basin. The objective of this study is to model the efficiency of vegetative Filter Strips for controlling surface runoff pollution from phosphate mining sand tailings. The numerical model VFSMOD-W is used to predict overland flow and sediment trapping within the Filter and is linked to a simplified phosphorous (P) transport algorithm based on experimental data to predict total P (TP), particulate P (PP) and dissolved P (DP) fractions in the Filter outflow. An advanced global inverse optimization technique is used for the model calibration process, and the uncertainty of the measured data is considered in goodness-of-fit indicators. The VFSMOD-W can predict hydrology and sediment transport well (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency >0.6) for calibration and validation events with peak outflow rate from VFS greater than 0.0004 m 3 /s. The good prediction in runoff and sediment resulted also in good predictions of PP and TP transport since apatite is a main component of sediment. A good prediction of DP was found by considering the rainfall impact on DP dissolved from apatite in surface soil. The uncertainty of measured data included in the goodness-of-fit indicators is a more realistic method to evaluate model performance and data sets. VFSMOD-W combined with the simplified P modeling approach successfully predicted runoff, sediment, and P transport in phosphate mining sand tailings, which provides management agencies a design tool for controlling runoff and P transport using vegetative Filter Strips.
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a design procedure for vegetative Filter Strips using vfsmod w
Transactions of the ASABE, 2004Co-Authors: Rafael Munozcarpena, J E ParsonsAbstract:Although vegetative Filter Strips (VFS) are a common BMP used for runoff sediment control, there is currently no widely accepted objective design criteria available to select optimal construction characteristics (Filter length, width, slope, vegetation) needed to achieve a desired sediment reduction. A design procedure for VFS using VFSMOD-W is presented. VFSMOD, the main component of VFSMOD-W, is a field-scale, mechanistic, storm-based model developed to route the incoming hydrograph and sedigraph from an adjacent field through a VFS and to calculate the resulting outflow, infiltration, and sediment trapping efficiency. A front-end model, UH, was developed and added to VFSMOD-W to generate the necessary source area design inputs for VFSMOD. For each design storm, UH generates a rainfall hyetograph, a runoff hydrograph, and sediment loss from the source area using a combination of the NRCS curve number method, the unit hydrograph, and the modified Universal Soil Loss Equation based on topography, land use, and soil type. With these inputs, a set of response curves, i.e., sediment and runoff reduction vs. Filter construction characteristics, can be developed from VFSMOD-W outputs for a given design scenario. To illustrate this procedure, a design case was presented where the goal was to obtain a 75% runoff sediment reduction for conditions similar to those of the North Carolina Piedmont region. In addition to two soil types present in the area, the range of conditions used in the analysis included two design alternatives (one concentrating field runoff in a narrower Filter), four design storms with 1 to 10 year return periods, and buffer lengths ranging from 1 to 100 m. For the range of design storms considered, the optimal Filter lengths obtained were 1 to 4 m for the sandy clay soil and 8 to 44 m for the clay. The results show that in some cases current environmental regulations pertaining to Filter lengths in the area will not be sufficient. This application case clearly illustrates the importance of using an objective design procedure based on the specific location characteristics when implementing VFS as an effective off-site BMP.
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modeling hydrology and sediment transport in vegetative Filter Strips
Journal of Hydrology, 1999Co-Authors: Rafael Munozcarpena, J E Parsons, Wendell J GilliamAbstract:The performance of vegetative Filter Strips is governed by complex mechanisms. Models can help simulate the field conditions and predict the buffer effectiveness. A single event model for simulating the hydrology and sediment filtration in buffer Strips is developed and field tested. Input parameters, sensitivity analysis, calibration and field testing of the model are presented. The model was developed by linking three submodels to describe the principal mechanisms found in natural buffers: a Petrov‐Galerkin finite element kinematic wave overland flow submodel, a modified Green‐Ampt infiltration submodel and the University of Kentucky sediment filtration model for grass areas. The new formulation effectively handles complex sets of inputs similar to those found in natural events. Major outputs of the model are water outflow and sediment trapping on the strip. The strength of the model is a good description of the hydrology within the Filter area, which is essential for achieving good sediment outflow predictions or trapping efficiency. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the most sensitive parameters for the hydrology component are initial soil water content and vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sediment characteristics (particle size, fall velocity and sediment density) and grass spacing for the sediment component. A set of 27 natural runoff events (rainfall amounts from 0.003 to 0.03 m) from a North Carolina Piedmont site was used to test the hydrology component, and a subset of nine events for the sediment component. Good predictions are obtained with the model if shallow uniform sheet flow (no channelization) occurs within the Filter. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Rebecca A Larson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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treatment of horizontal silage bunker runoff using biochar amended vegetative Filter Strips
Journal of Environmental Management, 2020Co-Authors: J R Sanford, Rebecca A LarsonAbstract:Abstract Horizontal silage bunkers produce leachate that contains contaminants that can be detrimental to the environment if released untreated. Vegetated Filter Strips are used to treat silage bunker runoff to prevent contamination of surface waters via infiltration, however increased infiltration poses risks to groundwater, particularly for nitrate (NO3−). Vegetated Filter strip plots with a sandy loam soil, half of which are amended with biochar, were investigated to assess the treatment of silage bunker runoff over 20 application events. The subsurface effluent biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP) were reduced on average by 40%, 46%, and 75%, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between treatments. The total nitrogen (TN) was reduced by 49 and 64% for control and biochar plots, respectively, which was significantly different between treatments. Biochar significantly reduced nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) leaching by 40% compared to the control, however, the NO3−-N concentration in leachate was still high ranging from 0.19 to 191.04 mg NO3−-N L−1 and 0.18–108.89 mg NO3−-N L−1 for control and biochar plots, respectively. A mass balance suggests the primary mechanism for a decrease in TN and NO3−-N leaching from biochar amended plots was greater retention of NO3−-N and organic N (ORG-N) within the soil/biochar matrix. The development of oxygenated functional groups and/or formation of organomineral layer on the biochar surface likely enhanced N retention.
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treatment of silage runoff using vegetated Filter Strips
Transactions of the ASABE, 2016Co-Authors: Michael A Holly, Rebecca A LarsonAbstract:Abstract. Vegetative Filter Strips have the potential to treat agricultural runoff and reduce the pollutant load that reaches surface waters. Filter Strips are used to infiltrate and remove nutrients from high-volume, low-concentration silage runoff produced from precipitation events. Following infiltration events, nitrates can form from organic nitrogen and ammonia, enter the subsurface drainage, and potentially contaminate groundwater. This study quantifies the surface and subsurface concentrations and nutrient load reductions provided by Filter Strips with different design storms. Two 3.7 m x 1.2 m Filter Strips were constructed, and silage runoff was applied at rates simulating a 25-year 24-hour design storm and a 2-year 24-hour design storm for a bunker pad to Filter strip area ratio of 1:1. The Filter Strips had a >80% reduction of SRP and TP in the subsurface drainage when compared to the silage runoff influent. Subsurface drainage reduced total ammoniacal nitrogen, BOD 5 , and COD by 29% to 77%, 37% to 76%, and 40% to 76%, respectively. The pH of the subsurface drainage was increased from 4 to greater than 6.
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field application of farmstead runoff to vegetated Filter Strips surface and subsurface water quality assessment
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2012Co-Authors: Rebecca A Larson, Steven I SaffermanAbstract:: Farmstead runoff poses significant environmental impacts to ground and surface waters. Three vegetated Filter Strips were assessed for the treatment of dairy farmstead runoff at the soil surface and subsurface at 0.3- or 0. 46-m and 0. 76-m depths for numerous storm events. A medium-sized Michigan dairy was retrofitted with two Filter Strips on sandy loam soil and a third Filter strip was implemented on a small Michigan dairy with sandy soil to collect and treat runoff from feed storage, manure storage, and other impervious farmstead areas. All Filter Strips were able to eliminate surface runoff via infiltration for all storm events over the duration of the study, eliminating pollutant contributions to surface water. Subsurface effluent was monitored to determine the contributing groundwater concentrations of numerous pollutants including chemical oxygen demand (COD), metals, and nitrates. Subsurface samples have an average reduction of COD concentrations of 20, 11, and 85% for the medium dairy Filter Strip 1 (FS1), medium dairy Filter Strip 2 (FS2), and the small Michigan dairy respectively, resulting in average subsurface concentrations of 355, 3960, and 718 mg L COD. Similar reductions were noted for ammonia and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in the subsurface effluent. The small Michigan dairy was able to reduce the pollutant leachate concentrations of COD, TKN, and ammonia over a range of influent concentrations. Increased influent concentrations in the medium Michigan dairy Filter Strips resulted in an increase in COD, TKN, and ammonia concentrations in the leachate. Manganese was leached from the native soils at all Filter Strips as evidenced by the increase in manganese concentrations in the leachate. Nitrate concentrations were above standard drinking water limits (10 mg L), averaging subsurface concentrations of 11, 45, and 25 mg L NO-N for FS1, FS2, and the small Michigan dairy, respectively.
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vegetative Filter Strips surface and subsurface water quality
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2011, 2011Co-Authors: Rebecca A Larson, Steven I SaffermanAbstract:Agricultural vegetative Filter Strips were examined using laboratory soil columns and two field sites to assess the subsurface effluent water quality following the application of farmstead runoff. Three Filter Strips and 30 soil columns were assessed for leachate and revealed significant reductions of nutrients and oxygen demand for sandy soils as compared to sandy loam soils. Soil depth and type were determined to be significant factors in removal of COD, BOD, Ammonia, TKN, and TS prior to reaching groundwater. Removal rates for these particular contaminants were also greater at 30 and 48 inches of soil depth in comparison to 12 inches of subsurface depth. However, all field sites posed groundwater concerns due to high concentrations of nitrates and heavy metals.
Majed Abuzreig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental investigation of runoff reduction and sediment removal by vegetated Filter Strips
Hydrological Processes, 2004Co-Authors: Majed Abuzreig, H. R. Whiteley, Manon N Lalonde, R P Rudra, N K KaushikAbstract:The impact of vegetated Filter Strips (VFS) on sediment removal from runoff has been studied extensively in recent years. Vegetation is believed to increase water infiltration and decrease water turbulence thus enhancing sediment deposition within Filter media. In the study reported here, field experiments have been conducted to examine the efficiency of vegetated Filter Strips for sediment removal from cropland runoff. Twenty Filters with varying length, slope and vegetated cover were used under simulated runoff conditions with an average sediment concentration of 2700 mg/L. The Filters were 2, 5, 10 and 15 m long with a slope of 2·3 and 5% and three types of vegetation. Three other Strips with bare soil were used as a control. The experimental results showed that the average sediment trapping efficiency of all Filters was 84% and ranging from 68% in a 2-m Filter to as high as 98% in a 15-m long Filter compared with only 25% for the control. The length of Filter has been found to be the predominant factor affecting sediment deposition in VFS up to 10 m. Increasing Filter length to 15 m did not improve sediment trapping efficiency under the present experimental conditions. The rate of incoming flow and vegetation cover percentage has a secondary effect on sediment deposition in VFS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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phosphorus removal in vegetated Filter Strips
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2003Co-Authors: Majed Abuzreig, Ramesh Rudra, H. R. Whiteley, Manon N Lalonde, N K KaushikAbstract:: Vegetated Filter Strips (VFS) are used recently for removal, at or near the source, of sediment and sediment-bound chemicals from cropland runoff. Vegetation within the flowpath increases water infiltration and decreases water turbulence, thus enhancing pollutant removal by sedimentation within Filter media and infiltration through the Filter surface. Field experiments have been conducted to examine the efficiency of vegetated Filter Strips for phosphorus removal from cropland runoff with 20 Filters with varying length (2 to 15 m), slope (2.3 and 5%), and vegetated cover, including bare-soil plots as control. Artificial runoff used in this study had an average phosphorus concentration of 2.37 mg L(-1) and a sediment concentration of 2700 mg L(-1). The average phosphorus trapping efficiency of all vegetated Filters was 61% and ranged from 31% in a 2-m Filter to 89% in a 15-m Filter. Filter length has been found to be the predominant factor affecting P trapping in VFS. The rate of inflow, type of vegetation, and density of vegetation coverage had secondary influences on P removal. Short Filters (2 and 5 m), which are somewhat effective in sediment removal, are much less effective in P removal. Increasing the Filter length beyond 15 m is ineffective in enhancing sediment removal but is expected to further enhance P removal. Sediment deposition, infiltration, and plant adsorption are the primary mechanisms for phosphorus trapping in VFS.
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factors affecting sediment trapping in vegetated Filter Strips simulation study using vfsmod
Hydrological Processes, 2001Co-Authors: Majed AbuzreigAbstract:Soil and water conservation practices have been promoted for a long time, in order to sustain agricultural activities and prevent environmental pollution. Vegetated Filter Strips (VFS) have been used to reduce sediment pollution into water bodies at or near the pollutant source. However, factors effecting VFS performance under natural conditions have not been well understood owing to the physical, time and financial limitations of field experiments. The use of well-validated simulation models to understand the performance of VFS and factors affecting sediment deposition is highly justified. The objective of this research is to investigate sediment trapping in VFS and to study various factors affecting VFS performance using the simulation model VFSMOD, which was developed by researchers at University of North Carolina. Recently, VFSMOD has been validated successfully by using 21 Filters with varying length, slope and vegetated cover. A wide range of five parameters was selected for the simulations, namely Filter length, Filter slope, manning roughness coefficient, soil type and characteristics of incoming sediment from adjacent fields. Computer simulations revealed that the length of Filter is the most significant factor affecting sediment trapping in VFS. The relative increase in trapping efficiencies was not linearly related to an increase in Filter length. Inflow sediment class also has a major influence on sediment trapping in VFS. The trapping efficiency of clay sediments in a 15 m length VFS was 47% compared with 92% for silt from incoming sediment. Manning roughness coefficient had a moderate effect on sediment trapping and was more significant in short Filters. Land slope and soil type of VFS had a minor influence on the performance of VFS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
George J Sabbagh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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revised framework for pesticide aquatic environmental exposure assessment that accounts for vegetative Filter Strips
Environmental Science & Technology, 2010Co-Authors: George J Sabbagh, Rafael Munozcarpena, Mark F LenzAbstract:For pesticides that do not pass higher-level environmental exposure assessments, vegetated Filter Strips (VFS) are often mandated for use of the compound. However, VFS physiographic characteristics (i.e., width) are not currently specified based on predictive modeling of VFS performance. This has been due to the lack of predictive tools that can explain the wide range of field-reported efficacies. This research hypothesizes that mechanistic modeling of VFS runoff and sediment trapping, integrated with an empirical, regression-based pesticide trapping equation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) exposure framework, is able to effectively derive these VFS characteristics. To test this hypothesis, a well-tested process-based model for VFS (VFSMOD) was coupled with the pesticide trapping equation and integrated with EPA’s PRZM/EXAMS exposure package. The revised framework was applied to a prescribed U.S. EPA assessment scenario for four hypothetical pesticides: more mobile (i.e., organic carb...
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parameter importance and uncertainty in predicting runoff pesticide reduction with Filter Strips
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010Co-Authors: Rafael Munozcarpena, George J SabbaghAbstract:: Vegetative Filter Strips (VFS) are an environmental management tool used to reduce sediment and pesticide transport from surface runoff. Numerical models of VFS such as the Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System (VFSMOD-W) are capable of predicting runoff, sediment, and pesticide reduction and can be useful tools to understand the effectiveness of VFS and environmental conditions under which they may be ineffective. However, as part of the modeling process, it is critical to identify input factor importance and quantify uncertainty in predicted runoff, sediment, and pesticide reductions. This research used state-of-the-art global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis tools, a screening method (Morris) and a variance-based method (extended Fourier Analysis Sensitivity Test), to evaluate VFSMOD-W under a range of field scenarios. The three VFS studies analyzed were conducted on silty clay loam and silt loam soils under uniform, sheet flow conditions and included atrazine, chlorpyrifos, cyanazine, metolachlor, pendimethalin, and terbuthylazine data. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was the most important input factor for predicting infiltration and runoff, explaining >75% of the total output variance for studies with smaller hydraulic loading rates ( approximately 100-150 mm equivalent depths) and approximately 50% for the higher loading rate ( approximately 280-mm equivalent depth). Important input factors for predicting sedimentation included hydraulic conductivity, average particle size, and the Filter's Manning's roughness coefficient. Input factor importance for pesticide trapping was controlled by infiltration and, therefore, hydraulic conductivity. Global uncertainty analyses suggested a wide range of reductions for runoff (95% confidence intervals of 7-93%), sediment (84-100%), and pesticide (43-100%) . Pesticide trapping probability distributions fell between runoff and sediment reduction distributions as a function of the pesticides' sorption. Seemingly equivalent VFS exhibited unique and complex trapping responses dependent on the hydraulic and sediment loading rates, and therefore, process-based modeling of VFS is required.
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effectiveness of vegetative Filter Strips in reducing pesticide loading quantifying pesticide trapping efficiency
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2009Co-Authors: George J Sabbagh, A Kamanzi, B Roepke, J Z TangAbstract:: Pesticide trapping efficiency of vegetated Filter Strips (VFS) is commonly predicted with low success using empirical equations based solely on physical characteristics such as width and slope. The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate an empirical model with a foundation of VFS hydrological, sedimentological, and chemical specific parameters. The literature was reviewed to pool data from five studies with hypothesized significant parameters: pesticide and soil properties, percent reduction in runoff volume (i.e., infiltration) and sedimentation, and Filter strip width. The empirical model was constructed using a phase distribution parameter, defined as the ratio of pesticide mass in dissolved form to pesticide mass sorbed to sediment, along with the percent infiltration, percent sedimentation, and the percent clay content (R(2) = 0.86 and standard deviation of differences [STDD] of 7.8%). Filter strip width was not a statistically significant parameter in the empirical model. For low to moderately sorbing pesticides, the phase distribution factor became statistically insignificant; for highly sorbing pesticides, the phase distribution factor became the most statistically significant parameter. For independent model evaluation datasets, the empirical model based on infiltration and sediment reduction, the phase distribution factor, and the percent clay content (STDD of 14.5%) outperformed existing Filter strip width equations (STDD of 38.7%). This research proposed a procedure linking a VFS hydrologic simulation model with the proposed empirical trapping efficiency equation. For datasets with sufficient information for the VFS modeling, the linked numerical and empirical models significantly (R(2) = 0.74) improved predictions of pesticide trapping over empirical equations based solely on physical VFS characteristics.
Steven I Safferman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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field application of farmstead runoff to vegetated Filter Strips surface and subsurface water quality assessment
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2012Co-Authors: Rebecca A Larson, Steven I SaffermanAbstract:: Farmstead runoff poses significant environmental impacts to ground and surface waters. Three vegetated Filter Strips were assessed for the treatment of dairy farmstead runoff at the soil surface and subsurface at 0.3- or 0. 46-m and 0. 76-m depths for numerous storm events. A medium-sized Michigan dairy was retrofitted with two Filter Strips on sandy loam soil and a third Filter strip was implemented on a small Michigan dairy with sandy soil to collect and treat runoff from feed storage, manure storage, and other impervious farmstead areas. All Filter Strips were able to eliminate surface runoff via infiltration for all storm events over the duration of the study, eliminating pollutant contributions to surface water. Subsurface effluent was monitored to determine the contributing groundwater concentrations of numerous pollutants including chemical oxygen demand (COD), metals, and nitrates. Subsurface samples have an average reduction of COD concentrations of 20, 11, and 85% for the medium dairy Filter Strip 1 (FS1), medium dairy Filter Strip 2 (FS2), and the small Michigan dairy respectively, resulting in average subsurface concentrations of 355, 3960, and 718 mg L COD. Similar reductions were noted for ammonia and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in the subsurface effluent. The small Michigan dairy was able to reduce the pollutant leachate concentrations of COD, TKN, and ammonia over a range of influent concentrations. Increased influent concentrations in the medium Michigan dairy Filter Strips resulted in an increase in COD, TKN, and ammonia concentrations in the leachate. Manganese was leached from the native soils at all Filter Strips as evidenced by the increase in manganese concentrations in the leachate. Nitrate concentrations were above standard drinking water limits (10 mg L), averaging subsurface concentrations of 11, 45, and 25 mg L NO-N for FS1, FS2, and the small Michigan dairy, respectively.
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vegetative Filter Strips surface and subsurface water quality
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2011, 2011Co-Authors: Rebecca A Larson, Steven I SaffermanAbstract:Agricultural vegetative Filter Strips were examined using laboratory soil columns and two field sites to assess the subsurface effluent water quality following the application of farmstead runoff. Three Filter Strips and 30 soil columns were assessed for leachate and revealed significant reductions of nutrients and oxygen demand for sandy soils as compared to sandy loam soils. Soil depth and type were determined to be significant factors in removal of COD, BOD, Ammonia, TKN, and TS prior to reaching groundwater. Removal rates for these particular contaminants were also greater at 30 and 48 inches of soil depth in comparison to 12 inches of subsurface depth. However, all field sites posed groundwater concerns due to high concentrations of nitrates and heavy metals.