The Experts below are selected from a list of 50832 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Timothy J Brennan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the complement market Final Consumer distinction exclusion predation in the u s department of justice section 2 report
    Social Science Research Network, 2008
    Co-Authors: Timothy J Brennan
    Abstract:

    A crucial and generally neglected distinction in monopolization cases is between those involving conduct that makes a product more attractive in the short term to Final Consumers, and those in which competition among retailers, distributors, or other complement providers is suppressed. Predation cases are typical of the first category, while reducing competition in complement markets is a hallmark of exclusion. Predation cases merit high bars, e.g., where the conduct could not conceivably respond to competition, but the exclusionary conduct should be assessed by its effect on a relevant complement market. The Department of Justice's report on single-firm conduct takes some steps toward recognizing this distinction, but should have done more, particularly with regard to bundled rebates. The relevance of regulated industries and the need to establish prior monopoly is necessary for monopolization cases are briefly assessed as well.

  • the complement market Final Consumer distinction exclusion predation in the u s department of justice section 2 report
    Antitrust Chronicle, 2008
    Co-Authors: Timothy J Brennan
    Abstract:

    Most competition law falls into one of three categories. The first, cartel behavior, is relatively uncontroversial. The basics of the second, horizontal mergers, are generally accepted, but how best to implement itA¢â‚¬â€ efficiency defenses, welfare standards, the need for market definition, or the value of customer testimonyA¢â‚¬â€ can be hotly contested. The most controversial category is single-firm conduct, called monopolization in the United States and abuse of dominance in much of the rest of the world.

G Benysek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hybrid voltage sag swell compensators a review of hybrid ac ac converters
    IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jacek Kaniewski, Pawel Szczesniak, Marcin Jarnut, G Benysek
    Abstract:

    The parameters of electrical energy, such as supply voltage amplitude, are very important, especially from the viewpoint of the Final Consumer with respect to sensitive loads connected to the grid. Dynamic states in the power grid?voltage sags and swells?might cause faults and defects to develop in sensitive loads. To mitigate unwanted effects, many topologies of ac/ac converters are implemented as voltage compensators. This article presents a review of hybrid ac/ac converters designed to compensate voltage sags and swells with the aim of protecting sensitive loads against sudden and severe changes in supply voltage amplitude. In this article, only solutions without galvanic separation between source and load are described. To assess the properties and to compare different topologies of voltage compensators, some common parameters, such as range of voltage sag and swell compensation, reliability, quantity of switches and transformers, and required power ratings of power electronic units in relation to power of load, are introduced. In addition, we discuss possibilities for compensation of voltage interruption, time of compensation, the efficiency, and the effect on the supply network of the described circuits. The results of the analysis have been collected and compared in tabular form and represented in graphical form. Furthermore, we show potential areas of application for particular solutions of ac voltage compensators.

  • ac voltage sag swell compensator based on three phase hybrid transformer with buck boost matrix reactance chopper
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jacek Kaniewski, Z Fedyczak, G Benysek
    Abstract:

    The parameters of electrical energy such as voltage amplitude are very important, particularly from the viewpoint of the Final Consumer and sensitive loads connected to the grid. The dynamic states in the power grid-deep voltage sags and swells-might cause faults and defects in sensitive loads. This paper deals with a three-phase hybrid transformer (HT) without dc energy storage to compensate voltage sags and swells and to protect sensitive loads against the rapid and extensive changes in supply voltage amplitude. The analyzed HT contains two main units: the first one is the conventional electromagnetic transformer, realizing an electromagnetic coupling, and the second one is the buck-boost matrix-reactance chopper, realizing an electrical coupling in the HT unit. In the presented solution, output voltage is transformed in two ways-electromagnetically and electrically. This paper presents an operational description, the theoretical analysis, and the experimental test results from a 2-kVA laboratory model. On the basis of the authors' research, it can be stated that the HT makes it possible to compensate deep voltage sags (deeper than 50% of nominal source voltage) and overvoltages (up to 140% of nominal source voltage) while maintaining good dynamic properties. The main advantages of the proposed solution, in comparison to other conventional solutions, are the ability to control the output voltage in the range of 0.66-3.5 US, good dynamics (transient state during source voltage uS amplitude change is shorter than 10 ms), and galvanic separation between source and load (such as in the case of the conventional electromagnetic transformer).

Jacek Kaniewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hybrid voltage sag swell compensators a review of hybrid ac ac converters
    IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jacek Kaniewski, Pawel Szczesniak, Marcin Jarnut, G Benysek
    Abstract:

    The parameters of electrical energy, such as supply voltage amplitude, are very important, especially from the viewpoint of the Final Consumer with respect to sensitive loads connected to the grid. Dynamic states in the power grid?voltage sags and swells?might cause faults and defects to develop in sensitive loads. To mitigate unwanted effects, many topologies of ac/ac converters are implemented as voltage compensators. This article presents a review of hybrid ac/ac converters designed to compensate voltage sags and swells with the aim of protecting sensitive loads against sudden and severe changes in supply voltage amplitude. In this article, only solutions without galvanic separation between source and load are described. To assess the properties and to compare different topologies of voltage compensators, some common parameters, such as range of voltage sag and swell compensation, reliability, quantity of switches and transformers, and required power ratings of power electronic units in relation to power of load, are introduced. In addition, we discuss possibilities for compensation of voltage interruption, time of compensation, the efficiency, and the effect on the supply network of the described circuits. The results of the analysis have been collected and compared in tabular form and represented in graphical form. Furthermore, we show potential areas of application for particular solutions of ac voltage compensators.

  • ac voltage sag swell compensator based on three phase hybrid transformer with buck boost matrix reactance chopper
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jacek Kaniewski, Z Fedyczak, G Benysek
    Abstract:

    The parameters of electrical energy such as voltage amplitude are very important, particularly from the viewpoint of the Final Consumer and sensitive loads connected to the grid. The dynamic states in the power grid-deep voltage sags and swells-might cause faults and defects in sensitive loads. This paper deals with a three-phase hybrid transformer (HT) without dc energy storage to compensate voltage sags and swells and to protect sensitive loads against the rapid and extensive changes in supply voltage amplitude. The analyzed HT contains two main units: the first one is the conventional electromagnetic transformer, realizing an electromagnetic coupling, and the second one is the buck-boost matrix-reactance chopper, realizing an electrical coupling in the HT unit. In the presented solution, output voltage is transformed in two ways-electromagnetically and electrically. This paper presents an operational description, the theoretical analysis, and the experimental test results from a 2-kVA laboratory model. On the basis of the authors' research, it can be stated that the HT makes it possible to compensate deep voltage sags (deeper than 50% of nominal source voltage) and overvoltages (up to 140% of nominal source voltage) while maintaining good dynamic properties. The main advantages of the proposed solution, in comparison to other conventional solutions, are the ability to control the output voltage in the range of 0.66-3.5 US, good dynamics (transient state during source voltage uS amplitude change is shorter than 10 ms), and galvanic separation between source and load (such as in the case of the conventional electromagnetic transformer).

Mark Skidmore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • perfect competition urbanization and tax incidence in the retail gasoline market
    Economic Inquiry, 2009
    Co-Authors: James Alm, Edward Sennoga, Mark Skidmore
    Abstract:

    We use monthly gasoline price data for all 50 U.S. states over the period 1984–1999 to examine the incidence of state gasoline excise taxes. Our estimation results indicate full shifting of gasoline taxes to the Final Consumer. In addition, although we find that gasoline retail prices demonstrate asymmetric responses to changes in gasoline wholesale prices, we find only limited evidence of such behavior for retail prices with respect to gasoline excise taxes. Finally, we find that gasoline markets in urban states exhibit full shifting, but those in rural states (with less competition) demonstrate somewhat less than full shifting. (JEL H22)

  • perfect competition spatial competition and tax incidence in the retail gasoline market
    2005
    Co-Authors: James Alm, Edward Sennoga, Mark Skidmore
    Abstract:

    In this paper we use monthly gasoline price data for all fifty U.S. states over the period 1984 to 1999 to examine the incidence of state gasoline excise taxes. Standard economic theory predicts full shifting of the excise tax to Consumers when the supply of gasoline is perfectly elastic, and our empirical results are largely consistent with this prediction. In general, we find full shifting of gasoline taxes to the Final Consumer, with changes in gasoline taxes fully reflected in the tax-inclusive gasoline price almost instantly, a result consistent with a retail gasoline market in which firms are perfectly competitive and produce at constant cost. In addition, although we find that gasoline retail prices demonstrate asymmetric responses to changes in gasoline wholesale prices, we find only limited evidence of such behavior for retail prices with respect to gasoline excise taxes. Importantly, we also present a novel application of a spatial price discrimination model to examine tax incidence in markets that are not perfectly competitive. In this alternative framework, the incidence of excise taxes depends upon the competitiveness of retail gasoline markets, which depends in turn on spatial aspects of the market. Consistent with this alternative theoretical framework, our empirical estimates demonstrate that gasoline markets in urban states exhibit full shifting, but those in rural states demonstrate somewhat less than full shifting.

Scott J Vitell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Consumer ethics an empirical investigation of factors influencing ethical judgments of the Final Consumer
    Journal of Business Ethics, 1992
    Co-Authors: Scott J Vitell, James A Muncy
    Abstract:

    Business and marketing ethics have come to the forefront in recent years. While Consumers have been surveyed regarding their perceptions of ethical business and marketing practices, research has been minimal with regard to their ethical beliefs and ideologies. This research investigates general attitudes of Consumers relative to business, government and people in general, and compares these attitudes to their beliefs concerning various questionable Consumer practices. The results show that Consumers' ethical beliefs are determined, in part, by who is at fault in the unethical behavior (the seller or the buyer). The results also indicate that those with a more positive attitude toward business are less likely to engage in questionable Consumer practices, but one's attitudes toward salespeople, the government and people in general arenot related to the Consumer's ethical beliefs.

  • Consumer ethics an investigation of the ethical beliefs of the Final Consumer
    Journal of Business Research, 1992
    Co-Authors: James A Muncy, Scott J Vitell
    Abstract:

    Though ethics in the marketing exchange process has been the focus of substantial research, very little research has been done on the buyer side of this dyad. This article presents the results of a two-part study exploring Consumers’ perceptions about situations they face as Consumers, and which have potential ethical content. The results identify three factors that affect Consumers’ perceptions regarding the ethical content of these situations: the locus of the fault, the presence of deception on the part of the Consumer, and the degree of harm. Further analysis also indicates that Consumers’ ethical decision making may be related to certain demographic characteristics. Though the current study is purely exploratory, the results provide promise in developing a positive theory of Consumer ethics.