The Experts below are selected from a list of 1782 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Manfred Eggersdorfer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vitamin d a critical and essential micronutrient for human health
Frontiers in Physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Igor Bendik, Angelika Friedel, Franz F Roos, Peter Weber, Manfred EggersdorferAbstract:Vitamin D is a micronutrient that is needed for optimal health throughout the whole life. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) can be either synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to the UV light of the sun, or it is obtained from the diet. If the photoconversion in the skin due to reduced sun exposure (e.g., in wintertime) is insufficient, intake of adequate vitamin D from the diet is essential to health. Severe vitamin D deficiency can lead to a multitude of avoidable illnesses; among them are well-known bone diseases like osteoporosis, a number of autoimmune diseases, many different cancers, and some cardiovascular diseases like hypertension are being discussed. Vitamin D is found naturally in only very few foods. Foods containing vitamin D include some fatty Fish, Fish Liver Oils, and eggs from hens that have been fed vitamin D and some fortified foods in countries with respective regulations. Based on geographic location or food availability adequate vitamin D intake might not be sufficient on a global scale. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) has collected the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D plasma levels in populations of different countries using published data and developed a global vitamin D map. This map illustrates the parts of the world, where vitamin D did not reach adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels: 6.7% of the papers report 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels below 25 nmol/L, which indicates vitamin D deficiency, 37.3% are below 50 nmol/Land only 11.9% found 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels above 75 nmol/L target as suggested by vitamin D experts. The vitamin D map is adding further evidence to the vitamin D insufficiency pandemic debate, which is also an issue in the developed world. Besides malnutrition, a condition where the diet does not match to provide the adequate levels of nutrients including micronutrients for growth and maintenance, we obviously have a situation where enough nutrients were consumed, but lacked to reach sufficient vitamin D micronutrient levels. The latter situation is known as hidden hunger. The inadequate vitamin D status impacts on health care costs, which in turn could result in significant savings, if corrected. Since little is known about the effects on the molecular level that accompany the pandemic like epigenetic imprinting, the insufficiency-triggered gene regulations or the genetic background influence on the body to maintain metabolic resilience, future research will be needed. The nutrition community is highly interested in the molecular mechanism that underlies the vitamin D insufficiency caused effect. In recent years, novel large scale technologies have become available that allow the simultaneous acquisition of transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, or metabolome data in cells of organs. These important methods are now used for nutritional approaches summarized in emerging scientific fields of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, or nutriepigenetics. It is believed that with the help of these novel concepts further understanding can be generated to develop future sustainable nutrition solutions to safeguard nutrition security.
Igor Bendik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vitamin d a critical and essential micronutrient for human health
Frontiers in Physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Igor Bendik, Angelika Friedel, Franz F Roos, Peter Weber, Manfred EggersdorferAbstract:Vitamin D is a micronutrient that is needed for optimal health throughout the whole life. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) can be either synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to the UV light of the sun, or it is obtained from the diet. If the photoconversion in the skin due to reduced sun exposure (e.g., in wintertime) is insufficient, intake of adequate vitamin D from the diet is essential to health. Severe vitamin D deficiency can lead to a multitude of avoidable illnesses; among them are well-known bone diseases like osteoporosis, a number of autoimmune diseases, many different cancers, and some cardiovascular diseases like hypertension are being discussed. Vitamin D is found naturally in only very few foods. Foods containing vitamin D include some fatty Fish, Fish Liver Oils, and eggs from hens that have been fed vitamin D and some fortified foods in countries with respective regulations. Based on geographic location or food availability adequate vitamin D intake might not be sufficient on a global scale. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) has collected the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D plasma levels in populations of different countries using published data and developed a global vitamin D map. This map illustrates the parts of the world, where vitamin D did not reach adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels: 6.7% of the papers report 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels below 25 nmol/L, which indicates vitamin D deficiency, 37.3% are below 50 nmol/Land only 11.9% found 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels above 75 nmol/L target as suggested by vitamin D experts. The vitamin D map is adding further evidence to the vitamin D insufficiency pandemic debate, which is also an issue in the developed world. Besides malnutrition, a condition where the diet does not match to provide the adequate levels of nutrients including micronutrients for growth and maintenance, we obviously have a situation where enough nutrients were consumed, but lacked to reach sufficient vitamin D micronutrient levels. The latter situation is known as hidden hunger. The inadequate vitamin D status impacts on health care costs, which in turn could result in significant savings, if corrected. Since little is known about the effects on the molecular level that accompany the pandemic like epigenetic imprinting, the insufficiency-triggered gene regulations or the genetic background influence on the body to maintain metabolic resilience, future research will be needed. The nutrition community is highly interested in the molecular mechanism that underlies the vitamin D insufficiency caused effect. In recent years, novel large scale technologies have become available that allow the simultaneous acquisition of transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, or metabolome data in cells of organs. These important methods are now used for nutritional approaches summarized in emerging scientific fields of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, or nutriepigenetics. It is believed that with the help of these novel concepts further understanding can be generated to develop future sustainable nutrition solutions to safeguard nutrition security.
I D Rae - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vitamin a and australian Fish Liver Oils
Historical Records of Australian Science, 2014Co-Authors: I D RaeAbstract:Research by an organic chemist at the University of Melbourne and support from Australia's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research provided the basis for a wartime industry when Australia was unable to maintain access to traditional supplies of cod Liver oil from Britain and Norway in the 1940s. Two major pharmaceutical companies gathered oil from the Livers of sharks in southern Australia that was rich in vitamin A, and so met domestic and military needs for this nutritional supplement. Other companies joined in and by the end of the war Australia had a flourishing industry that derived synergy from the marketing of shark flesh for human consumption. South Africa was a leader among countries that expanded Fish-oil production in the late 1940s, as a result of which Australian producers suffered from import competition. A Tariff Board hearing found that the Australian industry was unable to meet local needs and so did not recommend increased tariffs. The industry struggled for years until the perceived nutritional benefits of other components of the Fish Oils helped to revive markets.
Sorour Noha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of phenolic lipids in solvent-free medium using selected edible Oils and phenolic acids
McGill University, 2011Co-Authors: Sorour NohaAbstract:The enzymatic synthesis of phenolic lipids (PLs) in solvent-free medium (SFM), by transesterification of flaxseed and Fish Liver Oils with selected phenolic acids was investigated, using Candida antarctica lipase as the biocatalyst. The enzymatic synthesis of phenolic lipids from flaxseed oil was optimized in terms of water activity, agitation speed, enzyme and phenolic acid concentrations. Increasing the water activity of the flaxseed oil reaction mixture from 0.18 to 0.38 resulted in a significant increase in the bioconversion yield from 62 to 77%. The highest enzymatic activity (178 nmol of PLs/g solid enzyme/min) was obtained with the use of 40 mg of solid enzyme (400 PLU)/mL reaction volume at 150 rpm. Under the optimized conditions there was a significant increase in the proportion of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), which increased from 57% in the flaxseed oil to 75 and 64% in the produced phenolic mono- and diacylglycerols, respectively. The volumetric productivity (Pv) of the transesterification of flaxseed oil and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DHPA) in SFM was increased 11-fold as compared to that in organic solvent medium. On the other hand, a bioconversion yield of 61% was obtained for the transesterification of Fish Liver oil with dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA). Optimization of the enzymatic synthesis of phenolic lipids in SFM from Fish Liver oil was carried out, using response surface methodology (RSM), based on a four-factor-five-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The optimal conditions for the enzymatic reaction were obtained at 50.0ºC, 20.9 mM phenolic acid, 51.2 mg of solid enzyme (512 PLU)/mL, 160 rpm agitation speed, water activity of 0.5 and 3.45 mg Silica gel/mL. The bioconversion yield obtained under these optimized conditions was 86.5%, which is very close to the predicted value of 84.5%. Hence, the predicted values showed good validation with the experimental ones. The overall results demonstrated that RSM can be applied effectively to optimize lipase-catalyzed synthesis of phenolic lipids in SFM, from Fish Liver oil and DHCA. Under the optimized conditions, there was a significant increase in the relative proportions of the two highly desirable essential fatty acids, where (EPA, C20:5 n-3) was increased from 11.5% in the unmodified Fish Liver oil to 21.2, 20.7, 20.8, 20.1 and 19.8% in dihydrocaffeoylated, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetoylated, caffeoylated, feruloylated and sinapoylated lipids, respectively, whereas (DHA, C22:6 n-3) increased from 12.0% to 21.4, 19.4, 27.5, 22.1 and 22.0%, respectively. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrophotometry (APCI-MS) analyses confirmed the formation of six 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetoylated and six dihydrocaffeoylated lipids from the transesterification of flaxseed and Fish Liver Oils in SFM using DHPA and DHCA, respectively, as substrates. Although the synthesized phenolic lipids demonstrated radical scavenging activity, expressed as IC50 from 1.6 to 3.7-fold higher than that of its corresponding phenolic acid, it was compared to that of α-tocopherol.La biosynthèse des lipides phénoliques sans solvent, par la transésterification de l'huile de graines de lin (HGL) et l'huile de foie de poisson (HFP) en utilisant comme substrats les acides phénoliques, a été étudiée en utilisant la lipase Candida antarctica comme biocatalyseur. L'optimisation de la biosynthèse des lipides phénoliques à partir de l'HGL a été investiguée en considérant l'activité thermodynamique de l'eau, la vitesse d'agitation, la concentration de l'enzyme et l'acide phénolique. Le rendement de la bioconversion a augmenté de 62 à 77% lorsque l'activité thermodynamique de l'eau du mélange réactionnel de l'HGL a augmenté de 0.18 à 0.38. L'activité enzymatique maximale (178 nmol de PLs/g solide enzyme/min) a été obtenue lors de l'utilisation de 40 mg d'enzyme solide (400 PLU/mL de volume réactionnel) à 150 rpm. En utilisant les conditions réactionnelles optimales, la proportion de l'acide linolénique (C18:3 n-3) a augmenté significativement de 57% dans l'HGL à 75 et 64% dans les produit mono- et diacylglycerols phénoliques, respectivement. La production volumétrique (Pv) de la transésterification de l'HGL et de l'acide dihydroxyphényl acétique (ADHP) en milieu non organique a été 11 fois supérieure à celle obtenue dans le milieu organique. Par ailleurs, le rendement de la bioconversion de 61% a été obtenu lors de la transésterification de l'HFP et de l'acide dihydrocafféique (ADHC). L'optimisation de la synthèse enzymatique des lipides phénoliques a été étudiée en utilisant la méthodologie des surfaces de réponse (MSR), basée sur le factorielle quatre à cinq niveaux sur un plan composite centrale rotatif. Les conditions optimales de la réaction enzymatique ont été déterminées comme suit: 50.0ºC, 20.9 mM d'acide phénolique, 51.2 mg d'enzyme solide (512 PLU)/mL, vitesse de l'agitation 160 rpm, 0.5 de l'activité thermodynamique de l'eau et 3.45 mg de gel Silicate/mL. Le rendement de bioconversion maximum obtenu expérimentalement de 86.5% est très proche de la valeur prédite de 84.5%. Ceci démontre une bonne validation du model. Les résultats, en général, démontrent que la MSR peut être appliquée effectivement pour l'optimisation de la biosynthèse des phénols lipidiques en l'absence de solvant à partir de l'HFP et l'ADHC en utilisant la lipase comme biocatalyseur. Dans les conditions optimales, il y a eu une augmentation significative des proportions relatives des deux acides gras essentiels désirés. L'EPA (C20:5 n-3) dans l'HFP modifié a augmenté de 11.5% à 21.2, 20.7, 20.8, 20.1 et 19.8% dans les lipides dihydrocaffeoylates, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetoylates, caffeoylates, feruloylates et sinapoylates, respectivement, alors que (DHA, C22:6 n-3) a augmenté de 12.0% à 21.4, 19.4, 27.5, 22.1 et 22.0%, respectivement. Les analyses de l'ionisation chimique à pression atmosphérique-spectroscopie de masse (APCI-MS) confirment la formation de six 3,4-dihydroxyphényl acetoylates et de six lipides dihydrocaffeoylates, à partir de la transésterification de l'HGL et de l'HFP avec l'ADHP et l'ADHC, respectivement. Les lipides phenoliques synthetisés ont demontré un pouvoir radicalaire, exprimé par le IC50, de 1.6 à 3.7-fois supérieure à celui des acides phénoliques correspondants, mais il était comparable à celui de α-tocophérol
Angelika Friedel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vitamin d a critical and essential micronutrient for human health
Frontiers in Physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Igor Bendik, Angelika Friedel, Franz F Roos, Peter Weber, Manfred EggersdorferAbstract:Vitamin D is a micronutrient that is needed for optimal health throughout the whole life. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) can be either synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to the UV light of the sun, or it is obtained from the diet. If the photoconversion in the skin due to reduced sun exposure (e.g., in wintertime) is insufficient, intake of adequate vitamin D from the diet is essential to health. Severe vitamin D deficiency can lead to a multitude of avoidable illnesses; among them are well-known bone diseases like osteoporosis, a number of autoimmune diseases, many different cancers, and some cardiovascular diseases like hypertension are being discussed. Vitamin D is found naturally in only very few foods. Foods containing vitamin D include some fatty Fish, Fish Liver Oils, and eggs from hens that have been fed vitamin D and some fortified foods in countries with respective regulations. Based on geographic location or food availability adequate vitamin D intake might not be sufficient on a global scale. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) has collected the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D plasma levels in populations of different countries using published data and developed a global vitamin D map. This map illustrates the parts of the world, where vitamin D did not reach adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels: 6.7% of the papers report 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels below 25 nmol/L, which indicates vitamin D deficiency, 37.3% are below 50 nmol/Land only 11.9% found 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels above 75 nmol/L target as suggested by vitamin D experts. The vitamin D map is adding further evidence to the vitamin D insufficiency pandemic debate, which is also an issue in the developed world. Besides malnutrition, a condition where the diet does not match to provide the adequate levels of nutrients including micronutrients for growth and maintenance, we obviously have a situation where enough nutrients were consumed, but lacked to reach sufficient vitamin D micronutrient levels. The latter situation is known as hidden hunger. The inadequate vitamin D status impacts on health care costs, which in turn could result in significant savings, if corrected. Since little is known about the effects on the molecular level that accompany the pandemic like epigenetic imprinting, the insufficiency-triggered gene regulations or the genetic background influence on the body to maintain metabolic resilience, future research will be needed. The nutrition community is highly interested in the molecular mechanism that underlies the vitamin D insufficiency caused effect. In recent years, novel large scale technologies have become available that allow the simultaneous acquisition of transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, or metabolome data in cells of organs. These important methods are now used for nutritional approaches summarized in emerging scientific fields of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, or nutriepigenetics. It is believed that with the help of these novel concepts further understanding can be generated to develop future sustainable nutrition solutions to safeguard nutrition security.