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Pieter D. Verdouw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fish Oil and the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Regression
    1994
    Co-Authors: Pieter D. Verdouw
    Abstract:

    Summary. Epidemiological studies in the seventies have put forward that dietary rather than genetic factors are responsible for the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease in Greenland Inuit and have generated a large body of both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, exploring the putative favorable effects of Fish (Oil) on atherogenesis and its risk factors. The first part of this report reviews the in vivo animal studies, concentrating on the hypercholesterolemic models and the arterialized vein graft model. In the hypercholesterolemic animal studies, the results are inconclusive as the studies reporting a protective effect are matched by the number of studies showing no effect or an adverse effect. The diversity in species, dose of Fish Oil, duration of study, type of vessel studied and type of Fish Oil preparation (content of n-3 fatty acids, unesterified n-3 fatty acids, ethylesters or triglyceridcs) could all contribute. Furthermore, the definitions and criteria used in the literature to evaluate atherogenesis are diverse and it appears that while one parameter is affected, another is not necessarily modified in the same direction, stressing the importance of extending the analysis of the effects on atherogenesis to more than one parameter. We also believe that it is time to reach a consensus as to which animal model mimicks most closely a particular human situation. Only in appropriate models, investigating more than one atherosclerosis variable, can the effects of a putative anti-atherogenic drug or diet be verified. In the veno-arterial autograft model, mimicking the patient after coronary bypass grafting, dietary Fish Oil has been consistently effective in preventing accelerated graft intima proliferation. It could therefore be of interest to evaluate the effects of Fish Oil on graft patency in patients after coronary bypass surgery after a period of years. The results from studies on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are also reviewed and it is concluded that the two large scale trials, that are currently underway, might reliably answer the question whether Fish Oil is effective as a non-pharmacological adjuvants in the prevention of restenosis. Lastly, the studies on the effects of Fish Oil on the regression of experimental atherosclerosis are reviewed. In view of the small number of studies (i.e., four) investigating the effects of Fish Oil on the regression of atherosclerosis, it is premature to draw any conclusion, and therefore further experimental work is required. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994;8:179-191

  • Fish Oil and the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis
    Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 1994
    Co-Authors: Loes M. A. Sassen, Jos M. J. Lamers, Pieter D. Verdouw
    Abstract:

    Epidemiological studies in the seventies have put forward that dietary rather than genetic factors are responsible for the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease in Greenland Inuit and have generated a large body of both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, exploring the putative favorable effects of Fish (Oil) on atherogenesis and its risk factors. The first part of this report reviews the in vivo animal studies, concentrating on the hypercholesterolemic models and the arterialized vein graft model. In the hypercholesterolemic animal studies, the results are inconclusive as the studies reporting a protective effect are matched by the number of studies showing no effect or an adverse effect. The diversity in species, dose of Fish Oil, duration of study, type of vessel studied and type of Fish Oil preparation (content of n-3 fatty acids, unesterified n-3 fatty acids, ethylesters or triglycerides) could all contribute. Furthermore, the definitions and criteria used in the literature to evaluate atherogenesis are diverse and it appears that while one parameter is affected, another is not necessarily modified in the same direction, stressing the importance of extending the analysis of the effects on atherogenesis to more than one parameter. We also believe that it is time to reach a consensus as to which animal model mimicks most closely a particular human situation. Only in appropriate models, investigating more than one atherosclerosis variable, can the effects of a putative anti-atherogenic drug or diet be verified. In the veno-arterial autograft model, mimicking the patient after coronary bypass grafting, dietary Fish Oil has been consistently effective in preventing accelerated graft intima proliferation. It could therefore be of interest to evaluate the effects of Fish Oil on graft patency in patients after coronary bypass surgery after a period of years. The results from studies on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are also reviewed and it is concluded that the two large scale trials, that are currently underway, might reliably answer the question whether Fish Oil is effective as a non-pharmacological adjuvants in the prevention of restenosis. Lastly, the studies on the effects of Fish Oil on the regression of experimental atherosclerosis are reviewed. In view of the small number of studies (i.e., four) investigating the effects of Fish Oil on the regression of atherosclerosis, it is premature to draw any conclusion, and therefore further experimental work is required.

Loes M. A. Sassen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fish Oil and the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis
    Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 1994
    Co-Authors: Loes M. A. Sassen, Jos M. J. Lamers, Pieter D. Verdouw
    Abstract:

    Epidemiological studies in the seventies have put forward that dietary rather than genetic factors are responsible for the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease in Greenland Inuit and have generated a large body of both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, exploring the putative favorable effects of Fish (Oil) on atherogenesis and its risk factors. The first part of this report reviews the in vivo animal studies, concentrating on the hypercholesterolemic models and the arterialized vein graft model. In the hypercholesterolemic animal studies, the results are inconclusive as the studies reporting a protective effect are matched by the number of studies showing no effect or an adverse effect. The diversity in species, dose of Fish Oil, duration of study, type of vessel studied and type of Fish Oil preparation (content of n-3 fatty acids, unesterified n-3 fatty acids, ethylesters or triglycerides) could all contribute. Furthermore, the definitions and criteria used in the literature to evaluate atherogenesis are diverse and it appears that while one parameter is affected, another is not necessarily modified in the same direction, stressing the importance of extending the analysis of the effects on atherogenesis to more than one parameter. We also believe that it is time to reach a consensus as to which animal model mimicks most closely a particular human situation. Only in appropriate models, investigating more than one atherosclerosis variable, can the effects of a putative anti-atherogenic drug or diet be verified. In the veno-arterial autograft model, mimicking the patient after coronary bypass grafting, dietary Fish Oil has been consistently effective in preventing accelerated graft intima proliferation. It could therefore be of interest to evaluate the effects of Fish Oil on graft patency in patients after coronary bypass surgery after a period of years. The results from studies on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are also reviewed and it is concluded that the two large scale trials, that are currently underway, might reliably answer the question whether Fish Oil is effective as a non-pharmacological adjuvants in the prevention of restenosis. Lastly, the studies on the effects of Fish Oil on the regression of experimental atherosclerosis are reviewed. In view of the small number of studies (i.e., four) investigating the effects of Fish Oil on the regression of atherosclerosis, it is premature to draw any conclusion, and therefore further experimental work is required.

Benno Kunz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sensory Assessment of Microencapsulated Fish Oil Powder
    Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2007
    Co-Authors: Wojciech Kolanowski, Danuta Jaworska, Jenny Weißbrodt, Benno Kunz
    Abstract:

    The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of microencapsulation by spray drying on Fish Oil sensory quality. Evaluated Fish Oil powders were coated with modified cellulose, skim milk powder and a mixture of Fish gelatin and cornstarch. Samples were stored in the presence of air and under vacuum and then sensory evaluated. It was shown that Fish Oil powders were very susceptible to oxidation resulting in off-flavor formation. Odor profiles of samples stored in the presence of air were unstable and showed increases in undesirable odor attributes, which were significantly correlated with peroxide value, especially in the case of samples formed by spray drying. Elimination of air from the packaging improved stability of all samples during storage in both odor profile and peroxide value. The main conclusion of this study is that microencapsulation, especially by spray drying, provokes strong changes in Fish Oil sensory quality. Microencapsulated Fish Oil powder is not stable and rapidly oxidizes in the presence of air. However, its stability may be improved when stored under vacuum.

  • Fish Oil stabilisation by microencapsulation with modified cellulose
    International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2004
    Co-Authors: Wojciech Kolanowski, Günther Laufenberg, Benno Kunz
    Abstract:

    Fish Oil is the richest dietary source of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Stabilisation of omega-3 PUFA against oxidation is an important task in food processing. The ability of modified celluloses to act as microencapsulating agents for Fish Oil was investigated. Fish Oil microcapsules were produced by spray-drying of homogenised emulsions containing modified celluloses and maltodextrin as coating materials. The quality of microcapsules was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, determination of encapsulation efficiency, peroxide value during storage and solubility in water. Methylocellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl methylocellulose (HPMC) showed good emulsifying properties. Homogenisation of emulsions resulted in creation of high amount of stable foam. More damage occurred in the powders coated with HPMC. The Oil retention level was very high, 98.5% (i.e. up to 400.0 g/kg ready powder). Samples with Fish Oil content of approximately 500.0 g/kg exhibited more structural damage impairing the stabilisation effect. This study indicates that the use of modified cellulose, especially MC, as a coating material for the preparation of spray-dried Fish Oil microcapsules improves the stability and the concentration of Fish Oil in the powder.

Paz Robert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Conventional spray-drying and future trends for the microencapsulation of Fish Oil
    Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Cristian Encina, Felipe Oyarzún-ampuero, Cristina Vergara, Begona Gimenez, Paz Robert
    Abstract:

    Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (LCω3-PUFA), are essential in human nutrition because they play an important role in humans and prevent several diseases. Fish Oil is a natural source of LCω3-PUFA that can be incorporated into food products. One of the major drawbacks of Oils containing a high amount of LCω3-PUFA, such as Fish Oils, is their high susceptibility to oxidation and unpleasant flavours. Microencapsulation of Fish Oil by spray-drying has been proposed as a strategy to retard lipid auto-oxidation, improving Oil stability, prolonging its shelf life, limiting the development of off-flavours and controlling the release into food. The encapsulation of Fish Oil by conventional spray-drying has been performed by preparing Fish Oil-in-water emulsions (micro- or nano-sized) by applying high shearing forces. The objective of this review is to compile the scientific research on the encapsulation of Fish Oil to discuss the main formulation and process variables that affect the physicochemical properties of the Fish Oil microparticles obtained by conventional spray-drying, the stability of Fish Oil during storage and the application of Fish Oil microparticles in food systems. An alternative strategy to conventional spray-drying (water-free spray-drying) is also proposed.

O. Olsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fish Oil reduces gastric acid secretion.
    Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claus Riber, Morten Wojdemann, Thue Bisgaard, H. Ingels, Jens F. Rehfeld, O. Olsen
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: The aim of the present investigation was to study gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and secretin during intraduodenal perfusion of either Fish Oil or trioleate. METHODS: Seven healthy volunteers were stimulated on two separate days in random order with intraduodenal perfusates of either Fish Oil or trioleate. RESULTS: Intravenous infusion with gastrin-17 was used as a background stimulation in doses mimicking a postprandial situation (39.9 +/- 4.8 pmol/l Fish Oil and 43.6 +/- 3.8 pmol/l trioleate). Gastric acid secretion increased significantly from a basal level of 0.7 +/- 0.1 meq/15 min to 4.0 +/- 0.6 meq/15 min (P < 0.05) before perfusion of Fish Oil, which reduced gastric acid secretion to 1.9 +/- 0.4 meq/15 min (P < 0.01). After termination of Fish Oil perfusion gastric acid secretion increased to preperfusion concentrations (P < 0.01). Perfusion of trioleate did not influence gastric acid secretion. Plasma concentrations of CCK rose significantly during perfusion of Fish Oil (from 2.8 +/- 0.6 pmol/l to 4.4 +/- 0.7pmol/l, P

  • Fish Oil Reduces Gastric Acid Secretion
    Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claus Riber, Morten Wojdemann, Thue Bisgaard, H. Ingels, Jens F. Rehfeld, O. Olsen
    Abstract:

    Background: The aim of the present investigation was to study gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and secretin during intraduodenal perfusion of either Fish Oil or trioleate. Methods: Seven healthy volunteers were stimulated on two separate days in random order with intraduodenal perfusates of either Fish Oil or trioleate. Results: Intravenous infusion with gastrin-17 was used as a background stimulation in doses mimicking a postprandial situation (39.9 ± 4.8 pmol/l Fish Oil and 43.6 ± 3.8 pmol/l trioleate). Gastric acid secretion increased significantly from a basal level of 0.7 ± 0.1 meq/15 min to 4.0 ± 0.6 meq/15 min (P < 0.05) before perfusion of Fish Oil, which reduced gastric acid secretion to 1.9 ± 0.4 meq/15 min (P < 0.01). After termination of Fish Oil perfusion gastric acid secretion increased to preperfusion concentrations (P < 0.01). Perfusion of trioleate did not influence gastric acid secretion. Plasma concentrations of CCK rose significantly during perfusion of Fish Oil (from 2.8 ± 0.6 pmol/l to 4.4 ± 0.7 pmol/l, P < 0.01), whereas trioleate only tended to increase CCK concentrations. Plasma concentrations of secretin did not change during perfusion of Fish Oil; however, concentrations were significantly lower during and after perfusion of trioleate (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The present study shows that intraduodenal perfusion of Fish Oil is associated with a significant reduction of the gastric acid secretion stimulated by gastrin in healthy humans.