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J Gardner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Striped Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Foliar Feeding on Pumpkin Yield
Journal of Entomological Science, 2003Co-Authors: Michael P. Hoffmann, Ramesh Ayyappath, J GardnerAbstract:Field and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the relationship between Foliar Feeding damage caused by striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and yiel...
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Effect of Striped Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Foliar Feeding on Winter Squash Injury and Yield
Journal of Entomological Science, 2002Co-Authors: Ramesh Ayyappath, Michael P. Hoffmann, J GardnerAbstract:The relationship between leaf Feeding injury caused by striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), and yield of winter squash, Cucurbita moschata Duch., was examined under field and laboratory conditions. In a field trial in 1998, individually-caged plants were artificially infested with varying numbers of beetles to create a range of injury levels. Treatments consisted of three levels of injury (1 to 25, 26 to 50, and >50%) and uninjured controls, each at the cotyledon-, first-, second-, and third-leaf stages of plant development. Under laboratory conditions, the leaf area consumed by known numbers of beetles for varying durations was quantified on cotyledon-, first-, second-, and third-leaf plants. In the field trial, winter squash was relatively tolerant of Foliar injury. Total fruit mass was influenced by injury level and growth stage, but not by their interaction. Number of fruit, mass per fruit and number of marketable fruit were influenced by the interaction of factors. Maturity rating was aff...
Martijn T Bezemer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Foliar Feeding insects acquire microbiomes from the soil rather than the host plant
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Emilia S Hannula, Robin Heinen, Feng Zhu, Martijn T BezemerAbstract:Microbiomes of soils and plants are linked, but how this affects microbiomes of aboveground herbivorous insects is unknown. We first generated plant-conditioned soils in field plots, then reared leaf-Feeding caterpillars on dandelion grown in these soils, and then assessed whether the microbiomes of the caterpillars were attributed to the conditioned soil microbiomes or the dandelion microbiome. Microbiomes of caterpillars kept on intact plants differed from those of caterpillars fed detached leaves collected from plants growing in the same soil. Microbiomes of caterpillars reared on detached leaves were relatively simple and resembled leaf microbiomes, while those of caterpillars from intact plants were more diverse and resembled soil microbiomes. Plant-mediated changes in soil microbiomes were not reflected in the phytobiome but were detected in caterpillar microbiomes, however, only when kept on intact plants. Our results imply that insect microbiomes depend on soil microbiomes, and that effects of plants on soil microbiomes can be transmitted to aboveground insects Feeding later on other plants.
Alan C Gange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactions involving rhizobacteria and Foliar Feeding insects
2018Co-Authors: Kiran R Gadhave, Alan C GangeAbstract:Rhizobacteria are key belowground drivers of plant–insect higher trophic interactions aboveground. Conventionally, rhizobacteria have been studied in the context of their effects on plant growth and yield in agricultural situations. However, the focus of rhizobacterial studies shifted recently to explore their effects on plant biochemistry, defense signaling, the plant microbiome, and insect herbivores. Here, we review the interactions between rhizobacteria and Foliar-Feeding insects and consider some of the mechanisms by which these interactions occur. To develop a robust understanding of whether and how rhizobacteria govern plant–insect interactions, a multidisciplinary approach involving ecological and -omics approaches is imperative. Such an approach will not only elucidate the key mechanisms underpinning these intricate interactions, including a wide range of variables at spatiotemporal scales, but also open new avenues for their applicability in agricultural and allied fields. This review attempts to (1) synthesize existing knowledge of rhizobacteria–plant–herbivore interactions, (2) identify and address the key issues in the current study systems, and (3) discuss the potential importance of rhizobacteria in insect community ecology.
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dual colonization of eucalyptus urophylla s t blake by arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi affects levels of insect herbivore attack
Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: Alan C Gange, Dominic R J Gane, Yinglong Chen, M GongAbstract:1 Eucalypts are an important part of plantation forestry in Asia but, in south China, productivity is very low. This is due to infertile soils and lack of indigenous symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. The genus Eucalyptus is unusual because it forms both arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. 2 Eucalyptus urophylla saplings were grown with and without AM (Glomus caledonium) and ECM (Laccaria laccata) fungi in a factorial design. Two experiments were performed: one to simulate nursery conditions and the other to simulate the early stages of plantation establishment. Plant growth was measured over 18 weeks and levels of insect attack were recorded. 3 The AM fungus reduced tree growth in the early stages, but the effect appeared to be transient. No effects of ECM were detected on tree growth, but the ectomycorrhiza reduced colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhiza. AM fungi appear to be rapid invaders of the root system, gradually being replaced by ECM. 4 Both fungal types affected levels of damage by insect herbivores. Most importantly, herbivory by the pest insects Anomala cupripes (Coleoptera) and Strepsicrates spp. (Lepidoptera) was decreased by ECM. 5 It is suggested that mycorrhizal effects on eucalypt insects may be determined by carbon allocation within the plant. Future studies of eucalypt mycorrhizas need to take into account the effects of the fungi on Foliar-Feeding insects and also the effects of insect herbivory on mycorrhizal establishment.
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ecological specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizae evidence from Foliar and seed Feeding insects
Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Alan C Gange, V K Brown, David M AplinAbstract:Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have a variety of effects on Foliar-Feeding insects, with the majority of these being positive, although reports of negative and null effects also exist. Virtually all previous experiments have used mobile insects confined in cages and have studied the effects of one, or at most two, species of mycorrhizae on one species of insect. The purpose of this study was to introduce a greater level of realism into insect–mycorrhizal experiments, by studying the responses of different insect Feeding guilds to a variety of AM fungi. We conducted two experiments involving three species of relatively immobile insects (a leaf-mining and two seed-Feeding flies) reared in natural conditions on a host (Leucanthemum vulgare). In a field study, natural levels of AM colonization were reduced, while in a phytometer trial, we experimentally colonized host plants with all possible combinations of three known mycorrhizal associates of L. vulgare. In general, AM fungi increased the stature (heigh...
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interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Foliar Feeding insects in plantago lanceolata l
New Phytologist, 1994Co-Authors: Alan C Gange, H M WestAbstract:summary A field experiment was conducted to investigate whether infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has any effect on herbivory by Foliar-Feeding insects. Plants of PI ant ago laureolata L. were grown in a randomized block design and natural levels of mycorrhizal infection reduced by the application of the granular fungicide iprodione. Plant growth responses were examined and herbivore bioassays performed by rearing both a chewing and sucking insect on the leaves of mycorrhizal and fungicide-treated plants. Fungicide application successfully reduced mycorrhizal infection, and this led to reductions in Foliar biomass, caused by lower leaf number. However, fungicide-treated plants suffered consistently higher levels of damage by centralist chewing and leaf-mining insects, which colonized the plants. The chewing insect bioassay confirmed the field results, in that larvae of Arttia caja L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) consumed more leaf material from plants in which infection was reduced. There was no evidence that AM fungi altered food quality for the chewing insect. Instead, infection caused an increase in the carbon/nutrient balance, which in turn led to increased levels of the carbon-based Feeding deterrents, aucubin and catalpol, The sucking insect, Mvzus perskae (Sulzer) reacted in an opposite fashion to the ehewtr. with performance being greater on mycorrhizal plants. Again, there was no evidence that an alteration in food Quality was the cause, and in this case infection may result in changes in leaf morphology which benefit the insect. We suggest that under conditions of high light and low nutrient availability. AM infection can alter the carbon/nutrient balance of plants, leading to an increased allocation to carbon-based defences. This can have important consequences for insect herbivore performance and the patterns of herbivory in field situations.
H M West - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Foliar Feeding insects in plantago lanceolata l
New Phytologist, 1994Co-Authors: Alan C Gange, H M WestAbstract:summary A field experiment was conducted to investigate whether infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has any effect on herbivory by Foliar-Feeding insects. Plants of PI ant ago laureolata L. were grown in a randomized block design and natural levels of mycorrhizal infection reduced by the application of the granular fungicide iprodione. Plant growth responses were examined and herbivore bioassays performed by rearing both a chewing and sucking insect on the leaves of mycorrhizal and fungicide-treated plants. Fungicide application successfully reduced mycorrhizal infection, and this led to reductions in Foliar biomass, caused by lower leaf number. However, fungicide-treated plants suffered consistently higher levels of damage by centralist chewing and leaf-mining insects, which colonized the plants. The chewing insect bioassay confirmed the field results, in that larvae of Arttia caja L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) consumed more leaf material from plants in which infection was reduced. There was no evidence that AM fungi altered food quality for the chewing insect. Instead, infection caused an increase in the carbon/nutrient balance, which in turn led to increased levels of the carbon-based Feeding deterrents, aucubin and catalpol, The sucking insect, Mvzus perskae (Sulzer) reacted in an opposite fashion to the ehewtr. with performance being greater on mycorrhizal plants. Again, there was no evidence that an alteration in food Quality was the cause, and in this case infection may result in changes in leaf morphology which benefit the insect. We suggest that under conditions of high light and low nutrient availability. AM infection can alter the carbon/nutrient balance of plants, leading to an increased allocation to carbon-based defences. This can have important consequences for insect herbivore performance and the patterns of herbivory in field situations.
Emilia S Hannula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Foliar Feeding insects acquire microbiomes from the soil rather than the host plant
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Emilia S Hannula, Robin Heinen, Feng Zhu, Martijn T BezemerAbstract:Microbiomes of soils and plants are linked, but how this affects microbiomes of aboveground herbivorous insects is unknown. We first generated plant-conditioned soils in field plots, then reared leaf-Feeding caterpillars on dandelion grown in these soils, and then assessed whether the microbiomes of the caterpillars were attributed to the conditioned soil microbiomes or the dandelion microbiome. Microbiomes of caterpillars kept on intact plants differed from those of caterpillars fed detached leaves collected from plants growing in the same soil. Microbiomes of caterpillars reared on detached leaves were relatively simple and resembled leaf microbiomes, while those of caterpillars from intact plants were more diverse and resembled soil microbiomes. Plant-mediated changes in soil microbiomes were not reflected in the phytobiome but were detected in caterpillar microbiomes, however, only when kept on intact plants. Our results imply that insect microbiomes depend on soil microbiomes, and that effects of plants on soil microbiomes can be transmitted to aboveground insects Feeding later on other plants.