The Experts below are selected from a list of 212148 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Peter W. Kalivas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Pietro Cottone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the trace amine associated receptor 1 agonist ro5256390 blocks compulsive binge like eating in rats
    Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Antonio Ferragud, Catherine F Moore, Valentina Sabino, Adam D Howell, Pietro Cottone
    Abstract:

    Compulsive, binge eating of highly palatable food constitutes a core feature of some forms of obesity and eating disorders, as well as of the recently proposed disorder of food addiction. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a highly conserved G-protein-coupled receptor bound by endogenous trace amines. TAAR1 agonists have been shown to reduce multiple Behavioral effects of drugs of abuse through their actions on the mesocorticolimbic system. In this study, we hypothesized that TAAR1 may have a role in compulsive, binge-like eating; we tested this hypothesis by assessing the effects of a TAAR1 agonist, RO5256390, in multiple excessive feeding-related Behaviors induced by limiting access to a highly palatable diet in rats. Our results show that RO5256390 blocked binge-like eating in rats responding 1 h per day for a highly palatable sugary diet. Consistent with a palatability-selective effect, drug treatment selectively reduced the rate and regularity of palatable food responding, but it did not affect either baseline intake or food restriction-induced overeating of the standard chow diet. Furthermore, RO5256390 fully blocked compulsive-like eating when the palatable diet was offered in an aversive compartment of a light/dark conflict box, and blocked the conditioned rewarding properties of palatable food, as well as palatable Food-Seeking Behavior in a second-order schedule of reinforcement. Drug treatment had no effect on either anxiety-like or depressive-like Behavior, and it did not affect control performance in any of the tests. Importantly, rats exposed to palatable food showed decreased TAAR1 levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and RO5256390 microinfused into the infralimbic, but not prelimbic, subregion of the mPFC-reduced binge-like eating. Altogether, these results provide evidence for TAAR1 agonism as a novel pharmacological treatment for compulsive, binge eating.

  • the uncompetitive n methyl d aspartate antagonist memantine reduces binge like eating food seeking Behavior and compulsive eating role of the nucleus accumbens shell
    Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Karen L Smith, Chiara Giuliano, Barry J Everitt, Valentina Sabino, Rahul R Rao, Clara Velazquezsanchez, Marta Valenza, Pietro Cottone
    Abstract:

    Binge-eating disorder is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable consumption of palatable food within brief periods of time. The role of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system in hedonic feeding is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of the uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on palatable food-induced Behavioral adaptations using a rat model, which mimics the characteristic symptomatology observed in binge-eating disorder. For this purpose, we allowed male Wistar rats to respond to obtain a highly palatable, sugary diet (Palatable group) or a regular chow diet (Chow control group), for 1 h a day, under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule of reinforcement. Upon stabilization of food responding, we tested the effects of memantine on the Chow and Palatable food groups' intake. Then, we tested the effects of memantine on Food-Seeking Behavior, under a second-order schedule of reinforcement. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of memantine on the intake of food when it was offered in an aversive, bright compartment of a light/dark conflict test. Finally, we evaluated the effects of memantine on FR1 responding for food, when microinfused into the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) shell or core. Memantine dose-dependently decreased binge-like eating and fully blocked Food-Seeking Behavior and compulsive eating, selectively in the Palatable food group. The drug treatment did not affect performance of the control Chow food group. Finally, intra-NAcc shell, but not core, microinfusion of memantine decreased binge-like eating. Together, these findings substantiate a role of memantine as a potential pharmacological treatment for binge-eating disorder.

Athina Markou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • metabotropic glutamate 2 3 receptors in the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens shell are involved in Behaviors relating to nicotine dependence
    The Journal of Neuroscience, 2007
    Co-Authors: Matthias E Liechti, Loic Lhuillier, Klemens Kaupmann, Athina Markou
    Abstract:

    The motivation to maintain nicotine self-administration and dependence may involve alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptors regulate glutamate and dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, two brain areas critically involved in reward and motivational processes. We found that acute systemic, as well as intra-VTA or intra-NAc, administration of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 [(−)-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate] decreased nicotine, but not food, self-administration in rats. In addition, nicotine self-administration downregulated mGlu2/3 receptor function in corticolimbic rat brain sites including the VTA and the NAc, demonstrated by decreased coupling of mGlu2/3 receptors to G-proteins in the [35S]GTPγS binding assay. Furthermore, repeated treatment with LY379268 reduced nicotine self-administration at the beginning of a 14 d treatment period; however, the number of nicotine infusions earned gradually returned to baseline levels, indicating tolerance to the effects of repeated LY379268 treatment. Finally, LY379268 administration decreased both cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine- and Food-Seeking Behavior. Together, these findings indicate an important role for mGlu2/3 receptors in the posterior VTA and the NAc shell in the mediation of the rewarding effects of nicotine and potentially in cue-induced nicotine-seeking Behavior.

  • metabotropic glutamate receptor mglur5 antagonist mpep attenuated cue and schedule induced reinstatement of nicotine self administration Behavior in rats
    Neuropharmacology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Anton Bespalov, Olga A Dravolina, I Sukhanov, E S Zakharova, Elena Blokhina, E E Zvartau, Wojciech Danysz, Gino Van Heeke, Athina Markou
    Abstract:

    Abstract Previous studies suggested that metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptors play an important role in the reinforcing effects of abused drugs. The present experiments evaluated the effects of the mGlu5 receptor antagonist, MPEP (2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride; 1–10 mg/kg, salt, i.p.), in rat models of nicotine-seeking Behavior that may have relevance to relapse to drug-taking. Male Wistar rats (with restricted access to food) were trained to nose-poke to receive intravenous infusions of nicotine (0.03 mg/kg per infusion, base) under a fixed ratio 5 time out 60 s schedule of reinforcement. After stable nicotine self-administration was acquired, nose-poking Behavior was extinguished in the absence of nicotine-associated cues. During the reinstatement test phase, independent groups of animals were exposed to: (a) response-contingent nicotine-associated cues (cue-induced reinstatement); or (b) response-noncontingent presentations of 45-mg food pellets under fixed time 2 min schedule (schedule-induced reinstatement). Additional control experiments were conducted to demonstrate that in nicotine-naive animals MPEP does not affect cue-induced reinstatement of Food-Seeking Behavior and has no effects on operant Behavior maintained by a simple fixed interval 2 min schedule of food reinforcement. Pretreatment with MPEP (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking in both experiments. Further, MPEP (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated polydipsia induced by a fixed time 2 min food schedule. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that the blockade of mGlu5 receptors attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine self-administration Behavior (but not Food-Seeking) and may produce a general inhibition of schedule-induced Behaviors, including schedule-induced nicotine-seeking.

Suewei Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • drosophila mushroom bodies integrate hunger and satiety signals to control innate food seeking Behavior
    eLife, 2018
    Co-Authors: Changhui Tsao, Chienchun Chen, Chenhan Lin, Haoyu Yang, Suewei Lin
    Abstract:

    The fruit fly can evaluate its energy state and decide whether to pursue food-related cues. Here, we reveal that the mushroom body (MB) integrates hunger and satiety signals to control Food-Seeking Behavior. We have discovered five pathways in the MB essential for hungry flies to locate and approach food. Blocking the MB-intrinsic Kenyon cells (KCs) and the MB output neurons (MBONs) in these pathways impairs Food-Seeking Behavior. Starvation bi-directionally modulates MBON responses to a food odor, suggesting that hunger and satiety controls occur at the KC-to-MBON synapses. These controls are mediated by six types of dopaminergic neurons (DANs). By manipulating these DANs, we could inhibit Food-Seeking Behavior in hungry flies or promote food seeking in fed flies. Finally, we show that the DANs potentially receive multiple inputs of hunger and satiety signals. This work demonstrates an information-rich central circuit in the fly brain that controls hunger-driven Food-Seeking Behavior.

John D. Salamone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dopamine, Behavioral Economics, and Effort
    Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2009
    Co-Authors: John D. Salamone
    Abstract:

    There are numerous problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems, particularly in the nucleus accumbens, directly mediate the rewarding or primary motivational characteristics of natural stimuli such as food. Research and theory related to the functions of mesolimbic DA are undergoing a substantial conceptual restructuring, with the traditional emphasis on hedonia and primary reward yielding to other concepts and lines of inquiry. The present review is focused upon the involvement of nucleus accumbens DA in Behavioral activation and effort-related processes. Viewed from the framework of Behavioral economics, the effects of accumbens DA depletions and antagonism on food-reinforced Behavior are highly dependent upon the work requirements of the instrumental task, and DA depleted rats are more sensitive to increases in response costs (i.e., ratio requirements). Moreover, interference with accumbens DA transmission exerts a powerful infl uence over effort-related choice Behavior. Rats with accumbens DA depletions or antagonism reallocate their instrumental Behavior away from food-reinforced tasks that have high response requirements, and instead these rats select a less-effortful type of Food-Seeking Behavior. Nucleus accumbens DA and adenosine interact in the regulation of effort-related functions, and other brain structures (anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, ventral pallidum) also are involved. Studies of the brain systems regulating effort-based processes may have implications for understanding drug abuse, as well as energy-related disorders such as psychomotor slowing, fatigue or anergia in depression and other neurological disorders.

  • forebrain circuitry involved in effort related choice injections of the gabaa agonist muscimol into ventral pallidum alter response allocation in food seeking Behavior
    Neuroscience, 2008
    Co-Authors: Andrew M Farrar, Laura Font, Mariana Pereira, Susana Mingote, Jamie G Bunce, James J Chrobak, John D. Salamone
    Abstract:

    Organisms often make effort-related choices based upon assessments of motivational value and work requirements. Nucleus accumbens dopamine is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating work output in reinforcement-seeking Behavior. Rats with accumbens dopamine depletions reallocate their instrumental Behavior away from food-reinforced tasks that have high response requirements, and instead they select a less-effortful type of Food-Seeking Behavior. The ventral pallidum is a brain area that receives substantial GABAergic input from nucleus accumbens. It was hypothesized that stimulation of GABAA receptors in the ventral pallidum would result in Behavioral effects that resemble those produced by interference with accumbens dopamine transmission. The present studies employed a concurrent choice lever pressing/chow intake procedure; with this task, interference with accumbens dopamine transmission shifts choice Behavior such that lever pressing for food is decreased but chow intake is increased. In the present experiments, infusions of the GABAA agonist muscimol (5.0–10.0 ng) into the ventral pallidum decreased lever pressing for preferred food, but increased consumption of the less preferred chow. In contrast, ventral pallidal infusions of muscimol (10.0 ng) had no significant effect on preference for the palatable food in free-feeding choice tests. Furthermore, injections of muscimol into a control site dorsal to the ventral pallidum produced no significant effects on lever pressing and chow intake. These data indicate that stimulation of GABA receptors in ventral pallidum produces Behavioral effects similar to those produced by accumbens dopamine depletions. Ventral pallidum appears to be a component of the brain circuitry regulating response allocation and effort-related choice Behavior, and may act to convey information from nucleus accumbens to other parts of this circuitry. This research may have implications for understanding the brain mechanisms involved in energy-related psychiatric dysfunctions such as psychomotor retardation in depression, anergia, and apathy.

  • Nucleus accumbens dopamine and the regulation of effort in Food-Seeking Behavior: implications for studies of natural motivation, psychiatry, and drug abuse.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003
    Co-Authors: John D. Salamone, S Mingote, M. Correa, S. M. Weber
    Abstract:

    For several decades, it has been suggested that dopamine (DA), especially in nucleus accumbens, mediates the primary reinforcing characteristics of natural stimuli such as food, as well as drugs of abuse. Yet, several fundamental aspects of primary food reinforcement, motivation, and appetite are left intact after interference with accumbens DA transmission. Recent studies have shown that accumbens DA is involved in responsiveness to conditioned stimuli and activational aspects of motivation. In concurrent choice tasks, accumbens DA depletions cause animals to reallocate their choice Behavior in the direction of instrumental Behaviors that involve less effort. Also, an emerging body of evidence has demonstrated that the effects of accumbens DA depletions on instrumental Food-Seeking Behavior can vary greatly depending upon the task. For example, some schedules of reinforcement are insensitive to the effects of DA depletions, whereas others are highly sensitive (e.g., large fixed ratios). Accumbens DA depletions slow the rate of operant responding, blunt the rate-facilitating effects of moderate-sized ratios, and enhance the rate-suppressing effects of very large ratios (i.e., produce ratio strain). Accumbens DA may be important for enabling rats to overcome Behavioral constraints, such as work-related response costs, and may be critical for the Behavioral organization and conditioning processes that enable animals to engage in vigorous responses, such as barrier climbing, or to emit large numbers of responses in ratio schedules in the absence of primary reinforcement. The involvement of accumbens DA in activational aspects of motivation has implications for energy-related disorders in psychiatry, as well as aspects of drug-seeking Behavior.