The Experts below are selected from a list of 1743 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John M Butler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interpol review of Forensic biology and Forensic DNA Typing 2016 2019
2020Co-Authors: John M Butler, Sheila WillisAbstract:This review paper covers the Forensic-relevant literature in biological sciences from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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advanced topics in Forensic DNA Typing interpretation
2014Co-Authors: John M ButlerAbstract:Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Interpretation builds upon the previous two editions of John Butler's internationally acclaimed Forensic DNA Typing textbook with Forensic DNA analysts as its primary audience. Intended as a third-edition companion to the Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing volume published in 2010 and Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Methodology published in 2012, this book contains 16 chapters with 4 appendices providing up-to-date coverage of essential topics in this important field. Over 80 % of the content of this book is new compared to previous editions. * Provides Forensic DNA analysts coverage of the crucial topic of DNA mixture interpretation and statistical analysis of DNA evidence* Worked mixture examples illustrate the impact of different statistical approaches for reporting results* Includes allele frequencies for 24 commonly used autosomal STR loci, the revised Quality Assurance Standards which went into effect September 2011
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advanced topics in Forensic DNA Typing methodology
2011Co-Authors: John M ButlerAbstract:Sample collection, storage, and characterization -- DNA extraction methods -- DNA quantitation -- PCR amplification: capabilities and cautions -- Short tandem repeat (STR) loci and kits -- Capillary electrophoresis: principles and instrumentation -- Quality assurance and validation -- DNA databases: uses and issues -- Missing persons and disaster victim identification efforts -- Degraded DNA -- Low-level DNA testing: issues, concerns, and solutions -- Single nucleotide polymorphisms and applications -- Y-chromosome DNA testing -- Mitochondrial DNA analysis -- X-chromosome analysis -- Non-human DNA -- New technologies and automation -- Legal aspects of DNA testing and the scientific expert in court.
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fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing
2009Co-Authors: John M ButlerAbstract:Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing , Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
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DNA identifications after the 9 11 world trade center attack
2005Co-Authors: Leslie G Biesecker, Bruce Budowle, Joan E Baileywilson, Jack Ballantyne, Howard R Baum, Frederick R Bieber, Charles H Brenner, John M Butler, George Carmody, Michael P ConneallyAbstract:The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to Forensic DNA Typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine Forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA Forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.
Bruce Budowle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential highly polymorphic short tandem repeat markers for enhanced Forensic identity testing
2018Co-Authors: August E Woerner, Nicole M M Novroski, Bruce BudowleAbstract:Due to their polymorphic nature, short tandem repeats (STRs) are well-studied and routinely used genetic markers for Forensic DNA Typing. However, even the largest STR multiplexes are limited in their ability to parse out individuals in a DNA mixture sample, due to alleles shared by size detected by capillary electrophoresis and challenges in resolving minor alleles from stutter, and inherent heterozygote imbalance. In this study, STRs were explored in public datasets that displayed sequence variation and may have limited allele length spread. STRs were first selected using fundamental criteria of high heterozygosity, tetra-, penta-, or hexanucleotide repeat length, and overall relative narrow allele spread (based on length). All candidates were further scrutinized for chemistry compatibility. The resulting STRs were multiplexed and sequenced by massively parallel sequencing in a limited sample population set. Each candidate STR was evaluated for analytical performance and desired biological properties. The findings presented describe a refined set of 53 potential highly polymorphic STR markers (high sequence diversity and heterozygosity; reduced allele spread) that may be suitable to supplement the current core marker set(s) for possible enhanced characterization of complex DNA profiles.
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genetic analysis of the yavapai native americans from west central arizona using the illumina miseq fgx Forensic genomics system
2016Co-Authors: Frank R Wendt, Jennifer D. Churchill, Jonathan L King, Nicole M M Novroski, Robert F Oldt, Kelly L Mcculloh, Jessica A Weise, David Glenn Smith, Sreetharan Kanthaswamy, Bruce BudowleAbstract:Forensically-relevant genetic markers were typed for sixty-two Yavapai Native Americans using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit.These data are invaluable to the human identity community due to the greater genetic differentiation among Native American tribes than among other subdivisions within major populations of the United States. Autosomal, X-chromosomal, and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) and identity-informative (iSNPs), ancestry-informative (aSNPs), and phenotype-informative (pSNPs) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies are reported. Sequence-based allelic variants were observed in 13 autosomal, 3 X, and 3 Y STRs. These observations increased observed and expected heterozygosities for autosomal STRs by 0.081±0.068 and 0.073±0.063, respectively, and decreased single-locus random match probabilities by 0.051±0.043 for 13 autosomal STRs. The autosomal random match probabilities (RMPs) were 2.37×10-26 and 2.81×10-29 for length-based and sequence-based alleles, respectively. There were 22 and 25 unique Y-STR haplotypes among 26 males, generating haplotype diversities of 0.95 and 0.96, for length-based and sequencebased alleles, respectively. Of the 26 haplotypes generated, 17 were assigned to haplogroup Q, three to haplogroup R1b, two each to haplogroups E1b1b and L, and one each to haplogroups R1a and I1. Male and female sequence-based X-STR random match probabilities were 3.28×10-7 and 1.22×10-6, respectively. The average observed and expected heterozygosities for 94 iSNPs were 0.39±0.12 and 0.39±0.13, respectively, and the combined iSNP RMP was 1.08×10-32. The combined STR and iSNP RMPs were 2.55×10-58 and 3.02×10-61 for length-based and sequence-based STR alleles, respectively. Ancestry and phenotypic SNP information, performed using the ForenSeq™ Universal Analysis Software, predicted black hair, brown eyes, and some probability of East Asian ancestry for all but one sample that clustered between European and Admixed American ancestry on a principal components analysis. These data serve as the first population assessment using the ForenSeq™ panel and highlight the value of employing sequence-based alleles for Forensic DNA Typing to increase heterozygosity, which is beneficial for identity testing in populations with reduced genetic diversity.
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Evaluation of the Illumina® Beta Version ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit for use in genetic profiling
2016Co-Authors: Jennifer D. Churchill, Sarah E. Schmedes, Jonathan L King, Bruce BudowleAbstract:While capillary electrophoresis-based technologies have been the mainstay for human identity Typing applications, there are limitations with this methodology's resolution, scalability, and throughput. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) offers the capability to multiplex multiple types of Forensically-relevant markers and multiple samples together in one run all at an overall lower cost per nucleotide than traditional capillary electrophoresis-based methods; thus, addressing some of these limitations. MPS also is poised to expand Forensic Typing capabilities by providing new strategies for mixture deconvolution with the identification of intra-STR allele sequence variants and the potential to generate new types of investigative leads with an increase in the overall number and types of genetic markers being analyzed. The beta version of the Illumina ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit is a MPS library preparation method with a streamlined workflow that allows for targeted amplification and sequencing of 63 STRs and 95 identity SNPs, with the option to include an additional 56 ancestry SNPs and 22 phenotypic SNPs depending on the primer mix chosen for amplification, on the MiSeq desktop sequencer (Illumina). This study was divided into a series of experiments that evaluated reliability, sensitivity of detection, mixture analysis, concordance, and the ability to analyze challenged samples. Genotype accuracy, depth of coverage, and allele balance were used as informative metrics for the quality of the data produced. The ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit produced reliable, reproducible results and obtained full profiles with DNA input amounts of 1 ng. Data were found to be concordant with current capillary electrophoresis methods, and mixtures at a 1:19 ratio were resolved accurately. Data from the challenged samples showed concordant results with current DNA Typing methods with markers in common and minimal allele drop out from the large number of markers typed on these samples. This set of experiments indicates the beta version of the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit is a valid tool for Forensic DNA Typing and warrants full validation studies of this MPS technology.
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DNA identifications after the 9 11 world trade center attack
2005Co-Authors: Leslie G Biesecker, Bruce Budowle, Joan E Baileywilson, Jack Ballantyne, Howard R Baum, Frederick R Bieber, Charles H Brenner, John M Butler, George Carmody, Michael P ConneallyAbstract:The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to Forensic DNA Typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine Forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA Forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.
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DNA fingerprinting dispute laid to rest
1994Co-Authors: Eric S Lander, Bruce BudowleAbstract:Two principals in the once-raging debate over Forensic DNA Typing conclude that the scientific issues have all been resolved.
Nicole M M Novroski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential highly polymorphic short tandem repeat markers for enhanced Forensic identity testing
2018Co-Authors: August E Woerner, Nicole M M Novroski, Bruce BudowleAbstract:Due to their polymorphic nature, short tandem repeats (STRs) are well-studied and routinely used genetic markers for Forensic DNA Typing. However, even the largest STR multiplexes are limited in their ability to parse out individuals in a DNA mixture sample, due to alleles shared by size detected by capillary electrophoresis and challenges in resolving minor alleles from stutter, and inherent heterozygote imbalance. In this study, STRs were explored in public datasets that displayed sequence variation and may have limited allele length spread. STRs were first selected using fundamental criteria of high heterozygosity, tetra-, penta-, or hexanucleotide repeat length, and overall relative narrow allele spread (based on length). All candidates were further scrutinized for chemistry compatibility. The resulting STRs were multiplexed and sequenced by massively parallel sequencing in a limited sample population set. Each candidate STR was evaluated for analytical performance and desired biological properties. The findings presented describe a refined set of 53 potential highly polymorphic STR markers (high sequence diversity and heterozygosity; reduced allele spread) that may be suitable to supplement the current core marker set(s) for possible enhanced characterization of complex DNA profiles.
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genetic analysis of the yavapai native americans from west central arizona using the illumina miseq fgx Forensic genomics system
2016Co-Authors: Frank R Wendt, Jennifer D. Churchill, Jonathan L King, Nicole M M Novroski, Robert F Oldt, Kelly L Mcculloh, Jessica A Weise, David Glenn Smith, Sreetharan Kanthaswamy, Bruce BudowleAbstract:Forensically-relevant genetic markers were typed for sixty-two Yavapai Native Americans using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit.These data are invaluable to the human identity community due to the greater genetic differentiation among Native American tribes than among other subdivisions within major populations of the United States. Autosomal, X-chromosomal, and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) and identity-informative (iSNPs), ancestry-informative (aSNPs), and phenotype-informative (pSNPs) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies are reported. Sequence-based allelic variants were observed in 13 autosomal, 3 X, and 3 Y STRs. These observations increased observed and expected heterozygosities for autosomal STRs by 0.081±0.068 and 0.073±0.063, respectively, and decreased single-locus random match probabilities by 0.051±0.043 for 13 autosomal STRs. The autosomal random match probabilities (RMPs) were 2.37×10-26 and 2.81×10-29 for length-based and sequence-based alleles, respectively. There were 22 and 25 unique Y-STR haplotypes among 26 males, generating haplotype diversities of 0.95 and 0.96, for length-based and sequencebased alleles, respectively. Of the 26 haplotypes generated, 17 were assigned to haplogroup Q, three to haplogroup R1b, two each to haplogroups E1b1b and L, and one each to haplogroups R1a and I1. Male and female sequence-based X-STR random match probabilities were 3.28×10-7 and 1.22×10-6, respectively. The average observed and expected heterozygosities for 94 iSNPs were 0.39±0.12 and 0.39±0.13, respectively, and the combined iSNP RMP was 1.08×10-32. The combined STR and iSNP RMPs were 2.55×10-58 and 3.02×10-61 for length-based and sequence-based STR alleles, respectively. Ancestry and phenotypic SNP information, performed using the ForenSeq™ Universal Analysis Software, predicted black hair, brown eyes, and some probability of East Asian ancestry for all but one sample that clustered between European and Admixed American ancestry on a principal components analysis. These data serve as the first population assessment using the ForenSeq™ panel and highlight the value of employing sequence-based alleles for Forensic DNA Typing to increase heterozygosity, which is beneficial for identity testing in populations with reduced genetic diversity.
Bruce Mccord - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an investigation of pcr inhibition using plexor based quantitative pcr and short tandem repeat amplification
2014Co-Authors: E Robyn M S Thompson, George Duncan, Bruce MccordAbstract:A common problem in Forensic DNA Typing is PCR inhibition resulting in allele dropout and peak imbalance. In this paper, we have utilized the Plexor(®) real-time PCR quantification kit to evaluate PCR inhibition. This is performed by adding increasing concentrations of various inhibitors and evaluating changes in melt curves and PCR amplification efficiencies. Inhibitors examined included calcium, humic acid, collagen, phenol, tannic acid, hematin, melanin, urea, bile salts, EDTA, and guanidinium thiocyanate. Results were plotted and modeled using mathematical simulations. In general, we found that PCR inhibitors that bind DNA affect melt curves and CT takeoff points while those that affect the Taq polymerase tend to affect the slope of the amplification curve. Mixed mode effects were also visible. Quantitative PCR results were then compared with subsequent STR amplification using the PowerPlex(®) 16 HS System. The overall results demonstrate that real-time PCR can be an effective method to evaluate PCR inhibition and predict its effects on subsequent STR amplifications.
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Forensic DNA Typing by capillary electrophoresis using the abi prism 310 and 3100 genetic analyzers for str analysis
2004Co-Authors: John M Butler, Eric Buel, Federica Crivellente, Bruce MccordAbstract:DNA Typing with short tandem repeat (STR) markers is now widely used for a variety of applications including human identification. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments, such as the ABI Prism 310 and ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzers, are the method of choice for many laboratories performing STR analysis. This review discusses issues surrounding sample preparation, injection, separation, detection, and interpretation of STR results using CE systems. Requirements for accurate Typing of STR alleles are considered in the context of what future analysis platforms will need to increase sample throughput and ease of use.
Mark Benecke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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five cases of Forensic short tandem repeat DNA Typing
1997Co-Authors: C Schmitt, Mark BeneckeAbstract:In medicolegal samples DNA is often broken into fragments. In many cases, only the amplification of short tandem repeated DNA stretches (STRs), which are located in noncoding regions, allows DNA Typing of such degraded materials. To demonstrate the high diversity of biological materials which Forensic biologists have to deal with, and to outline the success rates and limits of the method, we describe five cases (minute amount of tissue on barrel, tissue in decay, tumor tissue, sperm after multiple rape, stored urine samples) in which Forensic DNA Typing was successfully performed by use of the short tandem repeats HUMDHFRP2, HUMD8S306, HUMCD4, HUMF13A1, HUMTH01, HUMVWA, and HUMFES.