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Paul Stuart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lessons learned: Designing the Forest Biorefinery
TAPPI Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Frédéric Clerc, Virginie Chambost, Paul StuartAbstract:The objective of this TAPPI JOURNAL (TJ) special feature is to synthesize critical information and take-away messages from the 2013 TAPPI Biorefinery Design Course in Green Bay, WI, USA, based on the presentations made, as well as discussions between participants and experts. The content of this feature was developed based on notes taken during the course; synthesis of critical information; identification of some critical results and figures included here; and identification of key messages that may be useful to TJ readers.
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Life cycle assessment of an integrated Forest Biorefinery: hot water extraction process case study
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2015Co-Authors: Banafsheh Gilani, Paul StuartAbstract:The environmental footprint of bioproducts depends on the performance and implementation strategy of the Biorefinery processes through which they are produced. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are categorized into two general types: attributional and consequential. The consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) method illustrates the change of flows to and from environment, resulting from different potential decisions. Depending on the analysis goal, CLCA is known to be the proper approach to address the environmental analysis of integrated biorefineries with multiple bioproducts. In this study, an LCA of hot water extraction-based Biorefinery strategy was performed, including five production pathways. Defined process options consisted of an extraction of hemicellulose to produce (i) biogas, (ii) hemicellulose for animal feed, (iii) hemicellulose for C5-sugars, (iv) C5-sugars, and (v) furfural. Except for the “biogas”, acetate salt was the by-product of all the process options. Consequential LCA results proved that the bark consumption, chemicals, and bioproducts transportation have significant environmental impacts. ‘Hemicellulose for C5-sugars’ and ‘C5-sugars’ outperformed other alternative options with a greenhouse gas reduction of 80% and 68%, respectively. Also, normalized results of these two options presented remarkable improvement of more than three times in human health impacts in comparison to existing process at the case study mill. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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Framework for margins-based planning: Forest Biorefinery case study
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Louis Patrick Dansereau, Mahmoud M. El-halwagi, Behrang Mansoornejad, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract The Biorefinery concept offers a promising solution to transform the struggling Forestry industry. Not only will the implementation of new products and processes help to diversify revenues, it will also offer an opportunity to change the manufacturing culture by better managing the flexibility of assets to react to volatile market conditions. In this paper, an integrated supply-chain planning framework is presented. It is based on optimizing a superstructure to help decision makers identify different supply-chain policies to adapt to different market conditions. It integrates revenue management concepts, activity-based cost accounting principles, manufacturing flexibility and supply-chain flexibility in a tactical model to maximize profit in a price-volatile environment. A case study of a newsprint mill implementing a parallel biomass fractionation line producing several biochemicals is used to illustrate this approach. Results and benefits are presented for the traditional pulp and paper business and for the transformed Biorefinery in different market scenarios.
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scenario based strategic supply chain design and analysis for the Forest Biorefinery using an operational supply chain model
International Journal of Production Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Behrang Mansoornejad, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Paul StuartAbstract:Supply chain (SC) design involves decisions for the long term, e.g. determining products, process technologies, number, location and capacity of different SC nodes, production rates, as well as suppliers, markets and partners. The Forest Biorefinery (FBR) is emerging as a new possibility for improving Forestry companies’ business models, however introduces significant technological, economic and financial challenges—which can be systematically addressed in strategic SC design. In order to reduce the burden of such challenges, partnership with companies whose expertise brings value and experience to the Forestry companies’ new business model is essential for FBR implementation. In this regard, redesigning the Forestry SC in order for it to be aligned and consistent with the partner's SC, and in other words, designing a new integrated SC is of crucial importance.
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Metrics for evaluating the Forest Biorefinery supply chain performance
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Behrang Mansoornejad, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract For sustainable decision-making regarding Biorefinery strategies, different criteria, i.e. economic, environmental, social, should be considered. However, the economic criteria typically do not consider market volatility, whereas today's market involves price and demand volatilities. Biorefinery strategies must be flexible to be robust to market volatility. Therefore, relevant metrics must be developed to quantify the system's performance against volatility. This paper presents metrics of flexibility and robustness which analyze the performance of the supply chain in a dynamic environment, providing additional information along with economic metrics. In this paper, the link between the two metrics, and how profitability and robustness change with flexibility are discussed. The results reveal that, although profitability does not always increase with more flexibility and there is an optimum level of flexibility, the system's robustness is improved by increasing flexibility. Moreover, a “conditional value-at-risk” parameter is introduced to show what patterns of sale lead to highest profit and robustnestness.
Behrang Mansoornejad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Framework for margins-based planning: Forest Biorefinery case study
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Louis Patrick Dansereau, Mahmoud M. El-halwagi, Behrang Mansoornejad, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract The Biorefinery concept offers a promising solution to transform the struggling Forestry industry. Not only will the implementation of new products and processes help to diversify revenues, it will also offer an opportunity to change the manufacturing culture by better managing the flexibility of assets to react to volatile market conditions. In this paper, an integrated supply-chain planning framework is presented. It is based on optimizing a superstructure to help decision makers identify different supply-chain policies to adapt to different market conditions. It integrates revenue management concepts, activity-based cost accounting principles, manufacturing flexibility and supply-chain flexibility in a tactical model to maximize profit in a price-volatile environment. A case study of a newsprint mill implementing a parallel biomass fractionation line producing several biochemicals is used to illustrate this approach. Results and benefits are presented for the traditional pulp and paper business and for the transformed Biorefinery in different market scenarios.
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scenario based strategic supply chain design and analysis for the Forest Biorefinery using an operational supply chain model
International Journal of Production Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Behrang Mansoornejad, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Paul StuartAbstract:Supply chain (SC) design involves decisions for the long term, e.g. determining products, process technologies, number, location and capacity of different SC nodes, production rates, as well as suppliers, markets and partners. The Forest Biorefinery (FBR) is emerging as a new possibility for improving Forestry companies’ business models, however introduces significant technological, economic and financial challenges—which can be systematically addressed in strategic SC design. In order to reduce the burden of such challenges, partnership with companies whose expertise brings value and experience to the Forestry companies’ new business model is essential for FBR implementation. In this regard, redesigning the Forestry SC in order for it to be aligned and consistent with the partner's SC, and in other words, designing a new integrated SC is of crucial importance.
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Metrics for evaluating the Forest Biorefinery supply chain performance
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Behrang Mansoornejad, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract For sustainable decision-making regarding Biorefinery strategies, different criteria, i.e. economic, environmental, social, should be considered. However, the economic criteria typically do not consider market volatility, whereas today's market involves price and demand volatilities. Biorefinery strategies must be flexible to be robust to market volatility. Therefore, relevant metrics must be developed to quantify the system's performance against volatility. This paper presents metrics of flexibility and robustness which analyze the performance of the supply chain in a dynamic environment, providing additional information along with economic metrics. In this paper, the link between the two metrics, and how profitability and robustness change with flexibility are discussed. The results reveal that, although profitability does not always increase with more flexibility and there is an optimum level of flexibility, the system's robustness is improved by increasing flexibility. Moreover, a “conditional value-at-risk” parameter is introduced to show what patterns of sale lead to highest profit and robustnestness.
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Scenario-Based Strategic Supply Chain Design and Analysis for the Forest Biorefinery
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Behrang Mansoornejad, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract Supply chain (SC) design involves decisions for the long term, e.g. number, location and capacity of different SC nodes, production rates, flow of material between SC nodes, as well as determining suppliers, markets and partners. The Forest Biorefinery (FBR) is emerging as a new possibility for improving Forestry company business models, however introduces significant technological, economic and financial challenges - which can be systematically addressed in strategic SC design. This paper presents a scenario-based approach to strategic SC design for the FBR, designing the SC based on the impacts of the design on tactical-operational SC activities. Two kinds of scenarios are used; market scenarios representing market volatility and SC network scenarios (alternatives) representing different Biorefinery options/strategies. The SC analysis evaluates SC alternatives for the case of different market scenario.
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The Role of Supply Chain Analysis in Market-Driven Product Portfolio Selection for the Forest Biorefinery
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Virginie Chambost, Behrang Mansoornejad, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract The implementation of the Forest Biorefinery in retrofit to an existing Forestry company requires a strategic shift in the core business from a commodity-driven manufacturing-centric culture, to a margins-driven supply chain culture. In order to diversify the set of traditional Forest products to include Biorefinery products it is critical to define the associated market and competitive strategies as well as new business models. The penetration of existing mature value chains by replacement and/or substitution Biorefinery products requires that supply chain strategies be implemented that create and retain value over the longer term, and secure a unique competitive position. As part of the new product portfolio definition, key supply chain criteria must be identified and considered in the value chain assessment. The role of the supply chain in defining the product portfolio definition and in mitigating risks against price volatility is examined in this paper.
Virginie Chambost - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lessons learned: Designing the Forest Biorefinery
TAPPI Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Frédéric Clerc, Virginie Chambost, Paul StuartAbstract:The objective of this TAPPI JOURNAL (TJ) special feature is to synthesize critical information and take-away messages from the 2013 TAPPI Biorefinery Design Course in Green Bay, WI, USA, based on the presentations made, as well as discussions between participants and experts. The content of this feature was developed based on notes taken during the course; synthesis of critical information; identification of some critical results and figures included here; and identification of key messages that may be useful to TJ readers.
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The Role of Supply Chain Analysis in Market-Driven Product Portfolio Selection for the Forest Biorefinery
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Virginie Chambost, Behrang Mansoornejad, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract The implementation of the Forest Biorefinery in retrofit to an existing Forestry company requires a strategic shift in the core business from a commodity-driven manufacturing-centric culture, to a margins-driven supply chain culture. In order to diversify the set of traditional Forest products to include Biorefinery products it is critical to define the associated market and competitive strategies as well as new business models. The penetration of existing mature value chains by replacement and/or substitution Biorefinery products requires that supply chain strategies be implemented that create and retain value over the longer term, and secure a unique competitive position. As part of the new product portfolio definition, key supply chain criteria must be identified and considered in the value chain assessment. The role of the supply chain in defining the product portfolio definition and in mitigating risks against price volatility is examined in this paper.
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Integrating product portfolio design and supply chain design for the Forest Biorefinery
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Behrang Mansoornejad, Virginie Chambost, Paul StuartAbstract:Abstract Supply chain (SC) design involves making strategic long-term decisions for a company, e.g. number, location and capacity of facilities, production rates, flow of material between SC nodes, as well as choosing suppliers and markets. The Forest Biorefinery is emerging as a promising opportunity for improving the business model of Forest product companies; however it introduces significant challenges in terms of mitigating technology, economic and financial risks—each of which must be systematically addressed in the SC design. In this regard, product portfolio definition and technology selection are two important decisions that have rarely been considered in a systematic SC evaluation. This paper presents a methodology, in which product/process portfolio design and SC design are linked in order to build a design decision making framework. According to this methodology, design of “manufacturing flexibility” links product/process portfolio design to SC design, through a margins-based SC operating policy. Techno-economic studies along with scenario generation for price and demand changes representing market volatility are employed in the methodology.
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Critical analysis of emerging Forest Biorefinery (FBR) technologies for ethanol production.
2010Co-Authors: Jérémie Cohen, Virginie Chambost, Mathias Janssen, Paul StuartAbstract:P. Stuart NSERC Environmental Design Engineering Chair in Process Integration, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique – Montreal, Montreal V. ChamboSt NSERC Environmental Design Engineering Chair in Process Integration, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique – Montreal, Montreal m. JanSSen NSERC Environmental Design Engineering Chair in Process Integration, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique – Montreal, Montreal J. Cohen NSERC Environmental Design Engineering Chair in Process Integration, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique – Montreal, Montreal
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LCA for the Engineering Analysis of the Forest Biorefinery
Appita Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Caroline Gaudreault, Virginie Chambost, Réjean Samson, Paul StuartAbstract:Many pulp and paper companies are considering implementation of the Forest Biorefinery for revenue diversification in order to improve their financial performance, implicating the addition of biomass-based products to the existing pulp and paper products portfolio. The environmental benefits associated with these bio-products may not be immediately obvious. For this reason, systematic methodologies are required to identify those process/product combinations that offer the most promising environmental benefits. In this paper, it will show that the direct application of classical LCA methodology is not well suited for this purpose. Instead, an LCA methodology based on system boundary expansion is proposed and used in an industry case study involving the implementation of an integrated Forest Biorefinery (IFBR) process at two different pulp and paper mills. Using this approach, it is shown that the implementation of the IFBR for the production of polylactic acid (PLA) leads to environmental benefits, but only under certain conditions. The main objective of the case study was to demonstrate the proposed approach and not to determine the best way of implementing an IFBR process. For this purpose, more detailed process design, including the analysis of several scenarios and the corresponding LCA studies, would be required.
Jean Paris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hemicellulose based integrated Forest biorefineries: Implementation strategies
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Olumoye Ajao, Mariya Marinova, Oumarou Savadogo, Jean ParisAbstract:Abstract Integrated Forest biorefineries have been proposed as a viable option for the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into a wide spectrum of profitable products for the pulp and paper industry. Hemicelluloses, a class of wood components can be extracted from a Kraft pulping process prior to chemical pulping and transformed by means of chemical and biochemical processes into biofuels, biochemical and biomaterials. The objective of this study is to identify the opportunities and challenges for implementing hemicelluloses based biorefineries in the context of the Canadian Forest industry. The modifications required at the receptor mill, the selection of the target products based on geographical location and the potential collaboration with other industrial stakeholders to form a cluster were analyzed. Practical guidelines for developing an integrated Forest Biorefinery have been proposed; the results can be applied to Biorefinery development proposals.
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Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane: Ion exchange membrane fouling identification and mechanisms.
Journal of colloid and interface science, 2016Co-Authors: Maryam Haddad, Oumarou Savadogo, Sergey Mikhaylin, Laurent Bazinet, Jean ParisAbstract:Integrated Forest Biorefinery offers promising pathways to sustainably diversify the revenue of pulp and paper industry. In this context, lignin can be extracted from a residual stream of Kraft pulping process, called black liquor, and subsequently converted into a wide spectrum of bio-based products. Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane results in lignin extraction and caustic soda production. Even though the implementation of this method requires less chemicals than the chemical acidification process, fouling of the ion exchange membranes and especially bipolar membrane impairs its productivity. Membrane thickness and ash content measurements along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) analysis were performed to identify the nature and mechanisms of the membrane fouling. The results revealed that the fouling layer mostly consisted of organic components and particularly lignin. Based on our proposed fouling mechanisms, throughout the electrodialysis process the pH of the black liquor gradually decreased and as a result more proton ions were available to trigger protonation reaction of lignin phenolic groups and decrease the lignin solubility. Due to the abundance of the proton ions on the surface of the cation exchange layers of the bipolar membrane, destabilized lignin macro-molecules started to self-aggregate and formed lignin clusters on its surface. Over the time, these lignin clusters covered the entire surface of the bipolar membrane and the spaces between the membranes and, eventually, attached to the surface of the cation exchange membrane.
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the Forest Biorefinery and its implementation in the pulp and paper industry energy overview
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Maryam Moshkelani, Mariya Marinova, Michel Perrier, Jean ParisAbstract:Abstract Incorporating a Biorefinery unit to an operating Kraft pulping process has significant technological, economic and social advantages over the construction of a grassroot Biorefinery. Also, the conversion of a Kraft mill from total pulp making to complete Biorefinery can be done in a stepwise fashion and so give a company that envisages such transformation the opportunity to master the new technologies, evaluate options and develop an appropriate business plan. In all cases however, the road to conversion presents serious challenges. As components of the wood such as lignin or hemicelluloses are withdrawn from the Kraft pulp line, the heat production capacity from the recovery boiler where they are currently burnt is diminished. At the same time the operation of the added Biorefinery unit increases the steam demand. In order to avoid fossil fuel dependency, the total site must be highly integrated and optimized. The application of an intensive and innovative energy optimization methodology to actual case studies has shown that the green, low GHG emissions Biorefinery is feasible. The economics can be attractive for a site combining specialty wood pulp and bio-product, biomass gasification, power cogeneration and heat upgrading by optimally positioned and designed absorption heat cycles. The methodology has been applied to biorefining technologies for lignin and hemicelluloses extraction and valorisation, both technologies being coupled with gasification of wood residue.
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The Forest Biorefinery and its Implementation in the Pulp & Paper Industry
2011Co-Authors: Maryam Moshkelani, Mariya Marinova, Jean ParisAbstract:Incorporating a Biorefinery unit to an operating Kraft pulping has significant technological, economic and social advantages to process Forest biomass over the construction of a grassroots Biorefinery. Also, the conversion of a Kraft mill from 100% pulp making to 100% Biorefinery can be done in a stepwise fashion and it gives the company the opportunity to master the new technologies, evaluate options and develop an appropriate business plan. In all cases however, the road to conversion presents serious challenges. As components of the wood such as lignin or hemicelluloses are withdrawn from the Kraft pulp line, the heat production capacity from the recovery boiler where they are currently burnt in diminished. At the same time the operation of the added Biorefinery unit increases the steam demand. In order to avoid fossil fuel dependency, the total site must be highly integrated and optimized. The application of a new comprehensive and innovative energy analysis methodology to actual case studies has shown that the green, low GHG emissions Biorefinery is feasible. The economics can be attractive for a site combining specialty wood pulp and bio-product, biomass gasification, power cogenerations and heat upgrading by optimally positioned and designed absorption heat cycles. The methodology has been applied to the extraction of lignin and hemicelluloses, both technologies being coupled with gasification of wood residue.
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the Forest Biorefinery and its implementation in the pulp paper industry
2011Co-Authors: Maryam Moshkelani, Mariya Marinova, Jean ParisAbstract:Incorporating a Biorefinery unit to an operating Kraft pulping has significant technological, economic and social advantages to process Forest biomass over the construction of a grassroots Biorefinery. Also, the conversion of a Kraft mill from 100% pulp making to 100% Biorefinery can be done in a stepwise fashion and it gives the company the opportunity to master the new technologies, evaluate options and develop an appropriate business plan. In all cases however, the road to conversion presents serious challenges. As components of the wood such as lignin or hemicelluloses are withdrawn from the Kraft pulp line, the heat production capacity from the recovery boiler where they are currently burnt in diminished. At the same time the operation of the added Biorefinery unit increases the steam demand. In order to avoid fossil fuel dependency, the total site must be highly integrated and optimized. The application of a new comprehensive and innovative energy analysis methodology to actual case studies has shown that the green, low GHG emissions Biorefinery is feasible. The economics can be attractive for a site combining specialty wood pulp and bio-product, biomass gasification, power cogenerations and heat upgrading by optimally positioned and designed absorption heat cycles. The methodology has been applied to the extraction of lignin and hemicelluloses, both technologies being coupled with gasification of wood residue.
Mats Galbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sequential fractionation of the lignocellulosic components in hardwood based on steam explosion and hydrotropic extraction
Biotechnology for biofuels, 2019Co-Authors: Johanna Alkan Olsson, Vera Novy, Fredrik Nielsen, Ola Wallberg, Mats GalbeAbstract:The Forest Biorefinery plays an important part in the evolving circular bioeconomy due to its capacity to produce a portfolio of bio-based and sustainable fuels, chemicals, and materials. To tap into its true potential, more efficient and environmentally benign methods are needed to fractionate woody biomass into its main components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) without reducing their potential for valorization. This work presents a sequential fractionation method for hardwood based on steam pretreatment (STEX) and hydrotropic extraction (HEX) with sodium xylene sulfonate. By prehydrolyzing the hemicellulose (STEX) and subsequently extract the lignin from the cellulose fraction (HEX), the major wood components can be recovered in separate process streams and be further valorized. Using autocatalyzed STEX and HEX, hemicellulose (> 70%) and lignin (~ 50%) were successfully fractionated and recovered in separate liquid streams and cellulose preserved (99%) and enriched (~ twofold) in the retained solids. Investigation of pretreatment conditions during HEX showed only incremental effects of temperature (150–190 °C) and hold-up time (2–8 h) variations on the fractionation efficiency. The hydrolyzability of the cellulose-rich solids was analyzed and showed higher cellulose conversion when treated with the combined process (47%) than with HEX alone (29%), but was inferior to STEX alone (75%). Protein adsorption and surface structure analysis suggested decreased accessibility due to the collapse of the fibrillose cellulose structure and an increasingly hydrophobic lignin as potential reasons. This work shows the potential of sequential STEX and HEX to fractionate and isolate cellulose, hemicellulose, and a sulfur-free lignin in separate product streams, in an efficient, sustainable, and scalable process.
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Sequential fractionation of the lignocellulosic components in hardwood based on steam explosion and hydrotropic extraction
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2019Co-Authors: Johanna Olsson, Vera Novy, Fredrik Nielsen, Ola Wallberg, Mats GalbeAbstract:Background The Forest Biorefinery plays an important part in the evolving circular bioeconomy due to its capacity to produce a portfolio of bio-based and sustainable fuels, chemicals, and materials. To tap into its true potential, more efficient and environmentally benign methods are needed to fractionate woody biomass into its main components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) without reducing their potential for valorization. This work presents a sequential fractionation method for hardwood based on steam pretreatment (STEX) and hydrotropic extraction (HEX) with sodium xylene sulfonate. By prehydrolyzing the hemicellulose (STEX) and subsequently extract the lignin from the cellulose fraction (HEX), the major wood components can be recovered in separate process streams and be further valorized. Results Using autocatalyzed STEX and HEX, hemicellulose (> 70%) and lignin (~ 50%) were successfully fractionated and recovered in separate liquid streams and cellulose preserved (99%) and enriched (~ twofold) in the retained solids. Investigation of pretreatment conditions during HEX showed only incremental effects of temperature (150–190 °C) and hold-up time (2–8 h) variations on the fractionation efficiency. The hydrolyzability of the cellulose-rich solids was analyzed and showed higher cellulose conversion when treated with the combined process (47%) than with HEX alone (29%), but was inferior to STEX alone (75%). Protein adsorption and surface structure analysis suggested decreased accessibility due to the collapse of the fibrillose cellulose structure and an increasingly hydrophobic lignin as potential reasons. Conclusion This work shows the potential of sequential STEX and HEX to fractionate and isolate cellulose, hemicellulose, and a sulfur-free lignin in separate product streams, in an efficient, sustainable, and scalable process.