The Experts below are selected from a list of 87 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arga Chandrashekar Anil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reproduction in balanus amphitrite darwin cirripedia thoracica influence of temperature and food concentration
Marine Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Dattesh V Desai, Arga Chandrashekar Anil, K VenkatAbstract:Balanus amphitrite, an acorn barnacle, is distinctly euryhaline, eurythermal and a dominant Fouling Organism found in warm and temperate waters throughout the world. In this study, the influence of temperature and food concentration on the reproductive biology of this species collected from a tropical habitat was evaluated. Adult barnacles were maintained at 20, 25 and 30°C temperatures at different concentrations of food (50, 100, 150 and 200 Artemia ind−1 day−1). In this previously believed obligatory cross-fertilizing hermaphrodite, self-fertilization was observed. The rise in temperature from 20 to 30°C resulted in a longer interbreeding interval (6–7 days, 200 Artemia ind−1 day−1; 11–13 days, 50 Artemia ind−1 day−1). Computed carbon gained through feeding during the interbreeding interval indicated an inverse relationship to the temperature. At 20°C, although a greater amount of carbon was gained through feeding, the numbers of larvae produced were fivefold less when compared to those raised at 30°C. At 20°C, 2.3 μg C was required to produce a single larva, whereas at 30°C it was 0.4 μg C. A rise in rearing temperature also influenced the molting rate positively. Observations on temporal variation in the gonad development of this species in a tropical coastal environment influenced by the monsoons indicated gonad development to be positively related to chlorophyll a concentration.
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influence of diatom exopolymers and biofilms on metamorphosis in the barnacle balanus amphitrite
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2005Co-Authors: Jagadish S Patil, Arga Chandrashekar AnilAbstract:Natural biofilms constitute a complex network of microOrganisms (bacteria, diatoms, protozoa, fungi) and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which influence settlement in benthic invertebrates. We investigated the influence of diatom (Bacillariophyceae) films and EPS (>1000 molecular weight) on metamorphosis in the acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite Darwin, a dominant Fouling Organism, using axenic and non-axenic films, and free and biofilm EPS, of 5 species of pennate diatoms: Amphora coffeaeformis and A. rostrata, and Navicula transitans var. derasa f. delicatula, N. crucicula and N. subinflata. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra revealed that the EPS produced by diatoms are of similar nature; however, the proportion of mono- saccharides varies with species, indicating a potential role for influencing larval metamorphosis. Free EPS of axenic diatoms had no effect, whereas biofilm EPS induced larvae to metamorphose. Amphora spp. produced more biofilm EPS, but had relatively weaker effects than Navicula spp. Axenic diatom films also facilitated larval metamorphosis (depending on species and cell density) in some cases, suggesting that the cues provided by the diatoms themselves can also mediate invertebrate larval metamorphosis in the absence of microbial films. Non-axenic diatom films (which had higher cell densities) and biofilm EPS promoted metamorphosis to a greater degree than those of axenic diatoms. Enhancement of metamorphosis depended on diatom species and on their density in the films, as well as on the composition of their EPS. Differential responses of barnacle larvae to different diatom species and their EPS indicate that each diatom species provides a different set of physico-chemical signals to settling larvae.
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Influence of bacterial exopolymers and the adult extract of Balanus amphitrite and Cthamalus sp. on cyprid metamorphosis of Balanus amphitrite
1997Co-Authors: Arga Chandrashekar Anil, Lidita Khandeparker, Smita Mitbavkar, A.b. WaghAbstract:Settlement of barnacle, a major Fouling Organism is believed to be controlled to a great extent by substratum characteristics such as, presence of conspecific adults or "gregariousness" inducing factors. Exopolymers secreted by bacteria can also play a major role in the recruitment of larvae of Fouling Organisms, probably by providing inducing/inhibitory chemical cues. In this experiment, the influence of the extract of adult Balanus amphitrite and the expolymers of the bacteria colonising Balanus amphitrite in nature on the cyprid metamorphosis of B. amphitrite has been examined. The experiments were carried out in polystyrene multiwells. A similar set of experiments was also repeated with the extract of Cthamalus sp. which co-exists in the intertidal zone along with B. amphitrite. The results obtained indicate that the addition of exopolymers as well as adult extract promoted settlement of cyprids. The degree of inducement varied with various combinations of exopolymers of different bacterial strains with or without adult extract of both the species.
Anthony S Clare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modulation of barnacle balanus amphitrite darwin cyprid settlement behavior by sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine methacrylate polymer coatings
Biofouling, 2010Co-Authors: Nick Aldred, Guozhu Li, Anthony S Clare, Shaoyi JiangAbstract:Zwitterionic polymers such as poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (polyCBMA) have demonstrated impressive Fouling-resistance against proteins and mammalian cells. In this paper, the effects of these surface chemistries on the settlement and behavior of an ubiquitous Fouling Organism, the cypris larva of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite), were studied in the laboratory. Conventional settlement assays and behavioral analysis of cyprids using Noldus Ethovision 3.1 demonstrated significant differences in settlement and behavior on different surfaces. Cyprids did not settle on the polySBMA or polyCBMA surfaces over the course of the assay, whereas settlement on glass occurred within expected limits. Individual components of cyprid behavior were shown to differ significantly between glass, polySBMA and polyCBMA. Cyprids also responded differently to the two zwitterionic surfaces. On polySBMA, cyprids were unwilling or unable to settle, wherea...
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barnacle in vitro assays for biologically active substances toxicity and settlement inhibition assays using mass cultured balanus amphitrite amphitrite darwin
Biofouling, 1992Co-Authors: Dan Rittschof, Anthony S Clare, D J Gerhart, Sister Avelin Mary, Joseph BonaventuraAbstract:The development of non‐toxic or non‐polluting antiFouling additives that can be formulated in practical coatings requires assays involving target Organisms. Assays that test both for the effective and toxic concentrations of active compounds are useful. It is also desirable if the assay can provide information regarding the performance that can be expected if the compounds are incorporated into different matrices. Described here are the simple laboratory assays that have been developed using the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, a common Fouling Organism found throughout temperate and tropical seas. One of the assays depends on synchronous year‐round mass culture, the procedure for which is described, of cypris larvae. The laboratory assays provide quantitative estimates of toxicity and settlement inhibition of barnacles. The methods described provide an excellent system for the use of barnacles to study the interaction of the test compounds and surfaces.
Shaoyi Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modulation of barnacle balanus amphitrite darwin cyprid settlement behavior by sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine methacrylate polymer coatings
Biofouling, 2010Co-Authors: Nick Aldred, Guozhu Li, Anthony S Clare, Shaoyi JiangAbstract:Zwitterionic polymers such as poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (polyCBMA) have demonstrated impressive Fouling-resistance against proteins and mammalian cells. In this paper, the effects of these surface chemistries on the settlement and behavior of an ubiquitous Fouling Organism, the cypris larva of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite), were studied in the laboratory. Conventional settlement assays and behavioral analysis of cyprids using Noldus Ethovision 3.1 demonstrated significant differences in settlement and behavior on different surfaces. Cyprids did not settle on the polySBMA or polyCBMA surfaces over the course of the assay, whereas settlement on glass occurred within expected limits. Individual components of cyprid behavior were shown to differ significantly between glass, polySBMA and polyCBMA. Cyprids also responded differently to the two zwitterionic surfaces. On polySBMA, cyprids were unwilling or unable to settle, wherea...
K Venkat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reproduction in balanus amphitrite darwin cirripedia thoracica influence of temperature and food concentration
Marine Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Dattesh V Desai, Arga Chandrashekar Anil, K VenkatAbstract:Balanus amphitrite, an acorn barnacle, is distinctly euryhaline, eurythermal and a dominant Fouling Organism found in warm and temperate waters throughout the world. In this study, the influence of temperature and food concentration on the reproductive biology of this species collected from a tropical habitat was evaluated. Adult barnacles were maintained at 20, 25 and 30°C temperatures at different concentrations of food (50, 100, 150 and 200 Artemia ind−1 day−1). In this previously believed obligatory cross-fertilizing hermaphrodite, self-fertilization was observed. The rise in temperature from 20 to 30°C resulted in a longer interbreeding interval (6–7 days, 200 Artemia ind−1 day−1; 11–13 days, 50 Artemia ind−1 day−1). Computed carbon gained through feeding during the interbreeding interval indicated an inverse relationship to the temperature. At 20°C, although a greater amount of carbon was gained through feeding, the numbers of larvae produced were fivefold less when compared to those raised at 30°C. At 20°C, 2.3 μg C was required to produce a single larva, whereas at 30°C it was 0.4 μg C. A rise in rearing temperature also influenced the molting rate positively. Observations on temporal variation in the gonad development of this species in a tropical coastal environment influenced by the monsoons indicated gonad development to be positively related to chlorophyll a concentration.
Joseph Bonaventura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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barnacle in vitro assays for biologically active substances toxicity and settlement inhibition assays using mass cultured balanus amphitrite amphitrite darwin
Biofouling, 1992Co-Authors: Dan Rittschof, Anthony S Clare, D J Gerhart, Sister Avelin Mary, Joseph BonaventuraAbstract:The development of non‐toxic or non‐polluting antiFouling additives that can be formulated in practical coatings requires assays involving target Organisms. Assays that test both for the effective and toxic concentrations of active compounds are useful. It is also desirable if the assay can provide information regarding the performance that can be expected if the compounds are incorporated into different matrices. Described here are the simple laboratory assays that have been developed using the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, a common Fouling Organism found throughout temperate and tropical seas. One of the assays depends on synchronous year‐round mass culture, the procedure for which is described, of cypris larvae. The laboratory assays provide quantitative estimates of toxicity and settlement inhibition of barnacles. The methods described provide an excellent system for the use of barnacles to study the interaction of the test compounds and surfaces.