The Experts below are selected from a list of 150 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brook A Niemiec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the incidence of radiographic lesions of endodontic origin associated with uncomplicated crown fractures of the maxillary Fourth Premolar in canine patients
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry, 2020Co-Authors: Alice E Goodman, Brook A Niemiec, Daniel T Carmichael, Shelley Thilenius, Kenneth E Lamb, Erik TozerAbstract:Fractured maxillary Fourth Premolar teeth are commonly diagnosed in canine patients. These fractures are subdivided into uncomplicated and complicated, depending on absence or presence of pulp expo...
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semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary Fourth Premolar in a dog
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry, 2017Co-Authors: Allen Skinner, Brook A NiemiecAbstract:A 7-year-old, 31.3 kg spayed female Golden Retriever dog was presented for the treatment of Miller Class I gingival recession at the right maxillary Fourth Premolar (108). A semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap was performed at this tooth and created an increase of approximately 3 mm of soft tissue coverage of the tooth. This method may have benefits over traditional periodontal advancement flaps in that there is no need for suturing, can be done more quickly, maintains lateral blood supply to the flap, and likely has decreased risk of surgical site dehiscence. This case shows that the semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap demonstrates an appropriate method to treat Miller Class I gingival recession in the maxilla.
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fundamentals of endodontics
Veterinary Clinics of North America-small Animal Practice, 2005Co-Authors: Brook A NiemiecAbstract:Etiologies and pathophysiology of endodontic disease The endodontic system is the pulp tissue (blood and lymph vessels, nerves, odontoblasts, and connective tissue) that is in the root canals and pulp chambers in animals [1,2]. This living system supplies the vital tooth with the components it needs to live and mature. Endodontic disease refers to inflammation (pulpitis) [3] or necrosis (partial or complete) of the pulp tissues. Depending on the severity of the insult, the pulpitis may be reversible or irreversible. Reversible pulpitis is usually caused by a lesser insult that the tooth may survive. Irreversible pulpitis is secondary to significant pulpal inflammation and results in tooth death. There are many possible etiologies of pulpitis. These include trauma (with or without pulp exposure), an ischemic event (avulsion or thromboembolism), or other pulpal exposures (caries, feline odontoclastic resorptive [FORL], class II perioendodontal lesion). In animal patients, however, traumatic pulp exposure is by far the most common cause. In general, this causes the tooth to fracture, exposing the endodontic system (or nerve) to the oral environment (Fig. 1). A recent study reported that 27% of domestic dogs have a fractured tooth. More concerning is that 10% of domestic dogs have one or more teeth with pulp exposure [4]. This means that of every 10 dogs entering the veterinary practice, one or more is likely to be suffering from endodontic disease. This does not include the approximately 20% of dogs with noncomplicated crown fractures, some of which are also nonvital. Teeth can break as a result of trauma (hit by a car, ball, or rock) or from chewing on hard objects. Any tooth can fracture, but certain teeth are more prone than others. The most commonly fractured teeth are the canine (cuspid) teeth of dogs and cats and the upper Fourth Premolar in dogs. In feline cuspids, the root canal system is close to the tip of the tooth. Therefore, almost any feline cuspid fracture overtly exposes the root canal [5].
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management of a complicated maxillary Fourth Premolar crown root fracture in a dog
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry, 2000Co-Authors: Brook A NiemiecAbstract:A five-year-old, spayed/female Border Collie was presented with a crown-root fracture of the maxillary left Fourth Premolar. Surgical, endodontic, and restorative techniques were performed to maintain the tooth. Re-examination 18-months following therapy indicated a successful outcome with no radiographic signs of periapical pathology.
Jan Lindhe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of enamel matrix proteins emdogain on healing after re implantation of periodontally compromised roots an experimental study in the dog
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2003Co-Authors: Mauricio G Araujo, R Hayacibara, M Sonohara, G Cardaropoli, Jan LindheAbstract:Objective: The present experiment was performed to assess whether Emdogain® applied on the root surface of extracted teeth or teeth previously exposed to root planning can protect the tooth from ankylosis following re-implantation. Material and Methods: The experiment included two groups of dogs, including five animals each. The root canals of all mandibular third Premolars ( 3 P 3 ) were reamed and filled with gutta-percha. A crestal incision was placed from the area of the second to the Fourth Premolar. Buccal and lingual full thickness flaps were elevated. With the use of a fissure bur, the crown and furcation area of 3 P 3 were severed in an apicocoronal cut. The distal and mesial tooth segments were luxated with an elevator and extracted with forceps. Group A: The mesial and distal segments of 3 P 3 were air dried on a glass surface for 60 min. The roots from the right side were conditioned and exposed to Emdogain® application. The roots from the left side received the same treatment with the exception of Emdogain® application. The mesial and distal tooth segments were re-implanted and the crown portions were severed with a horizontal cut and removed. The buccal and lingual flaps were mobilized and sutured to obtain complete coverage of the submerged roots. Group B: A notch was prepared in each root, 4-5 mm apical of the cemento-enamel junction. The area of the root that was located coronal to the notch was scaled and planned. The roots in the right side of the mandible were treated with Emdogain®, while the roots in the left side served as controls. After 6 months of healing, the dogs were killed and blocks containing one root with surrounding tissues were harvested, and prepared for histological examination, which also included morphometric assessments. Thus, the proportions of the roots that exhibited signs of (i) replacement (ii) inflammatory and (iii) surface resorption were calculated. Results and Conclusion: It was demonstrated that healing of a re-implanted root that had been extracted and deprived of vital cementoblasts was characterized by processes that included root resorption, ankylosis and new attachment formation. It was also demonstrated that Emdogain® treatment, i.e. conditioning with EDTA and placement of enamel matrix proteins on the detached root surface, failed to interfere with the healing process.
Mariano Sanz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early healing of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets an experimental study in the beagle dog ii ridge alterations
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2009Co-Authors: Fabio Vignoletti, Massimo De Sanctis, Tord Berglundh, Ingemar Abrahamsson, Mariano SanzAbstract:Aims: To describe the early phases of healing at the alveolar ridge around dental implants placed into fresh extraction sockets and to study whether (i) the dimension of the socket and (ii) a new implant surface nano-topography may have any influence. Materials and Methods: Sixteen beagle dogs received 64 test (new surface) and control implants randomly placed at the distal socket of 3P3 and 4P4. The implant shoulder was levelled with the marginal buccal bone crest. Animals were sacrificed at 4 h, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks for histological examination. Results: Bone loss occurred at the buccal crest between the 4-h and 1-week healing intervals, being more pronounced at the third Premolar site [vertical bone loss between day 0 and 8 weeks 1.1 (0.5) mm]. The corresponding loss at the Fourth Premolar site was 0.3 (0.5) mm. Test sites containing implants with discrete crystalline deposition nano-particles' surface exhibited less buccal bone resorption than control sites at 8 weeks. Conclusion: Dimensions of the socket influenced the process of wound healing of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets, with more bone loss in the narrower sockets; however, the implant surface nano-topography seemed to have a limited effect in the healing of this implant surgical protocol.
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early healing of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets an experimental study in the beagle dog de novo bone formation
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2009Co-Authors: Fabio Vignoletti, Carina B Johansson, Tomas Albrektsson, Massimo De Sanctis, Fidel San Roman, Mariano SanzAbstract:Objectives: Describe the early phases of tissue integration in implants placed into fresh extraction sockets and test whether a new implant surface nano-topography (DCD nano-particles, Nanotitet) promotes early osseointegration when compared with minimally rough surface implants (DAE, Osseotite s ). Material and Methods: Sixteen beagle dogs received 64 test and control implants randomly installed into the distal socket of 3P3 and 4P4. Histomorphometric analysis of bone to implant contact (BIC) and bone area was performed at 4h, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Wound healing initiated with a coagulum that was substituted by a provisional matrix at 1 week. Bone formation started concomitant to a marked bone resorption. At 2 weeks, woven bone formation was evident and gradually remodelled into lamellar bone at 4 and 8 weeks. BIC increased similarly throughout the study in both groups with a tendency to higher percentages for the test devices at 2 and 4 weeks. The influence of the DCD nano-particles was more evident at the Fourth Premolar site. Conclusion: Osseointegration occurred similarly at both implant groups, although the socket dimension appeared to influence bone healing. It is suggested that the enhanced nano-topography has a limited effect in the immediate implant surgical protocol.
C F Cox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulp remains viable following vital amputation of the mesio buccal root of the maxillary Fourth Premolar in dogs
Journal of Periodontology, 1998Co-Authors: Mark M Smith, Geoffrey K Saunders, John T Payne, C F CoxAbstract:Vital amputation of the mesio-buccal root of the maxillary Fourth Premolar (P4) was performed bilaterally in 8 dogs. Histopathologic evaluation of the tooth structure revealed normal pulp in the remaining mesio-buccal, mesio-palatal, and distal roots and crown during a mean follow-up period of 3.5 +/- 1.9 months. Amputation site healing was characterized by a reparative dentin bridge produced by odontoid cells. Tunnel defects were observed in 13 of 16 (81%) dentin bridges. It is concluded that the pulp of a tri-rooted, periodontal disease-free tooth remains viable during a 6-month period following vital root amputation. These results point to the intriguing possibility that this may also occur in humans, however, this needs to be directly tested in man.
Jennifer Polkowhaight - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves during noninvasive tooth pulp stimulation in halothane anesthetized cats
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2000Co-Authors: Marjorie E Gross, Eric R Pope, Joli M Jarboe, Dennis P Obrien, John R Dodam, Jennifer PolkowhaightAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To determine whether anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves abolishes reflex-evoked muscle action potentials (REMP) during tooth-pulp stimulation in halothane-anesthetized cats. ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult cats. PROCEDURE: In halothane-anesthetized cats, an anodal electrode was attached to the tooth to be stimulated and a platinum needle cathodal electrode was inserted in adjacent gingival mucosa. Cathodal and anodal electrodes were moved to the upper and lower canine, upper Fourth Premolar, and lower first molar teeth for stimulation; baseline REMP was recorded. A 25-gauge 1-cm needle was inserted 0.5 cm into the infraorbital canal. A 25-gauge 1-cm needle was inserted 1 cm rostral to the angular process of the ramus, and advanced 0.5 cm along the medial aspect. Chloroprocaine was injected at each site. Each tooth was stimulated every 10 minutes for 90 minutes. RESULTS: REMP was abolished within 10 minutes for all upper teeth, except for the upper canine tooth in 1 cat, and abolished within 10 minutes for lower teeth in 4 cats. In 1 cat, REMP was not abolished in the lower first molar tooth. In 3 cats, REMP was not abolished in the lower canine and first molar teeth. At 90 minutes, REMP was restored for all teeth except the lower canine tooth in 1 cat, for which REMP was restored at 120 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves may provide dental analgesia in cats.
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regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves during noninvasive tooth pulp stimulation in halothane anesthetized dogs
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 1997Co-Authors: Marjorie E Gross, Eric R Pope, Dennis P Obrien, John R Dodam, Jennifer PolkowhaightAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To document that regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves would abolish reflex-evoked muscle action potentials (REMP) in the digastricus muscle during noninvasive stimulation of tooth pulp in halothane-anesthetized dogs. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 9 healthy female dogs between 2 and 6 years old. PROCEDURE: Dogs were anesthetized using halothane. An alligator clip anodal electrode was attached to the tooth to be stimulated, and a platinum needle cathodal electrode was inserted in adjacent gingival mucosa. The cathodal and anodal electrodes were moved to the left upper and lower canine, Fourth Premolar, and first molar teeth for sequential stimulation. Baseline recording of REMP was made for each tooth. Catheters were inserted percutaneously in the infraorbital and mandibular canals. Saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was injected at each catheterized site in 3 control dogs, and chloroprocaine hydrochloride was injected at each catheterized site in 6 test dogs. Each tooth was stimulated every 10 minutes for 90 minutes (test dogs) or every 10 minutes for 30 minutes and at 90 minutes (control dogs), and REMP was recorded. RESULTS: REMP was abolished within 10 minutes in all test dogs, except during stimulation of the lower first molar in 1 dog. In 4 dogs, duration of blockade was less than 90 minutes. The REMP was not restored within 90 minutes for the upper teeth in 1 dog and within 2 hours for all teeth in another dog. At 24 hours, REMP was restored for all teeth except the lower left canine in 1 dog. The REMP was restored for the lower left canine in that dog at 96 hours. The REMP was not abolished at any time in control dogs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves may effectively provide analgesia for dental procedures in dogs.
