The Experts below are selected from a list of 44013 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lucas W M Van Der Sluis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
irrigant flow in the Root Canal experimental validation of an unsteady computational fluid dynamics model using high speed imaging
International Endodontic Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Bram Verhaagen, Eleftherios Kastrinakis, Michel Versluis, Christos Boutsioukis, Lucas W M Van Der SluisAbstract:Boutsioukis C, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Kastrinakis E, van der Sluis LWM. Irrigant flow in the Root Canal: experimental validation of an unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics model using high-speed imaging. International Endodontic Journal 43, 393‐403, 2010. Aim To compare the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the irrigant flow within a prepared Root Canal, during final irrigation with a syringe and a needle, with experimental high-speed visualizations and theoretical calculations of an identical geometry and to evaluate the effect of off-centre positioning of the needle inside the Root Canal. Methodology A CFD model was created to simulate irrigant flow from a side-vented needle inside a prepared Root Canal. Calculations were carried out for four different positions of the needle inside a prepared Root Canal. An identical Root Canal model was made from poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS). Highspeed imaging of the flow seeded with particles and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were combined to obtain the velocity field inside the Root Canal experimentally. Computational, theoretical and experimental results were compared to assess the validity of the computational model. Results Comparison between CFD computations and experiments revealed good agreement in the velocity magnitude and vortex location and size. Small lateral displacements of the needle inside the Canal had a limited effect on the flow field. Conclusions High-speed imaging experiments together with PIV of the flow inside a simulated Root Canal showed a good agreement with the CFD model, even though the flow was unsteady. Therefore, the CFD model is able to predict reliably the flow in similar domains.
-
Evaluation of a Sonic Device Designed to Activate Irrigant in the Root Canal
Journal of Endodontics, 2010Co-Authors: Leimeng Jiang, Bram Verhaagen, Michel Versluis, Lucas W M Van Der SluisAbstract:Introduction: The aims of this study were to evaluate the removal of dentin debris from the Root Canal by sonic or ultrasonic activation of the irrigant and the physical mechanisms of sonic activation by visualizing the oscillations of the sonic tip, both inside and outside the confinement of the Root Canal. Methods: Roots of 18 canines were embedded, split, and prepared into standardized Root Canals. A standard groove was cut on the wall of one half of each Root Canal and filled with the same amount of dentin debris before irrigation procedures. The removal of dentin debris was evaluated after different irrigation procedures. The oscillations of the sonic tip were visualized ex vivo by using high-speed imaging at a time scale relevant to the irrigation process, and the oscillation amplitude of the tip was determined under 20× magnification. Results: After irrigation, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental groups (P < .0001). Without irrigant activation, the grooves were still full of dentin debris. From the ultrasonic activated group, 89% of the Canals were completely free of dentin debris, whereas from the sonic group, 5.5%-6.7% were (P = .0001). There was no significant difference between the sonic activation groups. Conclusions: Activation of the irrigant resulted in significantly more dentin debris removal; ultrasonic activation was significantly more efficient than sonic activation. The oscillation amplitude of the sonically driven tips is 1.2 ± 0.1 mm, resulting in much wall contact and no cavitation of the irrigant. © 2010 American Association of Endodontists.
-
passive ultrasonic irrigation of the Root Canal a review of the literature
International Endodontic Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Lucas W M Van Der Sluis, Michel Versluis, Paul R. WesselinkAbstract:Ultrasonic irrigation of the Root Canal can be performed with or without simultaneous ultrasonic instrumentation. When Canal shaping is not undertaken the term passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) can be used to describe the technique. In this paper the relevant literature on PUI is reviewed from a MEDLINE database search. Passive ultrasonic irrigation can be performed with a small file or smooth wire (size 10-20) oscillating freely in the Root Canal to induce powerful acoustic microstreaming. PUI can be an important supplement for cleaning the Root Canal system and, compared with traditional syringe irrigation, it removes more organic tissue, planktonic bacteria and dentine debris from the Root Canal. PUI is more efficient in cleaning Canals than ultrasonic irrigation with simultaneous ultrasonic instrumentation. PUI can be effective in curved Canals and a smooth wire can be as effective as a cutting K-file. The taper and the diameter of the Root Canal were found to be important parameters in determining the efficacies of dentine debris removal. Irrigation with sodium hypochlorite is more effective than with water and ultrasonic irrigation is more effective than sonic irrigation in the removal of dentine debris from the Root Canal. The role of cavitation during PUI remains inconclusive. No detailed information is available on the influence of the irrigation time, the volume of the irrigant, the penetration depth of the instrument and the shape and material properties of the instrument. The influence of irrigation frequency and intensity on the streaming pattern as well as the complicated interaction of acoustic streaming with the adherent biofilm needs to be clarified to reveal the underlying physical mechanisms of PUI.
Mahesh Maralingannavar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
demonstration of Root Canal morphology of human permanent teeth using transparent tooth model system
International Journal of Contemporary Dentistry, 2010Co-Authors: Mahesh MaralingannavarAbstract:Root Canal system of tooth is least understood and studied by the oral anatomist. The success of the endodontic treatment depends to a large degree on operator’s knowledge of the region involved. The multiple Root Canals or tortuous path makes inappropriate cleaning and obturation leading to large failures, which can be demonstrated in vitro in transparent teeth. This article presents a simple and inexpensive technique for in vitro examination of Root Canal system by making the tooth transparent (diphanization). Key words: transparent tooth model, diphanization, three dimensional Root Canal morphology, endodontic post mortem.
Shane N White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
from tooth retention through Root Canal treatment to extraction and replacement
2017Co-Authors: Shane N White, Mahmoud TorabinejadAbstract:Initial nonsurgical Root Canal treatment (NSRCT) is highly successful, is appreciated by patients, relieves pain, and is cost-effective. Results from systematic reviews and studies with very large sample sizes show very high tooth survival rates following NSRCT. Very few patient-associated factors decrease the prognosis for healing after NSRCT. The vast majority of cases will heal following initial NSRCT; the small minority that do not heal are generally best addressed by nonsurgical retreatment. Nonsurgical retreatment is effective and conservative, addressing bacteria remaining within the Root Canal system. Healing rates increase over time following nonsurgical retreatment. The very small proportion of cases that do not heal after nonsurgical retreatment are best addressed by modern apical microsurgery. Additional case-specific surgical options should be considered before extraction. Intentional replantation remains a viable alternative to extraction. Autotransplantation has a place, particularly in growing patients with an appropriate donor tooth. Root amputation is effective when disease is localized to a single Root where adequate remaining tooth structure and periodontal support will remain. Valid reasons to extract and replace an unhealed NSRCT tooth include lack of remaining tooth structure, high caries risk, or high periodontal risk. Not all extracted teeth need to be replaced, but when replacement is indicated, the single-tooth implant is preferred. Single-tooth implants have higher survival rates, but the natural state has intrinsic value. Comprehensive case assessment, evaluation of all endodontic options, and risk assessment for caries and periodontal disease are always necessary when choosing the optimal treatment for a patient when initial Root Canal treatment has failed to heal.
-
prevalence of periapical radiolucency and Root Canal treatment a systematic review of cross sectional studies
Journal of Endodontics, 2012Co-Authors: Jacly G Pak, Sara Fayazi, Shane N WhiteAbstract:Abstract Introduction Cross-sectional studies describe the health status of a population and measure the prevalence of disease or treatment. Neither the prevalence of periapical radiolucency, a surrogate for disease, nor the prevalence of Root Canal treatment have been subjected to a systematic review, which is the highest level of clinical evidence. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of periapical radiolucency and nonsurgical Root Canal treatment. Methods Inclusion/exclusion criteria were used for defined searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Title lists were scanned and abstracts were read to determine utility. Articles meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed for heterogeneity. Weighted mean percentages were calculated for the prevalence of overall periapical radiolucency, Root Canal treatment, and apical radiolucency in both treated and untreated teeth. Results Defined searching produced 11,491 titles. Thirty-three articles were included. Most patient samples represented modern populations from countries with high or very high human development indices. Meta-analysis was performed on 300,861 teeth. Of these, 5% had periapical radiolucencies, and 10% were endodontically treated. Of the 28,881 endodontically treated teeth, 36% had periapical radiolucencies; however, cross-sectional studies cannot distinguish between healing and failing cases. Of the 271,980 untreated teeth, 2% had periapical radiolucencies. The technical quality of Root Canal treatment was decried by most authors of the included studies. Conclusions The prevalence of periapical radiolucency was very high, broadly equivalent to 1 radiolucency per patient. The prevalence of teeth with Root Canal treatment was very high, broadly equivalent to 2 treatments per patient. Billions of teeth are retained through Root Canal treatment.
-
pain prevalence and severity before during and after Root Canal treatment a systematic review
Journal of Endodontics, 2011Co-Authors: Jacly G Pak, Shane N WhiteAbstract:Abstract Introduction Anticipation and experience of Root Canal associated pain is a major source of fear for patients and a very important concern of dentists. Pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment pain is anticipated, experienced, remembered, and shared by patients. The purpose was to determine the influence of Root Canal treatment on pain prevalence and severity and estimate the prevalence and severity of pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment pain in patients receiving Root Canal treatment. Methods Defined searching of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases identified 5,517 articles. Systematic review, including title scanning, abstract scanning, full-text review, and quality rating, provided 72 studies for meta-analysis. L’Abbe plots were used to evaluate the influence of Root Canal treatment on pain prevalence and severity. Pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment pain prevalence and severity data were analyzed. Results L’Abbe plots revealed that pain prevalence and severity decreased substantially after treatment. Mean pretreatment, 24-hour posttreatment, and 1-week posttreatment pain prevalences with associated standard deviations were 81 (28%), 40 (24%), and 11 (14%), respectively. Pretreatment, 24-hour posttreatment, and 1-week posttreatment pain severities, on a 100-point scale, were 54 (24%), 24 (12%), and 5 (5%), respectively. Supplemental injections were frequently required (60 [24%]). Conclusions Pretreatment Root Canal–associated pain prevalence was high but dropped moderately within 1 day and substantially to minimal levels in 7 days. Pretreatment Root Canal–associated pain severity was moderate, dropped substantially within 1 day of treatment, and continued to drop to minimal levels in 7 days. Supplemental anesthesia was often required.
Nidhi Dwivedi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
transparent tooth model a study of Root Canal morphology using different reagents
European Journal of General Dentistry, 2014Co-Authors: Bhavana Gupta, Babusha Tiwari, Bina Kashyap, Shaleen Chandra, Nidhi DwivediAbstract:Background: The complexity of Root Canal morphology has fascinated the imaginations of many. Several techniques have been tried in the past to view the three-dimensional anatomy of the pulp Canal system with varied success. It has been hypothesized in the present study that a combination of decalcifying agent and clearing agent can be used to prepare transparent tooth model. Aims: The aim of the present study was to access the efficacy of two decalcifying agent (formic acid and nitric acid) and two clearing agents (methyl salicylate and eugenol) to prepare transparent tooth model. Materials and Methods: The study material included 80 freshly extracted teeth both maxillary and mandibular. After decalcifying and clearing of the specimen, they were graded for transparency and haziness criteria. Results: The results of the present study indicated that methyl salicylate when used as a clearing agent showed better transparency, lower level of haziness and good Root Canal morphology. On the other hand samples cleared by eugenol showed good Root Canal morphology but lesser transparency and higher degree of haziness and yellowing of samples, more so when used in combination with nitric acid. Conclusion: It was concluded by the present study that combination of nitric acid when used with methyl salicylate proved to be the best combination for the preparation of the transparent tooth model.
Jale Tanalp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
apical extrusion of debris a literature review of an inherent occurrence during Root Canal treatment
International Endodontic Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Jale Tanalp, Tufa GungoAbstract:Extrusion of intraCanal debris as well as irrigants is a common occurrence during Root Canal treatment, and no instrument or technique has thoroughly solved this problem. Because flare-ups may arise with any irritation directed towards periapical tissues, a shaping or irrigation technique should minimize the risk of apical extrusion, even though it may not be prevented. There has been a rapid evolution of Root Canal instruments and irrigation systems through the last decade, and many have been assessed for their debris extrusion potential. The purpose of this review was to identify publications regarding the evaluation of debris, bacteria and irrigant extrusion during Root Canal treatment. A PubMed, Ovid and MEDLINE search was conducted using the keywords “apical extrusion”, “debris extrusion” and “endodontic treatment”. The literature search extended over a period of more than 30 years up to 2012. Content of the review was limited to apical extrusion of debris and irrigants, extrusion of liquid by irrigation methods and bacterial extrusion. Issues relevant to apical extrusion were obtained by further search in the reference sections of the retrieved articles. The review provides an update on the current status of apical extrusion.
-
investigation of the Root Canal configurations of mandibular permanent teeth in the turkish population
International Endodontic Journal, 2004Co-Authors: V Aslanalp, Jale TanalpAbstract:Aim To investigate the Root and Canal morphology of mandibular permanent teeth collected from an indigenous Turkish population. Methodology A total of 1400 extracted mandibular permanent teeth were evaluated. The teeth were divided into seven groups as central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars in order to evaluate their Root Canal configurations. Access cavities were prepared and pulp tissue removed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. The teeth were stored in 5% nitric acid solution for 5 days, then rinsed under running water for 4 h and placed in increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol. The teeth were rendered transparent by immersion in xylene solution for 3 days until complete transparency was achieved. Following this procedure, India ink was injected in the Root Canal systems and their configurations were examined and compared with the classification of Vertucci. The following observations were made: (i) Root Canal classification of mandibular teeth; (ii) morphology of the mandibular permanent teeth. The classification of Vertucci was taken as a reference during the evaluation; however additional Canal morphological types were evaluated as separate groups. Results The presence of a second Canal was detected in 68% of mandibular central incisors and 63% of lateral incisors. Lateral Canals were found in 6.5% of mandibular central incisors and in 13% of lateral incisors. Overall, 62% of mandibular first premolar teeth had a single Canal whereas 71% of second premolars had a single Canal. The mandibular first and second molar teeth exhibited similar Root Canal configurations except for a group of second molar teeth that had a single Root and Canal. Conclusions The morphological characteristics of teeth in this Turkish population were consistent with those of other studies performed on different populations using similar methodology.
