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Nagahisa Yoshimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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objective assessment of Foveal cone loss ratio in surgically closed macular holes using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Satoshi Yokota, Sotaro Ooto, Masanori Hangai, Kohei Takayama, Masaaki Hanebuchi, Naoko Uedaarakawa, Yuki Yoshihara, Nagahisa YoshimuraAbstract:Purpose To use adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) to quantify cone loss ratio in the foveola in order to assess Foveal cone status and to investigate relationships between Foveal structural abnormalities and visual function in patients with macular hole (MH) after surgery. Methods We evaluated 10 normal eyes of 10 healthy volunteers and 19 eyes of 18 patients in whom anatomically successful MH closure had been performed. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination that included measurements of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and AO-SLO. Results On AO-SLO regular cone mosaic was seen in all normal eyes whereas dark regions suggesting cone loss were seen in all eyes after MH repair. Visual acuity was better in eyes without dark regions at the center of the Fovea than in eyes with them (P = 0.001). Cone loss ratio in the foveola correlated with postoperative visual acuity (P<0.001), mean Foveal sensitivity (P = 0.029), thinner inner and outer segments at the center of the Fovea (P = 0.002), larger size of the disrupted inner and outer segment junction line (P = 0.018), and cone outer segment tip line (P<0.001). Cone loss ratio in the foveola was significantly greater in eyes that had moderately reflective Foveal lesions after surgery (P = 0.006). Conclusions AO-SLO is a useful means of assessing Foveal cone damage objectively and quantitatively. The location and extent of cone damage, especially if it involves the foveola, is an important factor determining visual function after MH surgery.
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association between Foveal photoreceptor integrity and visual outcome in neovascular age related macular degeneration
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2009Co-Authors: Hisako Hayashi, Kenji Yamashiro, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Masafumi Ota, Atsushi Otani, Nagahisa YoshimuraAbstract:Purpose To evaluate the correlation between visual outcome and Foveal photoreceptor integrity after successful treatment of eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Retrospective chart review. Methods We retrospectively studied the medical records of 51 eyes of 51 patients with neovascular AMD who were treated successfully with photodynamic therapy (PDT). All eyes were followed-up for more than 24 months after the initial treatment. Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, the status of the inner segment and outer segment (IS/OS) photoreceptor junction was assessed as a hallmark of the integrity of the Foveal photoreceptor layer. Results At the final visit, no eyes showed an exudative change. A complete or discontinuous IS/OS line was detected beneath the Fovea in 8 (15.7%) and 25 (29.4%) eyes, respectively, whereas 28 (54.9%) had no IS/OS line. Eyes with a continuous or discontinuous IS/OS line beneath the Fovea had better final visual acuity (VA) than did eyes without an IS/OS line ( P P = .026). Most eyes (13/15; 86.7%) with typical AMD had no IS/OS line at the final visit, whereas only 13 (36.1%) of the 36 eyes with PCV had no IS/OS line beneath the Fovea. Conclusions Integrity of the photoreceptor layer beneath the Fovea is associated with the final VA in neovascular AMD after successful PDT.
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spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of the detached macula in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Hideo Nakanishi, Masanori Hangai, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Noriyuki Unoki, Atsushi Sakamoto, Mihori Kita, Nagahisa YoshimuraAbstract:PURPOSE: To assess detached macula in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS: This retrospective study included 15 eyes of 15 patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and 16 eyes of 16 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy. These patients were examined with a prototype spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system. RESULTS: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment revealed macular structural abnormalities, such as small cystoid cavities in the inner nuclear layer (2/15 eyes, 13%), cystoid and/or diffuse edema in the outer nuclear layer (10/15 eyes, 67%), undulations of the photoreceptor layer (7/15 eyes, 47%), and dropout of the photoreceptor inner and outer segment layers in the Fovea (6/15 eyes, 40%); such changes were not seen in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy. The dropout of Foveal photoreceptor inner and outer segment layers was correlated with preoperative and postoperative visual acuities (rs = 0.78, P < 0.005 and rs = 0.63, P < 0.05, respectively), thickness of the outer nuclear layer at the Fovea (rs = -0.69, P < 0.01), and height of the retinal detachment at the Fovea (rs = 0.60, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dropout of the Foveal photoreceptor inner and outer segment layers seen on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging may be involved in incomplete recovery of visual acuity after successful retinal reattachment surgery.
Manuela Nowotny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative micromechanics of bushcricket ears with and without a specialized auditory Fovea region in the crista acustica
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Jan Scherberich, Roxana Taszus, Alexander Stoessel, Manuela NowotnyAbstract:In some insects and vertebrate species, the specific enlargement of sensory cell epithelium facilitates the perception of particular behaviourally relevant signals. The insect auditory Fovea in the ear of the bushcricket Ancylecha fenestrata (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) is an example of such an expansion of sensory epithelium. Bushcricket ears developed in convergent evolution anatomical and functional similarities to mammal ears, such as travelling waves and auditory Foveae, to process information by sound. As in vertebrate ears, sound induces a motion of this insect hearing organ (crista acustica), which can be characterized by its amplitude and phase response. However, detailed micromechanics in this bushcricket ear with an auditory Fovea are yet unknown. Here, we fill this gap in knowledge for bushcricket, by analysing and comparing the ear micromechanics in Ancylecha fenestrata and a bushcricket species without auditory Fovea (Mecopoda elongata, Tettigoniidae: Mecopodinae) using laser-Doppler vibrometry. We found that the increased size of the crista acustica, expanded by a Foveal region in A. fenestrata, leads to higher mechanical amplitudes and longer phase delays in A. fenestrata male ears. Furthermore, area under curve analyses of the organ oscillations reveal that more sensory units are activated by the same stimuli in the males of the auditory Fovea-possessing species A. fenestrata. The measured increase of phase delay in the region of the auditory Fovea supports the conclusion that tilting of the transduction site is important for the effective opening of the involved transduction channels. Our detailed analysis of sound-induced micromechanics in this bushcricket ear demonstrates that an increase of sensory epithelium with Foveal characteristics can enhance signal detection and may also improve the neuronal encoding.
Cynthia A Toth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maturation of the human Fovea correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings with histology
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2012Co-Authors: Lejla Vajzovic, Anita E Hendrickson, Sina Farsiu, Rachelle V Oconnell, Laura A Clark, Du Tranviet, Daniel E Possin, Stephanie J Chiu, Cynthia A TothAbstract:Purpose To correlate human Foveal development visualized by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) with histologic specimens. Design Retrospective, observational case series. Methods Morphology and layer thickness of retinal SDOCT images from 1 eye each of 22 premature infants, 30 term infants, 16 children, and 1 adult without macular disease were compared to light microscopic histology from comparable ages. Results SDOCT images correlate with major histologic findings at all time points. With both methods, preterm infants demonstrate a shallow Foveal pit indenting inner retinal layers (IRL) and short, undeveloped Foveal photoreceptors. At term, further IRL displacement forms the pit and peripheral photoreceptors lengthen; the elongation of inner and outer segments (IS and OS, histology) separates the IS band from retinal pigment epithelium. Foveal IS and OS are shorter than peripheral for weeks after birth (both methods). By 13 months, Foveal cone cell bodies stack >6 deep, Henle fiber layer (HFL) thickens, and IS/OS length equals peripheral; on SDOCT, Foveal outer nuclear layer (which includes HFL) and IS/OS thickens. At 13 to 16 years, the Fovea is fully developed with a full complement of SDOCT bands; cone cell bodies >10 deep have thin, elongated, and tightly packed IS/OS. Conclusions We define anatomic correlates to SDOCT images from normal prenatal and postnatal human Fovea. OCT bands typical of photoreceptors of the adult Fovea are absent near birth because of the immaturity of Foveal cones, develop by 24 months, and mature into childhood. This validates the source of SDOCT signal and provides a framework to assess Foveal development and disease.
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abnormal Foveal morphology in ocular albinism imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Archives of Ophthalmology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabriel T Chong, Sharon F Freedman, Sina Farsiu, Neeru Sarin, Anjum F Koreishi, Joseph A Izatt, Cynthia A TothAbstract:Objectives To evaluate the spectrum of Foveal architecture in pediatric albinism and to assess the utility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ocular imaging of children with nystagmus. Methods Spectral-domain OCT imaging was performed on study subjects in 3 groups: subjects with ocular albinism (OA) or suspected OA with Foveal hypoplasia, with nystagmus, and with or without iris transillumination; a subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome; and control subjects. Dense volumetric scans of each Fovea were captured using standard and handheld spectral-domain OCT devices. Images were postprocessed and scored for the presence and configuration of each retinal layer across the Fovea. Results High-quality spectral-domain OCT images obtained from each subject revealed a range of abnormalities in subjects with OA or suspected OA and the subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: persistence of an abnormal, highly reflective band across the Fovea, multiple inner retinal layers normally absent at the center of the Fovea, and loss of the normally thickened photoreceptor nuclear layer at the Fovea when compared with that in control subjects. The optic nerve was elevated in multiple eyes of subjects with OA or suspected OA and the subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Conclusions A spectrum of Foveal morphological abnormalities is seen in subjects with OA or suspected OA, which in some cases contrasted with previous studies using time-domain OCT. These OCT findings clarify the morphology of Foveal hypoplasia seen clinically. This imaging modality may be useful in evaluating children.
Sina Farsiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of anti vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on choroidal thickness in diabetic macular edema
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Varsha Manjunath, Sina Farsiu, Stephanie J Chiu, Tamer H MahmoudAbstract:Purpose To determine the effect of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy on choroidal thickness in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME). Design A retrospective, cohort analysis of 59 eyes from 59 patients with DME without prior anti-VEGF therapy. Methods Choroidal thickness was measured using semiautomated segmentation of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images at 0.5-mm intervals from 2.5 mm nasal to 2.5 mm temporal to the Fovea. Changes in choroidal thickness with and without anti-VEGF treatment over 6 months were compared. Best-corrected visual acuity and central Foveal thickness were analyzed to evaluate the association of choroidal thickness with functional and anatomic outcomes. Results Of the 59 eyes with DME, 26 eyes were observed without treatment, whereas 33 underwent intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy (mean number of injections, 2.73) over 6 months. In untreated eyes, there was no significant change in best-corrected visual acuity ( P = .098), central Foveal thickness ( P = .472), or choroidal thickness at all measurements along the macula ( P = .057 at the Fovea). In eyes treated with anti-VEGF injections, choroidal thickness decreased significantly at the Fovea (246.6 to 224.8 μm; P P = .002) and 0.5 mm temporal (249.3 to 224.8 μm; P = .011) to the Fovea. The decrease in subFoveal choroidal thickness after anti-VEGF treatment was not associated with the cumulative number of anti-VEGF injections ( R 2 = 0.031; P = .327) or to changes in best-corrected visual acuity ( R 2 = 0.017; P = .470) or central Foveal thickness ( R 2 = 0.040; P = .263). Conclusions Central choroidal thickness decreases after anti-VEGF therapy for DME after 6 months, but may not be associated with functional or anatomic outcomes in eyes with DME.
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maturation of the human Fovea correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings with histology
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2012Co-Authors: Lejla Vajzovic, Anita E Hendrickson, Sina Farsiu, Rachelle V Oconnell, Laura A Clark, Du Tranviet, Daniel E Possin, Stephanie J Chiu, Cynthia A TothAbstract:Purpose To correlate human Foveal development visualized by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) with histologic specimens. Design Retrospective, observational case series. Methods Morphology and layer thickness of retinal SDOCT images from 1 eye each of 22 premature infants, 30 term infants, 16 children, and 1 adult without macular disease were compared to light microscopic histology from comparable ages. Results SDOCT images correlate with major histologic findings at all time points. With both methods, preterm infants demonstrate a shallow Foveal pit indenting inner retinal layers (IRL) and short, undeveloped Foveal photoreceptors. At term, further IRL displacement forms the pit and peripheral photoreceptors lengthen; the elongation of inner and outer segments (IS and OS, histology) separates the IS band from retinal pigment epithelium. Foveal IS and OS are shorter than peripheral for weeks after birth (both methods). By 13 months, Foveal cone cell bodies stack >6 deep, Henle fiber layer (HFL) thickens, and IS/OS length equals peripheral; on SDOCT, Foveal outer nuclear layer (which includes HFL) and IS/OS thickens. At 13 to 16 years, the Fovea is fully developed with a full complement of SDOCT bands; cone cell bodies >10 deep have thin, elongated, and tightly packed IS/OS. Conclusions We define anatomic correlates to SDOCT images from normal prenatal and postnatal human Fovea. OCT bands typical of photoreceptors of the adult Fovea are absent near birth because of the immaturity of Foveal cones, develop by 24 months, and mature into childhood. This validates the source of SDOCT signal and provides a framework to assess Foveal development and disease.
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abnormal Foveal morphology in ocular albinism imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Archives of Ophthalmology, 2009Co-Authors: Gabriel T Chong, Sharon F Freedman, Sina Farsiu, Neeru Sarin, Anjum F Koreishi, Joseph A Izatt, Cynthia A TothAbstract:Objectives To evaluate the spectrum of Foveal architecture in pediatric albinism and to assess the utility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ocular imaging of children with nystagmus. Methods Spectral-domain OCT imaging was performed on study subjects in 3 groups: subjects with ocular albinism (OA) or suspected OA with Foveal hypoplasia, with nystagmus, and with or without iris transillumination; a subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome; and control subjects. Dense volumetric scans of each Fovea were captured using standard and handheld spectral-domain OCT devices. Images were postprocessed and scored for the presence and configuration of each retinal layer across the Fovea. Results High-quality spectral-domain OCT images obtained from each subject revealed a range of abnormalities in subjects with OA or suspected OA and the subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: persistence of an abnormal, highly reflective band across the Fovea, multiple inner retinal layers normally absent at the center of the Fovea, and loss of the normally thickened photoreceptor nuclear layer at the Fovea when compared with that in control subjects. The optic nerve was elevated in multiple eyes of subjects with OA or suspected OA and the subject with oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Conclusions A spectrum of Foveal morphological abnormalities is seen in subjects with OA or suspected OA, which in some cases contrasted with previous studies using time-domain OCT. These OCT findings clarify the morphology of Foveal hypoplasia seen clinically. This imaging modality may be useful in evaluating children.
Hideo Nakanishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dome shaped macular configuration longitudinal changes in the sclera and choroid by swept source optical coherence tomography over two years
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Sotaro Ooto, Kenji Yamashiro, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Abdallah A Ellabban, Yuki Muraoka, Akio Oishi, Hideo Nakanishi, Yoshimasa Kuroda, Masayuki HataAbstract:Purpose To study longitudinal changes in the posterior pole in eyes with dome-shaped macular configuration within the staphyloma. Design Prospective, longitudinal study. Methods We prospectively examined the macular area in 35 eyes (26 patients) with dome-shaped macular configuration and high myopia (mean spherical equivalent, −14.83 ± 4.50 diopters) using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Scleral and choroidal thicknesses were measured at the Fovea and at 4 paraFoveal locations 2000 μm from the Foveal center. Height of the macular bulge was measured as well. Results During the mean follow-up of 24.8 ± 2.5 months, the scleral thickness significantly decreased at the Fovea from 496.1 ± 95.7 μm to 484.7 ± 96.2 μm ( P P P P Conclusions Progressive asymmetric scleral thinning occurred in the macular region of eyes with dome-shaped macular configuration. The scleral thinning was more pronounced in the paraFoveal area than at the Foveal center, resulting in an increase of the macular bulge height.
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spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of the detached macula in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Hideo Nakanishi, Masanori Hangai, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Noriyuki Unoki, Atsushi Sakamoto, Mihori Kita, Nagahisa YoshimuraAbstract:PURPOSE: To assess detached macula in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS: This retrospective study included 15 eyes of 15 patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and 16 eyes of 16 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy. These patients were examined with a prototype spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system. RESULTS: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment revealed macular structural abnormalities, such as small cystoid cavities in the inner nuclear layer (2/15 eyes, 13%), cystoid and/or diffuse edema in the outer nuclear layer (10/15 eyes, 67%), undulations of the photoreceptor layer (7/15 eyes, 47%), and dropout of the photoreceptor inner and outer segment layers in the Fovea (6/15 eyes, 40%); such changes were not seen in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy. The dropout of Foveal photoreceptor inner and outer segment layers was correlated with preoperative and postoperative visual acuities (rs = 0.78, P < 0.005 and rs = 0.63, P < 0.05, respectively), thickness of the outer nuclear layer at the Fovea (rs = -0.69, P < 0.01), and height of the retinal detachment at the Fovea (rs = 0.60, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dropout of the Foveal photoreceptor inner and outer segment layers seen on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging may be involved in incomplete recovery of visual acuity after successful retinal reattachment surgery.