The Experts below are selected from a list of 9204 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hari S Viswanathan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydraulic Fracturing Fluid migration in the subsurface a review and expanded modeling results
Water Resources Research, 2015Co-Authors: Daniel T Birdsell, Harihar Rajaram, David Dempsey, Hari S ViswanathanAbstract:Understanding the transport of hydraulic Fracturing (HF) Fluid that is injected into the deep subsurface for shale gas extraction is important to ensure that shallow drinking water aquifers are not contaminated. Topographically driven flow, overpressured shale reservoirs, permeable pathways such as faults or leaky wellbores, the increased formation pressure due to HF Fluid injection, and the density contrast of the HF Fluid to the surrounding brine can encourage upward HF Fluid migration. In contrast, the very low shale permeability and capillary imbibition of water into partially saturated shale may sequester much of the HF Fluid, and well production will remove HF Fluid from the subsurface. We review the literature on important aspects of HF Fluid migration. Single-phase flow and transport simulations are performed to quantify how much HF Fluid is removed via the wellbore with flowback and produced water, how much reaches overlying aquifers, and how much is permanently sequestered by capillary imbibition, which is treated as a sink term based on a semianalytical, one-dimensional solution for two-phase flow. These simulations include all of the important aspects of HF Fluid migration identified in the literature review and are performed in five stages to faithfully represent the typical operation of a hydraulically fractured well. No Fracturing Fluid reaches the aquifer without a permeable pathway. In the presence of a permeable pathway, 10 times more Fracturing Fluid reaches the aquifer if well production and capillary imbibition are not included in the model.
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co2 as a Fracturing Fluid potential for commercial scale shale gas production and co2 sequestration
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Richard S Middleton, Hari S Viswanathan, Robert P Currier, Rajan GuptaAbstract:Hydraulic Fracturing and horizontal drilling has led to a shale gas energy boom in the United States. In addition to decreasing domestic energy costs, shale gas production has substantially reduced domestic CO2 emissions, largely due to natural gas displacing coal-fired electricity generation. Water is the principal component of working Fluids used for commercial hydraulic Fracturing, along with other constituent chemicals and substances to enhance fracture propagation/longevity and propping agent (e.g., sand) transport. Industry, policy makers, and other stakeholders are aware of potential disadvantages of aqueous Fracturing Fluids, including water scarcity, environmental impact from constituent chemicals, and poor fracture performance. To address these problems we are undertaking a study using supercritical CO2 as a replacement working Fluid. Supercritical CO2 has many potential benefits and drawbacks compared with water as a Fracturing Fluid; it may increase gas production through several coupled processes including enhanced Fracturing, reduced flow blocking, and miscibility with in-place hydrocarbons, as well as challenges such as economics, resource availability, and assurances that the CO2 is safely sequestered in the target formation. Through a combination of basic experiments, modelling, and historical research, we formally address these issues.
Mira S Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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four compartment partition model of hazardous components in hydraulic Fracturing Fluid additives
Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2012Co-Authors: Alison Aminto, Mira S OlsonAbstract:Abstract Mass balance principles were applied to a four-compartment partition model for 12 different hazardous components of hydraulic Fracturing Fluid additives used in 47 completed natural gas wells in the Marcellus Shale. Spill scenarios were modeled as if 1000 gallons of diluted additive were discharged into a surface water body or onto soil. Resulting concentrations were ranked according to magnitude, providing a relative comparison of quantities to be expected in each compartment. Highest mass concentrations in the water, soil and biota compartments were due to sodium hydroxide, 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine, and hydrochloric acid. 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine ranked highest in the air compartment.
Rajan Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co2 as a Fracturing Fluid potential for commercial scale shale gas production and co2 sequestration
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Richard S Middleton, Hari S Viswanathan, Robert P Currier, Rajan GuptaAbstract:Hydraulic Fracturing and horizontal drilling has led to a shale gas energy boom in the United States. In addition to decreasing domestic energy costs, shale gas production has substantially reduced domestic CO2 emissions, largely due to natural gas displacing coal-fired electricity generation. Water is the principal component of working Fluids used for commercial hydraulic Fracturing, along with other constituent chemicals and substances to enhance fracture propagation/longevity and propping agent (e.g., sand) transport. Industry, policy makers, and other stakeholders are aware of potential disadvantages of aqueous Fracturing Fluids, including water scarcity, environmental impact from constituent chemicals, and poor fracture performance. To address these problems we are undertaking a study using supercritical CO2 as a replacement working Fluid. Supercritical CO2 has many potential benefits and drawbacks compared with water as a Fracturing Fluid; it may increase gas production through several coupled processes including enhanced Fracturing, reduced flow blocking, and miscibility with in-place hydrocarbons, as well as challenges such as economics, resource availability, and assurances that the CO2 is safely sequestered in the target formation. Through a combination of basic experiments, modelling, and historical research, we formally address these issues.
Zhijun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Titanium-based nanoscale cross-linker for guar gum Fracturing Fluid: effects on rheological behaviour and proppant-carrying ability
Micro & Nano Letters, 2019Co-Authors: Chunnan Wang, Zifeng Zhang, Mengyun Zhao, Xiaohong Li, Jing Du, Zhijun ZhangAbstract:Ti4+ was introduced onto the surface of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (denoted as APTS; a silane coupling agent; commercial name: KH550) by surface-modification technology to afford a precursor of nanoscale cross-linker. The as-obtained precursor of nanoscale cross-linker was further transformed to a Ti-based nanoscale cross-linker (denoted as Ti-NC) by hydrolysis and condensation in association with self-aggregation. The microstructure of the Ti-NC crosslinking guar gum gel was characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the effects of the as-prepared Ti-NC on the thermal stability, rheological behaviour, and proppant-carrying ability of guar gum Fracturing Fluid were investigated with boric acid and TiCl4 as the controls. Results indicate that the as-prepared Ti-NC has a sphere-like shape and a size of 6–13 nm. In the meantime, the guar gum gel cross-linked by Ti-NC exhibits better thermal stability, rheological behaviour, and proppant-carrying ability than the ones cross-linked by TiCl4 or boric acid, which indicates that the as-prepared Ti-NC could find promising application in enhancing the oil recovery of the low-permeability reservoir. This is because Ti-NC contributes to enhancing the inter-molecular cross-linking rather than intra-molecular cross-linking of guar gum molecular chains and yielding a tight three-dimensional network structure in the cross-linked guar gum gel.
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boric acid incorporated on the surface of reactive nanosilica providing a nano crosslinker with potential in guar gum Fracturing Fluid
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2017Co-Authors: Zifeng Zhang, Mengyun Zhao, Xiaohong Li, Zhijun ZhangAbstract:Small molecule borate crosslinker widely used in hydraulic Fracturing treatment has a low crosslinking efficiency of less than 1%. Thus boric acid was introduced onto the surface of reactive nanosilica (denoted as nano-SiO2; size: about 20 nm) containing NH2 group to obtain a nanosilica-based crosslinker (denoted as nano-crosslinker) with increased crosslinking efficiency, thereby broadening the application of nano-SiO2 in guar gum Fracturing Fluid. Moreover, the influence of the as-prepared nano-crosslinker on the rheological behavior of guar gum gel was investigated with borate crosslinker as a reference. Results show that boric acid chemically reacts with the amino group of the reactive nano-SiO2 to form NB bond, which is beneficial to the formation of the network structure of guar gum gel. The guar gum gel crosslinked with the 57 ppm of borate based on the carrier of nano-SiO2 exhibits better temperature tolerance and shear resistance as well as breaking behavior than the counterpart crosslinked with 200 ppm of borate. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45037.
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Preparation of a nanosilica cross-linker and investigation of its effect on properties of guar gum Fracturing Fluid
Micro & Nano Letters, 2017Co-Authors: Zifeng Zhang, Mengyun Zhao, Xiaohong Li, Zhijun ZhangAbstract:The development of hydraulic Fracturing has created a huge demand for Fracturing Fluids with high performance and low formation damage in recent years. A nanosilica cross-linker precursor (NCP) was prepared by introducing boric acid to the surface of organic silica compound (C9H23NO3Si, a silane coupling agent), the carrier. As-obtained NCP was transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 10-35 nm by self-aggregation. The resultant NPs were used to crosslink low concentration of guar gum solution in order to improve the rheological and breaking properties of the Fracturing Fluid made of the NPs-cross-linked guar gum gels. Findings indicate that boric acid chemically reacts with the amino group of the silane coupling agent forming N-B bond via infrared analysis. The viscosity of NPs-cross-linked guar gum gels increases with the increase of particle size of NPs, which means that the particle size of NPs has a significant effect on the cross-linking efficacy, the guar gum gels cross-linked by a proper mass fractions of NPs exhibits good temperature resistance and shear resistance via rheometer. Moreover, the NPs-cross-linked guar gum gels possesses better breaking behaviour than the one cross-linked by borate.
Zhang Qi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The analysis and research of new Fracturing Fluid dynamic mixer
2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2017Co-Authors: Feng Long, Zengliang Li, Zhang QiAbstract:Fracturing operation is an important link in the process of petroleum and natural gas extraction, and the preparation of Fracturing Fluid is the key factor to the Fracturing operation. In order to solve the problems of insufficient amount of rubber guanidine powder inhalation and a lot of powder package, a new type of Fracturing Fluid dynamic mixer is designed. The principle of annular jet and the discrete action of powder are applied in the design process. The main advantages of new mixer are large powder intake, uniform mixing and high inhalation efficiency. Through the combination of numerical simulation and experimental verification, the new Fracturing Fluid dynamic mixer is analyzed, the key structure size of the mixer is optimized, and its performance parameters are optimized. After optimization, the negative pressure value of new Fracturing Fluid dynamic mixer can research 0.0872MPa, and it can well meet the requirements of inhalation performance.
