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Hugh D Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Zovko M Koncic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • anthraquinone profiles antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Frangula rupestris scop schur and Frangula alnus mill bark
    Food Chemistry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Dario Kremer, Giuseppe Carlucci, Salvatore Genovese, Francesco Epifano, Marcello Locatelli, Ivan Kosalec, Zovko M Koncic
    Abstract:

    Frangula rupestris and Frangula alnus are deciduous shrubs distributed in Balkan Peninsula. While the bark of F. alnus is medicinally widely used, little is known about chemical and biological properties of F. rupestris. In the present study, F. rupestris and F. alnus bark were evaluated for their reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging and chelating activity, as well as antioxidant activity in s-carotene-linoleic acid assay. In addition, phenolic content, anthraquinone profile and antimicrobial activity of F. rupestris and F. alnus bark were determined. The most represented anthraquinone derivatives in F. rupestris and F. alnus bark were physcion (0.11 mg/g) and emodin (2.03 mg/g), respectively. Both species demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with MIC values equal or lower than 2.5 mg/mL. The presented research indicates that both species may have health benefits as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents for use in functional foods or medicine.

  • comparison of antioxidant activity of bark of seven species of genera Frangula mill and rhamnus l rhamnaceae
    Planta Medica, 2010
    Co-Authors: Zovko M Koncic, Dario Kremer, Ivan Kosalec, S Vladimirkneevic
    Abstract:

    Plants of genus Rhamnus L. and Frangula Mill. are frequently used in phytomedicine, mainly for their purgative properties [1]. The purpose of this study was to compare radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of bark of two Frangula Mill. (F. alnus L., F. rupestris (Scop.) Schur) and five Rhamnus (R. alaternus L., R. cathartica L., R. intermedia Steud. et Hohst., R. orbiculata Bornm., R. saxatilis Jacq.) species which grow in Croatia. Methanolic extracts of barks were prepared by ultrasonication. Content of total phenols were determined by using Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity was investigated using following methods: radical scavenging activity of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical, reducing power, chelating activity and beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay. The greatest content of phenolic substances was found in extract of F. alnus (63 mg/g) while the phenolic content in the other extracts was almost twice lower (between 38 and 23 mg/g). The extracts demonstrated notable antioxidant activity in all the assays. The strongest chelator of Fe2+ ions was the extract of R. orbiculata. The extract of F. alnus was the most active in all the remaining assays. The activity of F. alnus extract in beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay was significantly higher than the activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (ANOVA, p<0.05). Antioxidant activity in all the tests correlated well with content of total phenols (r2 was between 0.46 and 0.79, p<0.001). This suggests that phenolic compounds are main antioxidant substances in bark of investigated Frangula and Rhamnus species.

Secundino Lopez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of rhubarb rheum spp and Frangula Frangula alnus on intake digestibility and ruminal fermentation of different diets and feedstuffs by sheep
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: R Garciagonzalez, Jesus Salvador Gonzalez, Ángel R. Mantecón, Francisco Javier Giráldez, Secundino Lopez
    Abstract:

    Abstract Previous in vitro work suggests that rhubarb ( Rheum spp.) and Frangula ( Frangula alnus ) potentially modify rumen fermentation, but no in vivo research has confirmed these findings or examined the suitability of these plants in the diet of ruminants. Our objective was to examine effects of these plants on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in vivo . Effects on intake were determined in 20 sheep individually housed and fed a TMR ad libitum . Sheep were distributed into 4 experimental groups, which were supplemented with rhubarb (30 g/d), Frangula (30 g/d), monensin (30 mg/kg DM) or nothing (control), respectively. The digestibility of the TMR was determined by placing 4 of the sheep of each group into metabolic cages. The impact of these plants on ruminal fermentation was also examined using rumen cannulated grazing sheep. Fifteen sheep were distributed into 3 groups: control, rhubarb (30 g/d) and Frangula (30 g/d); plant material was supplied daily directly into the rumen, and measurements started after 3 wks of supplementation., which consisted in rumen fluid analyses and in vitro and in situ incubations (12 and 24 h) of several feedstuffs. In the intake experiment, both rhubarb and Frangula groups had an intake comparable to control, while the monensin group had a lower (P in vitro , the cultures yielded less gas and CH 4 , and the gas production curves revealed an overall lower production, but fractional rates similar to control sheep. In situ degradability of several feedstuffs was similar in rhubarb and control sheep. In Frangula supplemented sheep there were small effects on some of the parameters described above for the in vitro incubations. Rhubarb changed the fermentation in the rumen of sheep without affecting intake or digestibility of the diet, suggesting a promising role of rhubarb, or its metabolites, as rumen modifiers for ruminants, and suggest more research to elucidate their impacts on productive performance.

Robert W. Corbett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Dario Kremer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cyto genotoxic effect of Frangula alnus mil bark and emodin
    Third Meeting of the Croatian Association for Cancer Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Anamarija Domijan, Marko Geric, Sandra Radic Brkanac, Valerija Vujcic, Vera Garajvrhovac, Goran Gajski, Dario Kremer
    Abstract:

    Bark of Frangula alnus Mil. is widely used as laxative and can be found as component of herbal laxative preparations. Laxative property of F. alnus bark has been attributed to the presence of anthraquinones ; predominantly emodin. It is known that long-term use of anthraquinone-containing laxatives cause melanosis coli and it is suggested that they have possible role in the development of colorectal adenomas and cancer. However, studies on toxicity of bark of F. alnus are lacking. Therefore, present study investigated toxicity of F. alnus bark widely used as laxative. Human lymphocytes were treated with F. alnus bark extract or emodin, and cyto/genotoxicity and parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated. Moreover, polyphenol content of bark extract and antioxidant activity of the extract and emodin was measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The bark extract (500 μg/ml) induced cell death and DNA strand breaks, while level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) changed at 250 μg/ml. Emodin also induced cell death and DNA strand breaks at 150 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml, respectively, and the increase of ROS was observed at 25 μg/ml. These results suggest that both, bark extract and emodin, are cyto/genotoxic to human lymphocytes and that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of their toxicity. The results on antioxidant activity showed that, unlike emodin, bark extract possess moderate antioxidant capacity that can be related to relatively high phenolic content. Nevertheless, due to toxicological properties use of F. alnus bark and emodin-based herbal preparations should be taken with caution.

  • anthraquinone profiles antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Frangula rupestris scop schur and Frangula alnus mill bark
    Food Chemistry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Dario Kremer, Giuseppe Carlucci, Salvatore Genovese, Francesco Epifano, Marcello Locatelli, Ivan Kosalec, Zovko M Koncic
    Abstract:

    Frangula rupestris and Frangula alnus are deciduous shrubs distributed in Balkan Peninsula. While the bark of F. alnus is medicinally widely used, little is known about chemical and biological properties of F. rupestris. In the present study, F. rupestris and F. alnus bark were evaluated for their reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging and chelating activity, as well as antioxidant activity in s-carotene-linoleic acid assay. In addition, phenolic content, anthraquinone profile and antimicrobial activity of F. rupestris and F. alnus bark were determined. The most represented anthraquinone derivatives in F. rupestris and F. alnus bark were physcion (0.11 mg/g) and emodin (2.03 mg/g), respectively. Both species demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with MIC values equal or lower than 2.5 mg/mL. The presented research indicates that both species may have health benefits as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents for use in functional foods or medicine.

  • quantitative analysis of glucofrangulins and phenolic compounds in croatian rhamnus and Frangula species series botanica
    Acta biologica Cracoviensia, 2011
    Co-Authors: željan Males, Dario Kremer, Zita Gaspar Randic, Marko Randic, Kroata Hazler Pilepic, Mirza Bojic
    Abstract:

    We determined the content of biologically active compounds in the bark of seven Rhamnus L. and two Frangula Mill. species growing in Croatia. All taxa tested had high content of total polyphenols (from 2.68% in R. orbiculata Bornm. to 8.50% in R. pumila Turra), moderate content of glucofrangulins (from 0.22% in R. pumila to 9.26% in R. fallax Boiss.), nontannic polyphenols (from 0.73% in R. orbiculata to 5.92% in F. alnus Mill.) and tannins (from 1.10% in R. saxatilis Jacq. to 4.92% in R. alaternus L.), and low content of phenolic acids (from 0.44% in R. orbiculata to 1.81% in R. intermedia Steud. & Hochst.) and flavonoids (from 0.02% in F. alnus to 1.44% in R. pumila). By ANOVA, variability was highest for glucofrangulin content, less for flavonoids, phenolic acids and nontannic polyphenols, and least for total polyphenols and tannins.

  • quantitative analysis of glucofrangulins and phenolic compounds in croatian rhamnus and Frangula species
    Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2010
    Co-Authors: željan Males, Dario Kremer, Zita Gaspar Randic, Marko Randic, Kroata Hazler Pilepic, Mirza Bojic
    Abstract:

    We determined the content of biologically active compounds in the bark of seven Rhamnus L. and two Frangula Mill. species growing in Croatia. All taxa tested had high content of total polyphenols (from 2.68% in R. orbiculata Bornm. to 8.50% in R. pumila Turra), moderate content of glucofrangulins (from 0.22% in R. pumila to 9.26% in R. fallax Boiss.), nontannic polyphenols (from 0.73% in R. orbiculata to 5.92% in F. alnus Mill.) and tannins (from 1.10% in R. saxatilis Jacq. to 4.92% in R. alaternus L.), and low content of phenolic acids (from 0.44% in R. orbiculata to 1.81% in R. intermedia Steud. & Hochst.) and flavonoids (from 0.02% in F. alnus to 1.44% in R. pumila). By ANOVA, variability was highest for glucofrangulin content, less for flavonoids, phenolic acids and nontannic polyphenols, and least for total polyphenols and tannins.

  • comparison of antioxidant activity of bark of seven species of genera Frangula mill and rhamnus l rhamnaceae
    Planta Medica, 2010
    Co-Authors: Zovko M Koncic, Dario Kremer, Ivan Kosalec, S Vladimirkneevic
    Abstract:

    Plants of genus Rhamnus L. and Frangula Mill. are frequently used in phytomedicine, mainly for their purgative properties [1]. The purpose of this study was to compare radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of bark of two Frangula Mill. (F. alnus L., F. rupestris (Scop.) Schur) and five Rhamnus (R. alaternus L., R. cathartica L., R. intermedia Steud. et Hohst., R. orbiculata Bornm., R. saxatilis Jacq.) species which grow in Croatia. Methanolic extracts of barks were prepared by ultrasonication. Content of total phenols were determined by using Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity was investigated using following methods: radical scavenging activity of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical, reducing power, chelating activity and beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay. The greatest content of phenolic substances was found in extract of F. alnus (63 mg/g) while the phenolic content in the other extracts was almost twice lower (between 38 and 23 mg/g). The extracts demonstrated notable antioxidant activity in all the assays. The strongest chelator of Fe2+ ions was the extract of R. orbiculata. The extract of F. alnus was the most active in all the remaining assays. The activity of F. alnus extract in beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay was significantly higher than the activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (ANOVA, p<0.05). Antioxidant activity in all the tests correlated well with content of total phenols (r2 was between 0.46 and 0.79, p<0.001). This suggests that phenolic compounds are main antioxidant substances in bark of investigated Frangula and Rhamnus species.

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