The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
N R Knowles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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glycoalkaloid development during greening of Fresh Market potatoes solanum tuberosum l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: L A Grunenfelder, L O Knowles, Larry K Hiller, N R KnowlesAbstract:Chlorophyll and glycoalkaloid synthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers occur in direct response to light. The two processes are concurrent, but independent. Color photographic indices to subjectively grade Fresh Market potatoes for the extent of greening were developed under lighting conditions consistent with those of retail Markets. Total glycoalkaloid (TGA) and chlorophyll accumulation for four cultivars were determined over the respective greening scales, thus calibrating the scales for TGA content. On average, TGA concentrations in complete longitudinal sections of tubers (flesh samples) were highest in Dark Red Norland followed by Russet Norkotah, Yukon Gold, and White Rose. TGA concentrations of flesh samples of White Rose and Yukon Gold tubers were somewhat variable and did not increase in direct proportion to greening level and chlorophyll content, particularly at higher levels of greening. TGA concentrations in Dark Red Norland and Russet Norkotah tubers were highly correlated (P ≤ 0.00...
D.l. Peterson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Harvest Mechanization Progress and Prospects for Fresh Market Quality Deciduous Tree Fruits
HortTechnology, 2005Co-Authors: D.l. PetersonAbstract:Deciduous tree fruit crops such as apple (Malus domestica), peach (Prunus persica), and sweet cherry (Prunus avium) are not mechanically harvested for the Fresh Market. Attempts to mechanically harvest these fruits by mass removal techniques have not been successful due to excessive fruit damage caused during detachment, fall through the canopy, and collection. Robotic harvesters have not been commercially accepted due to insufficient fruit recovery. A U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) harvesting concept shows promise for harvesting both Fresh Market quality apples and sweet cherries. Successful mechanical harvesting of Fresh Market quality deciduous tree fruit will only occur when plant characteristics and machine designs are integrated into a compatible system. Cultivar characteristics that would facilitate machine harvesting are uniform fruit maturity at harvest, firm fruit that are resistant to mechanical damage, and compact growth habit that produces fruit in narrow canopies and on short/stiff limbs. Engineers must develop new detachment principles that minimize the energy input to effect fruit detachment, and develop durable energy-absorbing catching surfaces/conveyors to eliminate damage during collection of the fruit. As technology advances, sorting and sizing systems might be developed that can be operating on the harvester to eliminate culls in the field and deliver only Fresh Market quality fruit to the packers.
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FEASIBILITY OF MECHANICALLY HARVESTING Fresh Market QUALITY EASTERN THORNLESS BLACKBERRY
Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003Co-Authors: D.l. Peterson, F. TakedaAbstract:A harvesting system was developed to determine the feasibility of mechanically harvesting Fresh Market quality eastern thornless blackberries. An over–the–row harvester utilized a direct–drive spiked–drum shaker for selective fruit removal and an energy–absorbing catching conveyor to collect the berries. The catching conveyor transferred the fruit to an inspection conveyor where five people graded the berries. A rotatable trellis training system was used to position the fruiting canes in a harvestable position. The eastern thornless blackberry cultivar ’Chester Thornless’ was machine harvested on 2–day intervals. The packout of Fresh Market quality fruit ranged from 8 to 56% of harvested berries. However, the shaker was removing only 38 to 40% of the Fresh Market quality berries. Hand sorters were unable to keep up with machine capacity when fruit was harvested at a rate exceeding 4 kg/min (8.8 lb/min). Machine harvest of Fresh Market quality eastern thornless blackberry does not appear feasible. Factors to improve feasibility of machine harvesting were identified as: uniform fruiting canopy, cultivars that have significant differences in detachment force between mature firm berries and immature berries, and cultivars that retain higher fruit firmness in mature berries.
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Fresh–Market QUALITY TREE FRUIT HARVESTER PART I: SWEET CHERRY
Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003Co-Authors: D.l. Peterson, M. D. Whiting, S.d. WolfordAbstract:A two–unit mechanical harvester was developed to harvest Fresh–Market quality sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). Units were essentially mirror images. On each unit the harvester operator used joysticks to position and engage a rapid displacement actuator (RDA) on main scaffolds to effect fruit removal. Catching conveyors were designed to intercept falling fruit without damage and elevate the fruit to a collecting conveyor. Cushioned catcher pans on each unit were used to seal around the trunk and connect the two units. Main scaffolds were inclined to reduce damage as cherries fell to the catching surface. Ethrel (2–chloroethyl phosphonic acid) was used to reduce the fruit retention force of mature cherries to enable removal without stems or damage. The experimental harvester demonstrated potential for harvesting stemless sweet cherries with Fresh–Market fruit quality comparable to commercial hand–picked cherries. The catching/collecting system was effective with low damage inflicted to the cherries. About 90% of the cherries were remove from the tree and of those removed, 88% were collected and containerized. These levels are expected to increase with proper tree training and appropriate sized catching surfaces. Harvest rate down–the–row ranged from 85 to 158 trees/h with harvester capacity up to 1590 kg/h (3500 lb/h).
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Fresh Market quality tree fruit harvester part i sweet cherry
Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003Co-Authors: D.l. Peterson, M. D. Whiting, S.d. WolfordAbstract:A two–unit mechanical harvester was developed to harvest Fresh–Market quality sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). Units were essentially mirror images. On each unit the harvester operator used joysticks to position and engage a rapid displacement actuator (RDA) on main scaffolds to effect fruit removal. Catching conveyors were designed to intercept falling fruit without damage and elevate the fruit to a collecting conveyor. Cushioned catcher pans on each unit were used to seal around the trunk and connect the two units. Main scaffolds were inclined to reduce damage as cherries fell to the catching surface. Ethrel (2–chloroethyl phosphonic acid) was used to reduce the fruit retention force of mature cherries to enable removal without stems or damage. The experimental harvester demonstrated potential for harvesting stemless sweet cherries with Fresh–Market fruit quality comparable to commercial hand–picked cherries. The catching/collecting system was effective with low damage inflicted to the cherries. About 90% of the cherries were remove from the tree and of those removed, 88% were collected and containerized. These levels are expected to increase with proper tree training and appropriate sized catching surfaces. Harvest rate down–the–row ranged from 85 to 158 trees/h with harvester capacity up to 1590 kg/h (3500 lb/h).
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mechanical harvester for Fresh Market quality stemless sweet cherries
Transactions of the ASABE, 2001Co-Authors: D.l. Peterson, S.d. WolfordAbstract:A mechanical harvester was developed to harvest sweet cherries for the Fresh Market. The harvester operator used joysticks to position and engage a rapid displacement actuator on main scaffolds to effect fruit removal. The three main scaffolds per tree were inclined to reduce damage as cherries fell to the catching surface. Ethrel was used to reduce the fruit retention force of mature cherries to enable removal without stems and damage. A catching conveyor was designed to intercept falling fruit without damage and elevate the fruit to a collecting conveyor. Mechanically harvested cherries had only 2–6% more damage than did commercially hand–harvested cherries and graded 85–92% Marketable.
S. L. Lewthwaite - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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‘Dawn'—a new early‐maincrop Fresh Market/crisping potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2001Co-Authors: R. A. Genet, J. A. D. Anderson, D. T. P. Gallagher, W. F. Braam, S. L. LewthwaiteAbstract:Abstract ‘Dawn’ is a new, high‐yielding, early‐maincrop potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar suited to the Fresh Market and crisp manufacture. Tubers are round‐oval in shape and have white flesh. This variety has moderate resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea).
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‘Pacific’: A new Fresh Market and crisping potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, S. L. Lewthwaite, R. A. Genet, W. F. Braam, D. T. P. GallagherAbstract:Abstract ‘Pacific’ is a new mid‐season to main‐crop potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar suitable for both crisping and the Fresh Market. Tubers are round to round‐oval with light yellow flesh. ‘Pacific’ has partial resistance to the cream potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida).
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‘Driver’: A new, early, Fresh Market potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, S. L. Lewthwaite, R. A. Genet, W. F. Braam, D. T. P. GallagherAbstract:Abstract ‘Driver’ is a new early to mid‐season potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar developed mainly for the Fresh Market. Tubers are round–oval in shape and have white flesh. ‘Driver’ has moderate resistance to the cream potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida). It also has moderate resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) and to bacterial soft rot (Erwinia sp.).
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‘White Delight’: A new maincrop Fresh Market potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: R. A. Genet, J. A. D. Anderson, D. T. P. Gallagher, W. F. Braam, S. L. LewthwaiteAbstract:Abstract ‘White Delight’ is a new, high yielding, maincrop potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivar suitable for the Fresh Market and crisp manufacture. Tubers are round—oval in shape and have white flesh. This variety has moderate resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and to bacterial soft rot (Erwinia sp.).
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‘Driver’: A new, early, Fresh Market potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, S. L. Lewthwaite, R. A. Genet, W. F. Braam, D. T. P. GallagherAbstract:Abstract ‘Driver’ is a new early to mid‐season potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar developed mainly for the Fresh Market. Tubers are round–oval in shape and have white flesh. ‘Driver’ has moderate resistance to the cream potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida). It also has moderate resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) and to bacterial soft rot (Erwinia sp.).
D. T. P. Gallagher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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‘Dawn'—a new early‐maincrop Fresh Market/crisping potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2001Co-Authors: R. A. Genet, J. A. D. Anderson, D. T. P. Gallagher, W. F. Braam, S. L. LewthwaiteAbstract:Abstract ‘Dawn’ is a new, high‐yielding, early‐maincrop potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar suited to the Fresh Market and crisp manufacture. Tubers are round‐oval in shape and have white flesh. This variety has moderate resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea).
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‘Pacific’: A new Fresh Market and crisping potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, S. L. Lewthwaite, R. A. Genet, W. F. Braam, D. T. P. GallagherAbstract:Abstract ‘Pacific’ is a new mid‐season to main‐crop potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar suitable for both crisping and the Fresh Market. Tubers are round to round‐oval with light yellow flesh. ‘Pacific’ has partial resistance to the cream potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida).
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‘Driver’: A new, early, Fresh Market potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, S. L. Lewthwaite, R. A. Genet, W. F. Braam, D. T. P. GallagherAbstract:Abstract ‘Driver’ is a new early to mid‐season potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar developed mainly for the Fresh Market. Tubers are round–oval in shape and have white flesh. ‘Driver’ has moderate resistance to the cream potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida). It also has moderate resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) and to bacterial soft rot (Erwinia sp.).
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‘White Delight’: A new maincrop Fresh Market potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: R. A. Genet, J. A. D. Anderson, D. T. P. Gallagher, W. F. Braam, S. L. LewthwaiteAbstract:Abstract ‘White Delight’ is a new, high yielding, maincrop potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivar suitable for the Fresh Market and crisp manufacture. Tubers are round—oval in shape and have white flesh. This variety has moderate resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and to bacterial soft rot (Erwinia sp.).
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‘Driver’: A new, early, Fresh Market potato cultivar
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1997Co-Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, S. L. Lewthwaite, R. A. Genet, W. F. Braam, D. T. P. GallagherAbstract:Abstract ‘Driver’ is a new early to mid‐season potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar developed mainly for the Fresh Market. Tubers are round–oval in shape and have white flesh. ‘Driver’ has moderate resistance to the cream potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida). It also has moderate resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) and to bacterial soft rot (Erwinia sp.).
Steven A. Fennimore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weed Management in Fresh Market Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) with Phenmedipham and Cycloate
Weed Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Ran Nisim Lati, John S. Rachuy, Steven A. FennimoreAbstract:Abstract Fresh Market spinach has limited herbicides available and weed management in this crop is dependent on hand-weeding. Phenmedipham is a POST herbicide registered for use on spinach grown for processing or for seed, but not Fresh Market spinach. This study evaluates the potential use of phenmedipham alone and in combination with cycloate for weed control in Fresh spinach production. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted in 2013 using two spinach varieties known to have low and high tolerance to phenmedipham. The greenhouse studies showed that phenmedipham at 270 and 550 g ai ha−1 was safe to spinach when applied at the four-leaf stage for the low- and high-tolerance varieties, respectively. Phenmedipham was evaluated alone (550 g ha−1) and applied to the four-leaf stage in two varieties. Subsequently, a second experiment evaluated cycloate (1,700 g ha−1) followed by (fb) phenmedipham at several rates (90, 180, and 270 g ha−1). Phenmedipham alone (550 g ha−1) did not result in crop injury when...
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Weed Management in Fresh Market Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) with S-metolachlor 1
Weed Technology, 2001Co-Authors: Steven A. Fennimore, Richard Smith, Milton E. McgiffenAbstract:Field studies were conducted with Fresh Market spinach to examine crop tolerance and weed control with S-metolachlor. S-metolachlor was applied preemergence (PRE) at rates of 0.56, 0.72, 1.06, and 1.41 kg/ha and compared with the commercial standard cycloate at 3.4 and 4.5 kg/ ha. Spinach was generally tolerant of S-metolachlor at rates up to 1.06 kg/ha on all soil types. S- Metolachlor at 0.56 to 0.72 kg/ha and cycloate at 3.4 kg/ha provided . 88% control of common purslane, nettleleaf goosefoot, and shepherd's purse. Control of common chickweed with S-meto- lachlor at $ 0.56 kg/ha was . 80%, whereas cycloate at 3.4 to 4.5 kg/ha was ineffective. Hand- weeding times in plots treated with S-metolachlor at 0.56 and 0.72 kg/ha were similar or lower than hand-weeding times in plots treated with cycloate at 3.4 kg/ha. Greenhouse studies were conducted to compare the relative tolerance of Fresh Market spinach to S-metolachlor and metolachlor. The GR10 values for S-metolachlor and metolachlor were 1.57 and 2.03 kg/ha, respectively. At rates above 2.2 kg/ha S-metolachlor is less selective in spinach than metolachlor. S-metolachlor is safe for PRE use in Fresh Market spinach at rates up to 1.06 kg/ha. Nomenclature: Cycloate; metolachlor; S-metolachlor; S-enantiomer; common chickweed, Stellaria media L. Vill. # 3 STEME; common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. # POROL; nettleleaf goosefoot, Chenopodium muraleL. # CHEMU; shepherd's-purse, Capsella bursa-pastorisL. Medik # CAPBP; spinach, Spinacia oleracea L. # SPQOL. Additional index words: Herbicide tolerance, weed control, CAPBP, CHEMU, POROL, SPQOL, STEME. Abbreviations: GR10, herbicide concentration required to reduce shoot dry weight by 10%; PRE, preemergence.
