The Experts below are selected from a list of 15906 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shuangcheng Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluating regional water security through a Freshwater ecosystem service flow model a case study in beijing tianjian hebei region china
Ecological Indicators, 2017Co-Authors: Delong Li, Shuyao Wu, Shuangcheng Li, Ze LiangAbstract:Abstract Freshwater ecosystem service is essential to human’s survival and development. Many studies have documented the spatial differences in the supply and demand of ecosystem services and proposed the concept of ecosystem services flows. However, few studies characterize Freshwater ecosystem service flow quantitatively. Therefore, our paper aims to quantify the effects of Freshwater ecosystem service flow on downstream areas. We developed a Freshwater ecosystem service flow model and applied it in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, China, for the year of 2000, 2005, and 2010. We assessed the regional water security with an improved Freshwater security index by integrating Freshwater service provision, consumption and flow; and found that most areas of the BTH region (69.2%) were affected by upstream Freshwater flows. The areas achieving water security in the region also expanded to 66.9%, 66.1%, and 71.3%, which were 6.4%, 6.8% and 5.7% increments compared to no-flow situation, in 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively. Setting quota for human water consumption is suggested to further improve water security. These results highlight the need to fully understand the connections between distant Freshwater ecosystem service provision and local Freshwater ecosystem service consumption. This approach may also help managers to choose more sustainable strategies for critical Freshwater Resource management across different regions.
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Freshwater ecosystem service footprint model a model to evaluate regional Freshwater sustainable development a case study in beijing tianjin hebei china
Ecological Indicators, 2014Co-Authors: Zhe Feng, Yan Li, Shuangcheng LiAbstract:Abstract Freshwater is the essential Resource element to support and ensure human life and regional sustainable development. On the basis of the concept of ecosystem service footprint proposed by Burkhard, in this paper, we introduce a new methodological approach that addresses the sustainability and capability of regional Freshwater provision and consumption, which we have coined Freshwater ecosystem service footprint model (FESF model). The FESF model enhances the accuracy of water provision and consumption calculations and reveals a spatial-pattern of Freshwater ecosystem service footprint at the watershed scale, overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional water footprint model, which was first introduced by Rees and Wackernagel in 1992. The proposed model is tested in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) Freshwater supply area in China, where water use restrictions are regularly imposed on the population and economic activities. The results of the physical process and theoretical analysis reveal that FESF model is a reliable and helpful model for researchers to understand the regional Freshwater situation. The average FESF is 0.94 hectare per capita in BTH, with a maximum of 2.52 hectare per capita and a minimum of 0.36 hectare per capita. Approximately 16.8% of the considered region, primarily parts of the mid-northern region and the surrounding eastern and southern low-lying regions, is under high Freshwater Resource pressure. In conclusion, this model can be used by researchers and policymakers for promoting sustainable human–ecology interactions.
Herve Bocherens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrogen isotopic composition of collagen amino acids as an indicator of aquatic Resource consumption insights from mesolithic and epipalaeolithic archaeological sites in france
World Archaeology, 2013Co-Authors: Yuichi I Naito, Yoshito Chikaraishi, Naohiko Ohkouchi, Dorothee G Drucker, Herve BocherensAbstract:Abstract Aquatic Resource exploitations in human evolution have raised many questions related to cognitive abilities and subsistence developments. It has been pointed out that the evaluation of Freshwater Resource consumption based on conventional stable CN isotopic composition of bulk bone collagen faces some difficulties, primarily because isotopic distinction between terrestrial and Freshwater animals can be ambiguous and, even worse, can show similar values. In this study we tested the potential of nitrogen isotope analysis of individual amino acids in this evaluation. Our preliminary results for archaeological human and faunal remains from Mesolithic and Epipalaeolithic sites in France (Noyen-sur-Seine and Pont d'Ambon) show that estimated trophic positions for terrestrial animals based on δ15N of glutamic acid and phenylalanine are more precise than the bulk collagen isotopic method, allowing human aquatic Resource consumptions to be identified. However, since the ability to quantify is still limite...
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possible Freshwater Resource consumption by the earliest directly dated european modern humans implications for direct radiometric dating
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009Co-Authors: Herve BocherensAbstract:Richards and Trinkaus (1) infer from bone collagen carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic composition a significant contribution of Freshwater Resources in the diet of early European modern humans, especially for the oldest directly dated specimen from Pestera cu Oase, Romania. Although the confirmation of such diet still requires direct comparison of contemporaneous fauna from the same region (2), such a claim raises the question of a possible increase of radiocarbon ages due to Freshwater reservoir effect. It has been documented that Freshwater Resources and their consumers exhibit lower 14C amounts in their organic matter than terrestrial Resources at a given time, which makes them look significantly older, up to 1,200 years (e.g., ref. 3). Such an increase of apparent age has also been documented in some archaeological sites, such as the Iron Gates Gorge along the Danube River at the Serbian–Romanian border (3, 4). Therefore, a precise and quantitative dietary reconstruction is necessary to estimate this possible age increase due to Freshwater consumption, especially as this Romanian directly dated modern human specimen overlaps in age with the latest Neandertals outside the Iberian peninsula (5). Therefore the possible incorporation of Freshwater Resources in the diet of the earliest European modern humans is not only an issue in the scenario of competition between Neandertals and modern humans but also an issue in the actual chronology of modern human migration in Europe and overlap duration between the two hominid forms.
Annette Koehler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a framework for assessing off stream Freshwater use in lca
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2010Co-Authors: Jeanbaptiste Bayart, Cecile Bulle, Louise Deschenes, Manuele Margni, Stephan Pfister, Francois Vince, Annette KoehlerAbstract:Purpose Freshwater scarcity is a problem in many areas of the world and will become one of the most sensitive environmental issues in coming decades. Existing life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies generally do not provide assessment schemes or characterization factors of the potential environmental impacts of Freshwater use or Freshwater Resource depletion. These assessments therefore do not account for the significant environmental consequences of the loss in quality and availability of Freshwater. This paper aims to develop a framework to address this methodological limitation and to support further quantitative modeling of the cause–effect chain relationships of water use. The framework includes recommendations for life cycle inventory (LCI) modeling and provides a description of possible impact pathways for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), including indicators on midpoint and endpoint levels that reflect different areas of protection (AoP).
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water use in lca managing the planet s Freshwater Resources
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2008Co-Authors: Annette KoehlerAbstract:Freshwater is one of the planet’s most valuable Resources being an essential life-sustaining element which cannot be substituted. Acting as the source of drinking water and the basis for hygiene and food supply, it is indispensable for humans, while at the same time ensuring biodiversity and pivotal ecosystem functions on which ultimately we all depend. We are witnessing a steadily worsening situation of rapidly decreasing Freshwater Resource availability which threatens 1.1 billion people around the globe lacking sufficient access to safe drinking water (UN 2006). Spreading water scarcity in many regions of the world endangers food production (about 70% of today’s global Freshwater consumption feeds agriculture!), puts food security at risk, and burdens human health due to malnutrition (e.g., in Asia and Africa). The overexploitation of surface water bodies and (fossil) groundwater for the soaring agricultural production (e.g., in China, India, Western USA) may jeopardize the Freshwater abundance of future generations. Irrigation and damming cause fragmentations of river basins drastically reduce the downstream Freshwater availability and alarmingly threaten aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Inappropriate water Resource management endangers ecological functions and biodiversity, provokes disturbed water cycling and desiccation of rivers, streams, and land. If all that were not bad enough! On top, climate change promises to intensify the looming water crisis by changing rainfall patterns and inducing elevated evaporation and dramatic droughts in many regions of the world: Some 20% of the increase in water scarcity in the coming decades will be caused by climate change according to recent UN estimates (UN 2006). Being a fundamental building block for human civilization and economic development, Freshwater also is a strategic Resource, just like energy (Wall Street Journal 2008). Freshwater Resources and their allocation increasingly play a central role in poverty alleviation and urban water supply, facing growing competition with other economic sectors particularly in low and middle income countries. Rapidly rising urban populations mount the pressure to shift water from agriculture to vastly expanding cities (e.g., in China). Global trade of manufactured goods and services, all of which require water at some point, fuel the demand for capturing the Freshwater userelated environmental, economic, and social impacts (for definition of Freshwater use, see Section 2). This is where life cycle-based sustainability assessment concepts come into play. Particularly, life cycle assessment Int J Life Cycle Assess (2008) 13:451–455 DOI 10.1007/s11367-008-0028-6
Chao Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessing water quality of three gorges reservoir china over a five year period from 2006 to 2011
Water Resources Management, 2013Co-Authors: Pei Zhao, Xiangyu Tang, Jialiang Tang, Chao WangAbstract:Understanding temporal variability in water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is crucial for evaluating environmental effects of damming and protecting China’s largest Freshwater Resource. This study examined water quality changes in the main channel of the Yangtze River after dam completion as well as its relationship with water level fluctuation (WLF), controlled by annual impoundment operations and conditioned by flooding. Finally, the mass balance budget and integrative water quality indexing (WQI) methods were applied to elucidate the status of overall water quality since dam completion. Results showed that TGR outlet water (Yichang) exhibited higher pH and CODMn values and lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) than inlet water (Zhutuo). Temporal variations in water quality parameters displayed similar trends for the outlet and inlet. Water quality parameters all showed negative correlations to water level, revealing the different effects of damming on water quality. It was estimated that reservoir impoundment led to a DO depletion of 1495.5 (±1482.0) × 103 tons/yr and a CODMn increase of 564.0 (±405.0) × 103 tons/yr, likely deriving from various internal pollutant loads from the WLF zone and tributary watersheds. According to WQI, TGR water quality remained at healthy levels. However, WQI linear regression showed that water quality at the outlet significantly decreased over time, indicating that the construction of the Three Gorges Dam generally caused water quality deterioration. Further investigation is required to determine the spatial distribution of point and non-point pollution sources and to identify major factors that influence TGR water quality.
Bradley G Ridoutt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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meat consumption and water scarcity beware of generalizations
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012Co-Authors: Bradley G Ridoutt, Peerasak Sanguansri, Michelle Nolan, Nicki MarksAbstract:Abstract The livestock industry and meat consumption have been variously associated with the problem of global water scarcity. This paper warns against generalizations on the basis that meat production systems are diverse both in farm practice and geography. Using a recently developed life cycle assessment-based methodology that takes into account local water stress where operations occur, the normalized water footprint of lamb cuts produced in south-west Victoria, Australia, and transported to the western USA for retailing and consumption was 44 L H 2 Oe (equivalent) per kg. This case study result, which is likely to be typical of many low input, non-irrigated grazing systems, and which is in the range of other cereal products grown in Australia, demonstrates that the production and consumption of meat does not necessarily impose a heavy burden on Freshwater Resource availability. The variability between meat production systems must be taken into consideration in any discussion about the role of meat in a sustainable global food system.
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the water footprint of food waste case study of fresh mango in australia
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2010Co-Authors: Bradley G Ridoutt, Peerasak Sanguansri, Pablo Juliano, J SellahewaAbstract:Abstract In many parts of the world, Freshwater is already a scarce and overexploited natural Resource, raising concerns about global food security and damage to Freshwater ecosystems. This situation is expected to intensify with the FAO estimating that world food production must double by 2050. Food chains must therefore become much more efficient in terms of consumptive water use. For the small and geographically well-defined Australian mango industry, having an average annual production of 44,692 t of marketable fresh fruit, the average virtual water content (sum of green, blue and gray water) at orchard gate was 2298 l kg −1 . However, due to wastage in the distribution and consumption stages of the product life cycle, the average virtual water content of 1 kg of Australian-grown fresh mango consumed by an Australian household was 5218 l. This latter figure compares to an Australian-equivalent water footprint of 217 l kg −1 , which is the volume of direct water use in Australia having an equivalent potential to contribute to water scarcity. Nationally, distribution and consumption waste in the food chain of Australian-grown fresh mango to Australian households represented an annual waste of 26.7 Gl of green water and 16.6 Gl of blue water. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce food chain waste will likely have as great or even greater impact on Freshwater Resource availability as other water use efficiency measures in agriculture and food production.
