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Krystyna Prochaska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recovery of Fumaric Acid from fermentation broth using bipolar electrodialysis
Journal of Membrane Science, 2014Co-Authors: Krystyna Prochaska, Marta J. Woźniak-budychAbstract:Abstract Separation of Fumaric Acid from fermentation broth was carried out by bipolar electrodialysis using a laboratory ED set-up with an effective membrane stack area of 64 cm 2 . The limiting current density was calculated on the basis of experimental current–voltage curves and optimal conditions of the process performance were proposed. Bipolar electrodialysis of post-fermentation broth from biotechnological conversion of glycerol was preceded by preliminary experiments regarding monocomponent, binary and ternary model solutions of Fumaric Acid. The influence of current density, pH and composition of Fumaric Acid model solutions on the efficiency of the process was analysed and discussed. Results of this report have proven that bipolar electrodialysis can be used as one of the purification steps towards recovery of Fumaric Acid from fermentation broth.
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Fumaric Acid separation from fermentation broth using nanofiltration nf and bipolar electrodialysis edbm
Separation and Purification Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Marta Woźniak, Krystyna ProchaskaAbstract:Abstract The suitability of two techniques: nanofiltration (NF) with ceramic membrane and bipolar electrodialysis (EDBM), in separation and concentration of Fumaric Acid from fermentation broth obtained during biotechnological conversion of glycerol, was investigated. The influence of composition, concentration and pH of Fumaric Acid model solutions on the efficiency of nanofiltration process was studied. It was found that the retention of Fumaric salts increased strongly with increasing pH of the initial solution, while the retention of glycerol was lower than 6%, irrespective of pH. In the second step, the influence of electrodialysis stack configuration, current density, pH and concentration of Fumaric Acid in model solutions on the efficiency of bipolar electrodialysis was analysed. Then, after NF pretreatment, EDBM process of simulated solutions as well as fermentation broth was performed. The current density equal to 50 A/m2 was found sufficient to achieve a 53% desalination of Fumaric Acid from fermentation broth. Moreover, the results obtained showed that bipolar electrodialysis stack, consisting of anion-exchange and bipolar membranes, allowed selective separation of Fumaric Acid from the broth. The results suggest that NF with ceramic membrane as well as EDBM can be effectively applied as a removal step of Fumaric Acid from fermentation broth.
Chan Woo Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combining rational metabolic engineering and flux optimization strategies for efficient production of Fumaric Acid
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Chan Woo SongAbstract:Fumaric Acid is an important C4-dicarboxylic Acid widely used in chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Rational metabolic engineering together with flux optimization were performed for the development of an Escherichia coli strain capable of efficiently producing Fumaric Acid. The initial engineered strain, CWF4N overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC), produced 5.30 g/L of Fumaric Acid. Optimization of PPC flux by examining 24 types of synthetic PPC expression vectors further increased the titer up to 5.72 g/L with a yield of 0.432 g/g·glucose. Overexpression of the succinate dehydrogenase complex (sdhCDAB) led to an increase in carbon yield up to 0.493 g/g·glucose. Based on this mutant strain, citrate synthase (CS) was combinatorially overexpressed and balanced with PPC using 48 types of synthetic expression vectors. As a result, 6.24 g/L of Fumaric Acid was produced with a yield of 0.500 g/g·glucose. Fed-batch culture of this final strain allowed production of 25.5 g/L of Fumaric Acid with a yield of 0.366 g/g·glucose. Deletion of the aspA gene encoding aspartase and supplementation of aspartic Acid further increased the Fumaric Acid titer to 35.1 g/L with a yield of 0.490 g/g·glucose.
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metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for the production of Fumaric Acid
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2013Co-Authors: Chan Woo Song, Sol Choi, Jae Won JangAbstract:Fumaric Acid is a naturally occurring organic Acid that is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic Acid cycle. Fungal species belonging to Rhizopus have traditionally been employed for the production of Fumaric Acid. In this study, Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered for the production of Fumaric Acid under aerobic condition. For the aerobic production of Fumaric Acid, the iclR gene was deleted to redirect the carbon flux through the glyoxylate shunt. In addition, the fumA, fumB, and fumC genes were also deleted to enhance Fumaric Acid formation. The resulting strain was able to produce 1.45 g/L of Fumaric Acid from 15 g/L of glucose in flask culture. Based on in silico flux response analysis, this base strain was further engineered by plasmid-based overexpression of the native ppc gene, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC), from the strong tac promoter, which resulted in the production of 4.09 g/L of Fumaric Acid. Additionally, the arcA and ptsG genes were deleted to reinforce the oxidative TCA cycle flux, and the aspA gene was deleted to block the conversion of Fumaric Acid into L-aspartic Acid. Since it is desirable to avoid the use of inducer, the lacI gene was also deleted. To increase glucose uptake rate and Fumaric Acid productivity, the native promoter of the galP gene was replaced with the strong trc promoter. Fed-batch culture of the final strain CWF812 allowed production of 28.2 g/L Fumaric Acid in 63 h with the overall yield and productivity of 0.389 g Fumaric Acid/g glucose and 0.448 g/L/h, respectively. This study demonstrates the possibility for the efficient production of Fumaric Acid by metabolically engineered E. coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2025–2034. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adrie J. J. Straathof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solubility of Fumaric Acid and Its Monosodium Salt
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013Co-Authors: Carol A Roa Engel, J.h. Ter Horst, Mervin Pieterse, L.a.m. Van Der Wielen, Adrie J. J. StraathofAbstract:Fumaric Acid is a dicarboxylic Acid applied in food industry and in some polymers. Currently, its fermentative production from renewable resources is receiving much attention, and crystallization is used to recover it. To determine the window of operation for crystallization from multicomponent fermentation mixtures, the aqueous solubilities of Fumaric Acid and its sodium salts were investigated. For Fumaric Acid, sodium hydrogen fumarate, and sodium fumarate, solubilities and pH increased in this order because of increasing polarity and dissociation. A mathematical model was developed to predict crystal type and amount as function of temperature and pH. The effect of glucose (up to 3.0 mmol·mol-1) on the solubility can be neglected, but ethanol (1.0 mmol·mol-1) slightly increased the solubility of Fumaric Acid and significantly decreased the solubility of the sodium salts, because the aqueous solution becomes less polar upon ethanol addition but not upon glucose addition. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
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Production of Fumaric Acid by Fermentation
Sub-cellular biochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Adrie J. J. Straathof, Walter M. Van GulikAbstract:Fermentative Fumaric Acid production from renewable resources may become competitive with petrochemical production. This will require very efficient processes. So far, using Rhizopus strains, the best fermentations reported have achieved a Fumaric Acid titer of 126 g/L with a productivity of 1.38 g L−1 h−1 and a yield on glucose of 0.97 g/g. This requires pH control, aeration, and carbonate/CO2 supply. Limitations of the used strains are their pH tolerance, morphology, accessibility for genetic engineering, and partly, versatility to alternative carbon sources. Understanding of the mechanism and energetics of Fumaric Acid export by Rhizopus strains will be a success factor for metabolic engineering of other hosts for Fumaric Acid production. So far, metabolic engineering has been described for Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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development of a low ph fermentation strategy for Fumaric Acid production by rhizopus oryzae
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Carol Roa A Engel, Walter M. Van Gulik, Leonie Marang, Luuk A M Van Der Wielen, Adrie J. J. StraathofAbstract:Abstract Dicarboxylic Acids that are produced from renewable resources are becoming attractive building blocks for the polymers industry. In this respect, Fumaric Acid is very interesting. Its low aqueous solubility facilitates product recovery. To avoid excessive waste salt production during downstream processing, a low pH for Fumaric Acid fermentation will be beneficial. Studying the influence of pH, working volume and shaking frequency on cell cultivation helped us to identify the best conditions to obtain appropriate pellet morphologies of a wild type strain of Rhizopus oryzae . Using these pellets, the effects of pH and CO 2 addition were studied to determine the best conditions to produce Fumaric Acid in batch fermentations under nitrogen-limited conditions with glucose as carbon source. Decreasing either the fermentation pH below 5 or increasing the CO 2 content of the inlet air above 10% was unfavourable for the cell-specific productivity, Fumaric Acid yield, and Fumaric Acid titer. However, switching off the pH control late in the batch phase did not affect these performance parameters and allowed achieving pH of 3.6. A concentration of 20 g L −1 of Fumaric Acid was obtained at pH 3.6 while the average cell mass specific productivity and Fumaric Acid yield were the same as at pH 5.0. Consequently, relatively modest amounts of inorganic base were required for pH control, while recovery of the Acid should be relatively easy at pH 3.6.
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Fumaric Acid production by fermentation.
Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2008Co-Authors: Carol A Roa Engel, Tiemen W Zijlmans, Walter M. Van Gulik, Luuk A.m. Van Der Wielen, Adrie J. J. Straathof, Carol A Roa EngelAbstract:The potential of Fumaric Acid as a raw material in the polymer industry and the increment of cost of petroleum-based Fumaric Acid raises interest in fermentation processes for production of this compound from renewable resources. Although the chemical process yields 112% w/w Fumaric Acid from maleic anhydride and the fermentation process yields only 85% w/w from glucose, the latter raw material is three times cheaper. Besides, the fermentation fixes CO2. Production of Fumaric Acid by Rhizopus species and the involved metabolic pathways are reviewed. Submerged fermentation systems coupled with product recovery techniques seem to have achieved economically attractive yields and productivities. Future prospects for improvement of Fumaric Acid production include metabolic engineering approaches to achieve low pH fermentations.
S T Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3.16 – Fumaric Acid
Comprehensive Biotechnology, 2020Co-Authors: S T Yang, K Zhang, B. ZhangAbstract:Fumaric Acid is an important specialty chemical with wide industrial applications ranging from its use as feedstock for the synthesis of polymeric resins to Acidulant in foods and pharmaceuticals. Currently, Fumaric Acid is mainly produced by petroleum-based chemical synthesis. Limited petroleum resources, rising oil prices, and heightened environmental concern of chemical synthesis have prompted interest in the development of bio-based Fumaric Acid from renewable resources. Filamentous fungal fermentation with Rhizopus spp. can produce Fumaric Acid from glucose via a reductive tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) pathway and was once used in the industry before the rising of the petrochemical industry. However, conventional Fumaric Acid fermentation is expensive because of its low product yield and productivity. Filamentous fungal fermentation is also difficult to operate because of its morphology. Methods to control cell growth in the pellet form and to immobilize the mycelia in biofilm have been developed to improve fermentation performance. In this article, we provide detailed discussions on Fumaric Acid producing microorganisms (mainly Rhizopus oryzae); the metabolic pathway; key enzymes involved in Fumaric Acid overproduction; fermentation process conditions including substrates, nutrients, and methods to control cell morphology, fermentation pH, and dissolved oxygen; and separation methods for Fumaric Acid recovery from the fermentation broth. We conclude that future research aiming at understanding the metabolic pathway and regulatory network associated with Fumaric Acid biosynthesis should pave the way leading to the development of novel strains for the economical production of Fumaric Acid from biomass.
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in situ recovery of Fumaric Acid by intermittent adsorption with ira 900 ion exchange resin for enhanced Fumaric Acid production by rhizopus oryzae
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Kun Zhang, S T YangAbstract:Abstract An in situ separation method for Fumaric Acid recovery by adsorption from fermentation broth was developed with IRA900, which was selected for its high adsorption capacity at the fermentation-favored pH of 5 and high selectivity against impurities (glucose and malic Acid). The adsorption of Fumaric Acid in a fixed bed column was evaluated, and the effects of resin ion form (Cl− or OH−), feed flow rate (2.34–5.34 mL min−1), and stripping agent (NaOH or NaCl) on the process were investigated. The results showed that the best conditions were the ion form of Cl−, feed flow rate of 4.10–5.34 mL min−1 and 0.7 M NaCl as the stripping agent. An intermittent in situ adsorption process was then demonstrated by coupling the fixed bed column with a stirred-tank bioreactor through medium recirculation during the fermentation. After saturating the resin in ∼3 h, desorption was performed with 0.7 M NaCl for ∼1 h, which stripped out all the Fumaric Acid adsorbed on the resin and simultaneously regenerated the resin to its original chloride form for immediate reuse in another adsorption cycle. Compared to the batch fermentation without adsorption, intermittent in situ recovery of Fumaric Acid increased the yield by 25% and productivity by 59%.
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metabolic engineering of rhizopus oryzae effects of overexpressing pyc and pepc genes on Fumaric Acid biosynthesis from glucose
Metabolic Engineering, 2012Co-Authors: B. Zhang, Christopher D Skory, S T YangAbstract:Abstract Fumaric Acid, a dicarboxylic Acid used as a food Acidulant and in manufacturing synthetic resins, can be produced from glucose in fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae. However, the Fumaric Acid yield is limited by the co-production of ethanol and other byproducts. To increase Fumaric Acid production, overexpressing endogenous pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) and exogenous phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) to increase the carbon flux toward oxaloacetate were investigated. Compared to the wild type, the PYC activity in the pyc transformants increased 56%–83%, whereas pepc transformants exhibited significant PEPC activity (3–6 mU/mg) that was absent in the wild type. Fumaric Acid production by the pepc transformant increased 26% (0.78 g/g glucose vs. 0.62 g/g for the wild type). However, the pyc transformants grew poorly and had low Fumaric Acid yields (
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Fumaric Acid
Comprehensive Biotechnology Second Edition, 2011Co-Authors: S T Yang, B. Zhang, K Zhang, Hefei HuangAbstract:© 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fumaric Acid is an important specialty chemical with wide industrial applications ranging from its use as feedstock for the synthesis of polymeric resins to Acidulant in foods and pharmaceuticals. Currently, Fumaric Acid is mainly produced by petroleum-based chemical synthesis. Limited petroleum resources, rising oil prices, and heightened environmental concern of chemical synthesis have prompted interest in the development of bio-based Fumaric Acid from renewable resources. Filamentous fungal fermentation with Rhizopus spp. can produce Fumaric Acid from glucose via a reductive tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) pathway and was once used in the industry before the rising of the petrochemical industry. However, conventional Fumaric Acid fermentation is expensive because of its low product yield and productivity. Filamentous fungal fermentation is also difficult to operate because of its morphology. Methods to control cell growth in the pellet form and to immobilize the mycelia in biofilm have been developed to improve fermentation performance. In this article, we provide detailed discussions on Fumaric Acid producing microorganisms (mainly Rhizopus oryzae); the metabolic pathway; key enzymes involved in Fumaric Acid overproduction; fermentation process conditions including substrates, nutrients, and methods to control cell morphology, fermentation pH, and dissolved oxygen; and separation methods for Fumaric Acid recovery from the fermentation broth. We conclude that future research aiming at understanding the metabolic pathway and regulatory network associated with Fumaric Acid biosynthesis should pave the way leading to the development of novel strains for the economical production of Fumaric Acid from biomass.
He Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extractive fermentation for Fumaric Acid production by Rhizopus oryzae
Separation Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Qing Xu, Shuang Li, Silong He, Ling Jiang, Rongfeng Guan, He HuangAbstract:ABSTRACTLow product concentration and high cost of recovery process have motivated the study of in situ removal of Fumaric Acid from fermentation broth. After a series of screenings, an integrated process with Fumaric Acid fermentation and extraction was developed. Under this integrated process, Fumaric Acid production and productivity increased from 18.06 g/L to 34.23 g/L, and from 0.27 g/L/h to 0.57 g/L/h, respectively. Neutralizing agent utilization decreased by 58.75%, and 140.7 g/L ammonium fumarate was obtained after back extraction, which could be directed used to produce related derivatives without concentration. Thus, the integrated process was more economic and environmental friendly.
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Alternative respiration and Fumaric Acid production of Rhizopus oryzae
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Shuai Gu, Qing Xu, He Huang, Shuang LiAbstract:Under the conditions of Fumaric Acid fermentation, Rhizopus oryzae ME-F14 possessed at least two respiratory systems. The respiration of mycelia was partially inhibited by the cytochrome respiration inhibitor antimycin A or the alternative respiration inhibitor salicylhydroxamic Acid and was completely inhibited in the presence of both antimycin A and salicylhydroxamic Acid. During Fumaric Acid fermentation process, the activity of alternative respiration had a great correlation with Fumaric Acid productivity; both of them reached peak at the same time. The alternative oxidase gene, which encoded the mitochondrial alternative oxidase responsible for alternative respiration in R. oryzae ME-F14, was cloned and characterized in Escherichia coli. The activity of alternative respiration, the alternative oxidase gene transcription level, as well as the Fumaric Acid titer were measured under different carbon sources and different carbon-nitrogen ratios. The activity of alternative respiration was found to be comparable to the transcription level of the alternative oxidase gene and the Fumaric Acid titer. These results indicated that the activity of the alternative oxidase was regulated at the transcription stage under the conditions tested for R. oryzae ME-F14.
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key technologies for the industrial production of Fumaric Acid by fermentation
Biotechnology Advances, 2012Co-Authors: Qing Xu, Shuang Li, He HuangAbstract:Abstract The growing concern about the safety of food and dairy additives and the increasing costs of petroleum-based chemicals have rekindled the interest in the fermentation processes for Fumaric Acid production. The key problems of the industrial production of microbial Fumaric Acid are reviewed in this paper. Various strategies, including strain improvement, morphology control, substrate choice, fermentation process and separation process, are summarized and compared, and their economical possibilities for industrial processes are discussed. The market prospects and technological strategies for value-added Fumaric Acid derivatives are also addressed. The future prospects of microbial Fumaric Acid production are proposed at the end of this article.
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production of Fumaric Acid by rhizopus oryzae role of carbon nitrogen ratio
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2011Co-Authors: Yueyue Ding, Shuang Li, Yang Yu, He HuangAbstract:Cytosolic fumarase, a key enzyme for the accumulation of Fumaric Acid in Rhizopus oryzae, catalyzes the dehydration of l-malic Acid to Fumaric Acid. The effects of carbon–nitrogen ratio on the Acid production and activity of cytosolic fumarase were investigated. Under nitrogen limitation stress, the cytosolic fumarase could keep high activity. With the urea concentration decreased from 2.0 to 0.1 g l−1, the cytosolic fumarase activity increased by 300% and the production of Fumaric Acid increased from 14.4 to 40.3 g l−1 and l-malic Acid decreased from 2.1 to 0.3 g l−1. Cytosolic fumarase could be inhibited by substrate analog 3-hydroxybutyric Acid. With the addition of 3-hydroxybutyric Acid (50 mM) in the fermentation culture, Fumaric Acid production decreased from 40.3 to 14.1 g l−1 and l-malic Acid increased from 0.3 to 5.4 g l−1.
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two stage utilization of corn straw by rhizopus oryzae for Fumaric Acid production
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Qing Xu, Shuang Li, Yongqian Fu, He HuangAbstract:Abstract Due to the abundant, low price characteristic, lots of efforts have been put into producing bulk chemical from lignocellulose biomass, but the low utility of xylose, which is the second main component in lignocellulose, becomes a bottleneck for efficient lignocellulose utilization. This study investigated a novel two-stage corn straw utilization strategy for Fumaric Acid production by Rhizopus oryzae . Fungal growth was approached in hydrolysates from Acid hydrolysis of corn straw, contained 30 g/l xylose; and Fumaric Acid production was occurred in hydrolysates from enzymatic hydrolysis of the residue corn straw after Acid hydrolysis, contained 80 g/l glucose. Under the optimal condition using this two-stage corn straw utilization strategy, the Fumaric Acid production, was up to 27.79 g/l, with the yield of 0.35 g/g, productivity of 0.33 g/l/h.
