The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Folker Hanusch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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web analytics and the Functional Differentiation of journalism cultures individual organizational and platform specific influences on newswork
Information Communication & Society, 2017Co-Authors: Folker HanuschAbstract:ABSTRACTA key development in journalism over the past decade has been the rise of web analytics for real-time measurement of how audiences respond to news content. While this has led to concerns that analytics may contribute to a dumbing down of news, our understanding of the impact analytics have on journalism culture is still limited. This study explores individual, organizational and platform-specific influences on ways in which journalists and newsrooms access, use, interpret and apply analytics in their daily work. It argues that, increasingly, analytics are beginning to shape and reshape journalistic roles, values, norms and practices across different types of newsrooms. These developments are contributing to processes of Functional Differentiation in the journalistic field, which is found particularly in emerging practices of day- and platform-parting. The study argues that this Differentiation has important consequences for scholars wanting to study news production, distribution and content in the...
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web analytics and the Functional Differentiation of journalism cultures individual organizational and platform specific influences on newswork
Creative Industries Faculty, 2016Co-Authors: Folker HanuschAbstract:A key development in journalism over the past decade has been the rise of web analytics for real-time measurement of how audiences respond to news content. While this has led to concerns that analytics may contribute to a dumbing down of news, our understanding of the impact analytics have on journalism culture is still limited. This study explores individual, organizational and platform-specific influences on ways in which journalists and newsrooms access, use, interpret and apply analytics in their daily work. It argues that, increasingly, analytics are beginning to shape and reshape journalistic roles, values, norms and practices across different types of newsrooms. These developments are contributing to processes of Functional Differentiation in the journalistic field, which is found particularly in emerging practices of day- and platform-parting. The study argues that this Differentiation has important consequences for scholars wanting to study news production, distribution and content in the digital age.
Jeffrey M. Rosen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Epigenetic Landscape of Mammary Gland Development and Functional Differentiation
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 2010Co-Authors: Monique Rijnkels, Elena Kabotyanski, Mohamad B. Montazer-torbati, C. Hue Beauvais, Yegor Vassetzky, Jeffrey M. Rosen, Eve DevinoyAbstract:Most of the development and Functional Differentiation in the mammary gland occur after birth. Epigenetics is defined as the stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and proliferation. Epigenetic changes are mediated at the biochemical level by the chromatin conformation initiated by DNA methylation, histone variants, post-translational modifications of histones, non-histone chromatin proteins, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetics plays a key role in development. However, very little is known about its role in the developing mammary gland or how it might integrate the many signalling pathways involved in mammary gland development and function that have been discovered during the past few decades. An inverse relationship between marks of closed (DNA methylation) or open chromatin (DnaseI hypersensitivity, certain histone modifications) and milk protein gene expression has been documented. Recent studies have shown that during development and Functional Differentiation, both global and local chromatin changes occur. Locally, chromatin at distal regulatory elements and promoters of milk protein genes gains a more open conformation. Furthermore, changes occur both in looping between regulatory elements and attachment to nuclear matrix. These changes are induced by developmental signals and environmental conditions. Additionally, distinct epigenetic patterns have been identified in mammary gland stem and progenitor cell sub-populations. Together, these findings suggest that epigenetics plays a role in mammary development and function. With the new tools for epigenomics developed in recent years, we now can begin to establish a framework for the role of epigenetics in mammary gland development and disease.
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c ebpβ but not c ebpα is essential for ductal morphogenesis lobuloalveolar proliferation and Functional Differentiation in the mouse mammary gland
Genes & Development, 1998Co-Authors: Tiffany N Seagroves, Susanne Krnacik, Brian Raught, Bonnie L Burgessbeusse, Gretchen J Darlington, Jeffrey M. RosenAbstract:The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are differentially expressed throughout mammary gland development and interact with binding sites within the promoter of a milk protein gene, β-casein. The specific roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPα in mouse mammary gland development and Differentiation have been investigated in mice that carry targeted deletions of these genes. C/EBPβ−/− virgin mice exhibited cystic, enlarged mammary ducts with decreased secondary branching. Transplantation of C/EBPβ−/− mammary epithelium into the cleared mammary fat pads of nude mice confirmed that this defect in ductal morphogenesis was intrinsic to the epithelium. When treated with estrogen/progesterone (E+P) to simulate pregnancy, C/EBPβ−/− mammary glands displayed only limited lobuloalveolar development and ductal side branching. Primary mammary epithelial cells obtained from E+P-treated C/EBPβ−/− mice that were cultured on extracellular matrix gels did not Functionally differentiate in response to lactogenic hormones despite their organization into three-dimensional structures. Expression of β-casein protein was inhibited 85%–100% and whey acidic protein (WAP) was undetectable. In contrast, no detectable alterations in mammary development or β-casein expression were observed in mammary outgrowths derived from newborn C/EBPα−/− mammary epithelium transplanted into the cleared mammary fat pads of syngeneic hosts. These results demonstrate that C/EBPβ, but not C/EBPα, is required for ductal morphogenesis, lobuloalveolar development, and Functional Differentiation of mammary epithelial cells.
Brian Raught - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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c ebpβ but not c ebpα is essential for ductal morphogenesis lobuloalveolar proliferation and Functional Differentiation in the mouse mammary gland
Genes & Development, 1998Co-Authors: Tiffany N Seagroves, Susanne Krnacik, Brian Raught, Bonnie L Burgessbeusse, Gretchen J Darlington, Jeffrey M. RosenAbstract:The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are differentially expressed throughout mammary gland development and interact with binding sites within the promoter of a milk protein gene, β-casein. The specific roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPα in mouse mammary gland development and Differentiation have been investigated in mice that carry targeted deletions of these genes. C/EBPβ−/− virgin mice exhibited cystic, enlarged mammary ducts with decreased secondary branching. Transplantation of C/EBPβ−/− mammary epithelium into the cleared mammary fat pads of nude mice confirmed that this defect in ductal morphogenesis was intrinsic to the epithelium. When treated with estrogen/progesterone (E+P) to simulate pregnancy, C/EBPβ−/− mammary glands displayed only limited lobuloalveolar development and ductal side branching. Primary mammary epithelial cells obtained from E+P-treated C/EBPβ−/− mice that were cultured on extracellular matrix gels did not Functionally differentiate in response to lactogenic hormones despite their organization into three-dimensional structures. Expression of β-casein protein was inhibited 85%–100% and whey acidic protein (WAP) was undetectable. In contrast, no detectable alterations in mammary development or β-casein expression were observed in mammary outgrowths derived from newborn C/EBPα−/− mammary epithelium transplanted into the cleared mammary fat pads of syngeneic hosts. These results demonstrate that C/EBPβ, but not C/EBPα, is required for ductal morphogenesis, lobuloalveolar development, and Functional Differentiation of mammary epithelial cells.
Diana Boraschi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from monocytes to m1 m2 macrophages phenotypical vs Functional Differentiation
Frontiers in Immunology, 2014Co-Authors: Paola Italiani, Diana BoraschiAbstract:Studies on monocyte and macrophage biology and Differentiation have revealed the pleiotropic activities of these cells. Macrophages are tissue sentinels that maintain tissue integrity by eliminating/repairing damaged cells and matrices. In this M2-like mode they can also promote tumor growth. Conversely, M1-like macrophages are key effector cells for the elimination of pathogens, virally infected, and cancer cells. Macrophage Differentiation from monocytes occurs in the tissue in concomitance with the acquisition of a Functional phenotype that depends on microenvironmental signals, thereby accounting for the many and apparently opposed macrophage functions. Many questions arise. When monocytes differentiate into macrophages in a tissue (concomitantly adopting a specific Functional program, M1 or M2), do they all die during the inflammatory reaction, or do some of them survive? Do those that survive become quiescent tissue macrophages, able to react as naive cells to a new challenge? Or, do monocyte-derived tissue macrophages conserve a “memory” of their past inflammatory activation? This review will address some of these important questions under the general framework of the role of monocytes and macrophages in the initiation, development, resolution and chronicization of inflammation.
Marie T Banich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anterior cingulate cortex an fmri analysis of conflict specificity and Functional Differentiation
Human Brain Mapping, 2005Co-Authors: Michael P Milham, Marie T BanichAbstract:In this event-related Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we provide evidence that the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in cognitive control may not be unitary, as the responses of different ACC subregions vary depending upon the nature of task-irrelevant information. More specifically, using the color-word Stroop task (congruent, incongruent, and neutral trial types), we examined the degree to which increases in neural activity within ACC are specific to conditions of conflict, as posited by the conflict monitoring theory (Botvinick et al. (1999): Rev Neurosci 10:49-57; Carter et al. (1998): Science 280:747-749). Although incongruent and congruent trials both involve two competing sources of color information (color word and ink color), only incongruent trials involve a direct conflict between task-relevant and task-irrelevant information. Although the anterior division of the ACC rostral zone exhibited conflict specific increases in neural activity (i.e., incongruent ! congruent " neutral), the posterior division exhibited a more generalized pattern, increasing whenever the task-irrelevant infor- mation was color related, regardless of whether it was conflicting (i.e., incongruent and congruent ! neutral). Our data thus suggest a possible Functional Differentiation within the ACC. As such, it is unlikely that the role of the ACC in cognitive control will be able to be accommodated by a single unifying theory. Hum Brain Mapp 25:328-335, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
