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Robert Woollard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional Knee Brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2012Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, Robert Lloyd-smith, William Regan, Brian Niven, Robert WoollardAbstract:Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing Functional Knee Braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-Braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects. Methods Twenty-three healthy male provincial and national basketball and field hockey athletes (age, 19.4 ± 3.0 years) were tested. Each subject was provided with a custom-fitted FKB. Five NBR testing sessions were performed over 3 days followed by five BR testing sessions also over 3 days, for a total of 17.5 h of testing per condition. Each subject performed eight trials of the drop jump task during each testing session per condition. Single-leg peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and the time to PVGRF were recorded for each NBR and BR trail. Results The BR group mean PVGRF at landing was significantly lower (1,628 ± 405 N, 2.1 ± 0.5 BW versus 1,715 ± 403 N, 2.2 ± 0.5 BW, F _1,22 = 6.83, P = 0.01) compared with NBR subjects, respectively. The group mean time to PVGRF was not statistically longer during the BR condition ( F _1,22 = 0.967, P = 0.3). Further, an accommodation trend was noted as percent performance difference decreased with continued FKB use. Conclusions The significantly lower group mean PVGRF while using a FKB could keep traumatic forces from reaching the ACL until the active neuromuscular restraints are activated to provide protection to the Knee joint ligaments. Also, accommodation to FKB is possible after approximately 14.0 h of Brace use. The results of this paper will assist clinicians in providing information to their patients regarding a FKB ability to offer protection to an ACL-deficient Knee or to address concerns about early muscle fatigue, energy expenditure, heart rate, and decrease in performance level. Level of evidence Prospective study, Level I.
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Functional Knee Brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2012Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing Functional Knee Braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-Braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects.
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Performance of healthy Braced participants during aerobic and anaerobic capacity tasks.
Journal of Athletic Training, 2011Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Context: Knee Braces were introduced in sports approximately 30 years ago. However, the effects of a Functional Knee Brace (FKB) on aerobic and anaerobic performance after fatigue are unknown. Obje...
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Effect of Functional Knee Brace use on acceleration, agility, leg power and speed performance in healthy athletes
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Objectives To investigate performance levels and accommodation period to Functional Knee Brace (FKB) use in non-injured Braced subjects while completing acceleration, agility, lower extremity power and speed tasks. Design A 2 (non-Braced and Braced conditions) × 5 (testing sessions) repeated-measures design. Methods 27 healthy male athletes were provided a custom fitted FKB. Each subject performed acceleration, agility, leg power and speed tests over 6 days; five non-Braced testing sessions over 3 days followed by five Braced testing sessions also over 3 days. Each subject performed two testing sessions (3.5 h per session) each day. Performance levels for each test were recorded during each non-Braced and Braced trial. Repeated measures analysis of variance, with a post hoc Tukey9s test for any test found to be significant, were used to determine if accommodation to FKB was possible in healthy Braced subjects. Results Initial performance levels were lower for Braced than non-Braced for all tests (acceleration p=0.106; agility p=0.520; leg power p=0.001 and speed p=0.001). However, after using the FKB for approximately 14.0 h, no significant performance differences were noted between the two testing conditions (acceleration non-Braced, 0.53±0.04 s; Braced, 0.53±0.04 s, p=0.163, agility non-Braced, 9.80±0.74 s; Braced, 9.80±0.85 s, p=0.151, lower extremity power non-Braced, 58±7.4 cm; Braced, 57±8.1 cm, p=0.163 and speed non-Braced, 1.86±0.11 s; Braced, 1.89±0.11 s, p=0.460). Conclusions An initial decrement in performance levels was recorded when a FKB is used during an alactic performance task. After 12.0–14.0 h of FKB use, performance measures were similar between the two testing conditions.
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Functional Knee Brace use by non-injured subjects while performing an anaerobic capacity task: preliminary study.
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2010Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Aim. The objective of this paper was to investigate if performance was hindered in non-injured Braced athletes during an anaerobic task. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a Knee Brace occur and thus decreasing performance hindrance concern while using a Functional Knee Brace (FKB). Methods. A 2x3 non-Braced (NBr) and Braced repeated measure factorial design. Five healthy athletes completed all testing. Subjects performed the Repeated High Intensity Shuttle Test (RHIST) over six days (three days NBr and three days Braced). Running times were recorded each testing day to determine performance measures and percent fatigue levels while using a FKB and if accommodation to FKB use was possible. Results. Non significant (F 1,4 =1.42, P=0.299) faster group mean performance time, was recorded for Braced subjects relative to the non-Braced condition. Although relatively faster performance levels were noted during the Braced testing conditions during days 1 and 3 compared to the non-Braced condition, these results were also not significant (F 2,8 =2.82, P=0.118). Lower percent fatigue level was recorded during all three Braced days compared to non-Braced days. Further, a tendency for accommodation to Knee Brace trend use was noted as the percentage performance difference between the two conditions had decreased by the last day of testing. Conclusion. Use of a Knee Brace did not hinder performance once accommodation to using the Knee Brace occurred and fatigue was not a factor while using a Knee Brace. Additional research, using a larger sample size and longer testing duration, is required to confirm the potential accommodation trend.
Neetu Rishiraj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional Knee Brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2012Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, Robert Lloyd-smith, William Regan, Brian Niven, Robert WoollardAbstract:Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing Functional Knee Braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-Braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects. Methods Twenty-three healthy male provincial and national basketball and field hockey athletes (age, 19.4 ± 3.0 years) were tested. Each subject was provided with a custom-fitted FKB. Five NBR testing sessions were performed over 3 days followed by five BR testing sessions also over 3 days, for a total of 17.5 h of testing per condition. Each subject performed eight trials of the drop jump task during each testing session per condition. Single-leg peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and the time to PVGRF were recorded for each NBR and BR trail. Results The BR group mean PVGRF at landing was significantly lower (1,628 ± 405 N, 2.1 ± 0.5 BW versus 1,715 ± 403 N, 2.2 ± 0.5 BW, F _1,22 = 6.83, P = 0.01) compared with NBR subjects, respectively. The group mean time to PVGRF was not statistically longer during the BR condition ( F _1,22 = 0.967, P = 0.3). Further, an accommodation trend was noted as percent performance difference decreased with continued FKB use. Conclusions The significantly lower group mean PVGRF while using a FKB could keep traumatic forces from reaching the ACL until the active neuromuscular restraints are activated to provide protection to the Knee joint ligaments. Also, accommodation to FKB is possible after approximately 14.0 h of Brace use. The results of this paper will assist clinicians in providing information to their patients regarding a FKB ability to offer protection to an ACL-deficient Knee or to address concerns about early muscle fatigue, energy expenditure, heart rate, and decrease in performance level. Level of evidence Prospective study, Level I.
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Functional Knee Brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2012Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing Functional Knee Braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-Braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects.
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Performance of healthy Braced participants during aerobic and anaerobic capacity tasks.
Journal of Athletic Training, 2011Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Context: Knee Braces were introduced in sports approximately 30 years ago. However, the effects of a Functional Knee Brace (FKB) on aerobic and anaerobic performance after fatigue are unknown. Obje...
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Effect of Functional Knee Brace use on acceleration, agility, leg power and speed performance in healthy athletes
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Objectives To investigate performance levels and accommodation period to Functional Knee Brace (FKB) use in non-injured Braced subjects while completing acceleration, agility, lower extremity power and speed tasks. Design A 2 (non-Braced and Braced conditions) × 5 (testing sessions) repeated-measures design. Methods 27 healthy male athletes were provided a custom fitted FKB. Each subject performed acceleration, agility, leg power and speed tests over 6 days; five non-Braced testing sessions over 3 days followed by five Braced testing sessions also over 3 days. Each subject performed two testing sessions (3.5 h per session) each day. Performance levels for each test were recorded during each non-Braced and Braced trial. Repeated measures analysis of variance, with a post hoc Tukey9s test for any test found to be significant, were used to determine if accommodation to FKB was possible in healthy Braced subjects. Results Initial performance levels were lower for Braced than non-Braced for all tests (acceleration p=0.106; agility p=0.520; leg power p=0.001 and speed p=0.001). However, after using the FKB for approximately 14.0 h, no significant performance differences were noted between the two testing conditions (acceleration non-Braced, 0.53±0.04 s; Braced, 0.53±0.04 s, p=0.163, agility non-Braced, 9.80±0.74 s; Braced, 9.80±0.85 s, p=0.151, lower extremity power non-Braced, 58±7.4 cm; Braced, 57±8.1 cm, p=0.163 and speed non-Braced, 1.86±0.11 s; Braced, 1.89±0.11 s, p=0.460). Conclusions An initial decrement in performance levels was recorded when a FKB is used during an alactic performance task. After 12.0–14.0 h of FKB use, performance measures were similar between the two testing conditions.
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Functional Knee Brace use by non-injured subjects while performing an anaerobic capacity task: preliminary study.
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2010Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Aim. The objective of this paper was to investigate if performance was hindered in non-injured Braced athletes during an anaerobic task. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a Knee Brace occur and thus decreasing performance hindrance concern while using a Functional Knee Brace (FKB). Methods. A 2x3 non-Braced (NBr) and Braced repeated measure factorial design. Five healthy athletes completed all testing. Subjects performed the Repeated High Intensity Shuttle Test (RHIST) over six days (three days NBr and three days Braced). Running times were recorded each testing day to determine performance measures and percent fatigue levels while using a FKB and if accommodation to FKB use was possible. Results. Non significant (F 1,4 =1.42, P=0.299) faster group mean performance time, was recorded for Braced subjects relative to the non-Braced condition. Although relatively faster performance levels were noted during the Braced testing conditions during days 1 and 3 compared to the non-Braced condition, these results were also not significant (F 2,8 =2.82, P=0.118). Lower percent fatigue level was recorded during all three Braced days compared to non-Braced days. Further, a tendency for accommodation to Knee Brace trend use was noted as the percentage performance difference between the two conditions had decreased by the last day of testing. Conclusion. Use of a Knee Brace did not hinder performance once accommodation to using the Knee Brace occurred and fatigue was not a factor while using a Knee Brace. Additional research, using a larger sample size and longer testing duration, is required to confirm the potential accommodation trend.
Jack E. Taunton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional Knee Brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2012Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, Robert Lloyd-smith, William Regan, Brian Niven, Robert WoollardAbstract:Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing Functional Knee Braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-Braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects. Methods Twenty-three healthy male provincial and national basketball and field hockey athletes (age, 19.4 ± 3.0 years) were tested. Each subject was provided with a custom-fitted FKB. Five NBR testing sessions were performed over 3 days followed by five BR testing sessions also over 3 days, for a total of 17.5 h of testing per condition. Each subject performed eight trials of the drop jump task during each testing session per condition. Single-leg peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and the time to PVGRF were recorded for each NBR and BR trail. Results The BR group mean PVGRF at landing was significantly lower (1,628 ± 405 N, 2.1 ± 0.5 BW versus 1,715 ± 403 N, 2.2 ± 0.5 BW, F _1,22 = 6.83, P = 0.01) compared with NBR subjects, respectively. The group mean time to PVGRF was not statistically longer during the BR condition ( F _1,22 = 0.967, P = 0.3). Further, an accommodation trend was noted as percent performance difference decreased with continued FKB use. Conclusions The significantly lower group mean PVGRF while using a FKB could keep traumatic forces from reaching the ACL until the active neuromuscular restraints are activated to provide protection to the Knee joint ligaments. Also, accommodation to FKB is possible after approximately 14.0 h of Brace use. The results of this paper will assist clinicians in providing information to their patients regarding a FKB ability to offer protection to an ACL-deficient Knee or to address concerns about early muscle fatigue, energy expenditure, heart rate, and decrease in performance level. Level of evidence Prospective study, Level I.
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Functional Knee Brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2012Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing Functional Knee Braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-Braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects.
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Performance of healthy Braced participants during aerobic and anaerobic capacity tasks.
Journal of Athletic Training, 2011Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Context: Knee Braces were introduced in sports approximately 30 years ago. However, the effects of a Functional Knee Brace (FKB) on aerobic and anaerobic performance after fatigue are unknown. Obje...
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Effect of Functional Knee Brace use on acceleration, agility, leg power and speed performance in healthy athletes
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Objectives To investigate performance levels and accommodation period to Functional Knee Brace (FKB) use in non-injured Braced subjects while completing acceleration, agility, lower extremity power and speed tasks. Design A 2 (non-Braced and Braced conditions) × 5 (testing sessions) repeated-measures design. Methods 27 healthy male athletes were provided a custom fitted FKB. Each subject performed acceleration, agility, leg power and speed tests over 6 days; five non-Braced testing sessions over 3 days followed by five Braced testing sessions also over 3 days. Each subject performed two testing sessions (3.5 h per session) each day. Performance levels for each test were recorded during each non-Braced and Braced trial. Repeated measures analysis of variance, with a post hoc Tukey9s test for any test found to be significant, were used to determine if accommodation to FKB was possible in healthy Braced subjects. Results Initial performance levels were lower for Braced than non-Braced for all tests (acceleration p=0.106; agility p=0.520; leg power p=0.001 and speed p=0.001). However, after using the FKB for approximately 14.0 h, no significant performance differences were noted between the two testing conditions (acceleration non-Braced, 0.53±0.04 s; Braced, 0.53±0.04 s, p=0.163, agility non-Braced, 9.80±0.74 s; Braced, 9.80±0.85 s, p=0.151, lower extremity power non-Braced, 58±7.4 cm; Braced, 57±8.1 cm, p=0.163 and speed non-Braced, 1.86±0.11 s; Braced, 1.89±0.11 s, p=0.460). Conclusions An initial decrement in performance levels was recorded when a FKB is used during an alactic performance task. After 12.0–14.0 h of FKB use, performance measures were similar between the two testing conditions.
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Functional Knee Brace use by non-injured subjects while performing an anaerobic capacity task: preliminary study.
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2010Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, R. Lloyd-smith, Brian E. Niven, William D. Regan, Robert WoollardAbstract:Aim. The objective of this paper was to investigate if performance was hindered in non-injured Braced athletes during an anaerobic task. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a Knee Brace occur and thus decreasing performance hindrance concern while using a Functional Knee Brace (FKB). Methods. A 2x3 non-Braced (NBr) and Braced repeated measure factorial design. Five healthy athletes completed all testing. Subjects performed the Repeated High Intensity Shuttle Test (RHIST) over six days (three days NBr and three days Braced). Running times were recorded each testing day to determine performance measures and percent fatigue levels while using a FKB and if accommodation to FKB use was possible. Results. Non significant (F 1,4 =1.42, P=0.299) faster group mean performance time, was recorded for Braced subjects relative to the non-Braced condition. Although relatively faster performance levels were noted during the Braced testing conditions during days 1 and 3 compared to the non-Braced condition, these results were also not significant (F 2,8 =2.82, P=0.118). Lower percent fatigue level was recorded during all three Braced days compared to non-Braced days. Further, a tendency for accommodation to Knee Brace trend use was noted as the percentage performance difference between the two conditions had decreased by the last day of testing. Conclusion. Use of a Knee Brace did not hinder performance once accommodation to using the Knee Brace occurred and fatigue was not a factor while using a Knee Brace. Additional research, using a larger sample size and longer testing duration, is required to confirm the potential accommodation trend.
Mario Lamontagne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE EFFECT OF Functional Knee Brace MIGRATION ON THE Knee JOINT MOMENT AND POWER PATTERNS DURING WALKING
2016Co-Authors: Jonathan Singer, Mario LamontagneAbstract:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the differences in joint moment and power patterns during walking with and without a Functional Knee Brace and when the Brace was deliberately misaligned with the Knee axis of rotation. Five participants were asked to walk over a force platform with and without the Brace as well as during a condition where the axis of rotation of the Brace had been deliberately shifted 1 cm down the leg. Inverse dynamics were used to calculate changes in joint moments and powers at the Knee joint. Initial findings indicate that the extensor moment during push-off and ils corresponding eccentric power were greatest in the Braced and misaligned Brace conditions, though the differences in peak joint moments and powers between these two conditions was not large enough to implicate Brace migration as an injury mechanism. KEY WORDS: Knee Brace, inverse dynamics, locomotion, walking. INTRODUCTION: Since the 1960s, there has been a deluge of Functional Knee Brace designs appearing on the market in order to resolve the problem of Knee instability and ACL insufficiency in the athletically active population. Despite the fact that Functional Knee Braces have been commonly believed to positively affect the performance of individuals with Knee instability, ther
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PRESSURE MEASUREMENT BETWEEN A Functional Knee Brace AND THE LEG
2016Co-Authors: Mario LamontagneAbstract:INTRODUCTION: When Functional Knee Brace is applied on the leg, the kinematics and kinetics of the Knee may be changed due to the relative motion of the Brace to the leg and by external compression induced by the straps of the Knee Brace (DeVita, Lassiter, Hortobagyi, & Torry, 1998; Styf, Nakhostine, & Gershuni, 1992). If the Brace moves during dynamic movement, the alignment of both centers of rotation of the Knee and Brace might induc
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THREE DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS AND LOWER LIMB EMG OF ACL DEFICIENT Knee JOINT WEARING A Functional Knee Brace DURING RUNNING
2016Co-Authors: Thierry Larose Chevalierl, Daniel Theoret, Mario LamontagneAbstract:Knee Braces have been found to provide limited stability to the ACL deficient (ACLD) Knee in situations where the,Knee is loaded during sporting movements. Variability of the gait cycle of the injured Knee during strenuous activity with and without a Functional Knee Brace can be expected. Three dimensional (3D) kinematic and electromyography (EMG) data were collected for ten consecutive gait cycles from each participant after running 6 min on a treadmill under both Braced and unBraced conditions. Bracing significantly reduced the abduction angle throughout the gait cycle however without reducing the total range of motion (p < 0.05). The Functional Knee Brace showed a consistent trend of setting the ACLD Knee in an external rotation position, thus avoiding internal rotation. Our findings supported the mechanical contributions of the Brace in limiting abduction and suppressing internal rotation for ACLD Knee during strenuous activities. KEY WORDS: ACL, Brace, electromyography, kinematics, running INTRODUCTION: Functional Knee Braces are often used in rehabilitation treatment to compensate for deficiencies or to return to sport competition faster. One may find it to be helpful although their efficiency has been questioned. In 2004, Genty and Jardin reviewe
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EFFECT OF Functional Knee Brace MIGRATION ON THE Knee JOINT MOMENT AND POWER PATTERNS DURING WALKING
2015Co-Authors: Jonathan Singer, Mario LamontagneAbstract:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the differences in joint moment and power patterns during walking with and without a Functional Knee Brace and when the Brace was deliberately misaligned with the Knee axis of rotation. Five participants were asked to walk over a force platform with and without the Brace as well as during a condition where the axis of rotation of the Brace had been deliberately shifted 1 cm down the leg. Inverse dynamics were used to calculate changes in joint moments and powers at the Knee joint. Initial findings indicate that the extensor moment during push-off and its corresponding eccentric power were greatest in the Braced and misaligned Brace conditions, though the differences in peak joint moments and powers between these two conditions was not large enough to implicate Brace migration as an injury mechanism
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THE EFFECT OF Functional Knee Brace MIGRATION ON THE Knee JOINT MOMENT AND POWER PATTERNS DURING WALKING
2008Co-Authors: Jonathan C. Singer, Mario LamontagneAbstract:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the differences in joint moment and power patterns during walking with and without a Functional Knee Brace and when the Brace was deliberately misaligned with the Knee axis of rotation. Five participants were asked to walk over a force platform with and without the Brace as well as during a condition where the axis of rotation of the Brace had been deliberately shifted 1 cm down the leg. Inverse dynamics were used to calculate changes in joint moments and powers at the Knee joint. Initial findings indicate that the extensor moment during push-off and ils corresponding eccentric power were greatest in the Braced and misaligned Brace conditions, though the differences in peak joint moments and powers between these two conditions was not large enough to implicate Brace migration as an injury mechanism.
Robert Lloyd-smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional Knee Brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2012Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, Robert Lloyd-smith, William Regan, Brian Niven, Robert WoollardAbstract:Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing Functional Knee Braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-Braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects. Methods Twenty-three healthy male provincial and national basketball and field hockey athletes (age, 19.4 ± 3.0 years) were tested. Each subject was provided with a custom-fitted FKB. Five NBR testing sessions were performed over 3 days followed by five BR testing sessions also over 3 days, for a total of 17.5 h of testing per condition. Each subject performed eight trials of the drop jump task during each testing session per condition. Single-leg peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and the time to PVGRF were recorded for each NBR and BR trail. Results The BR group mean PVGRF at landing was significantly lower (1,628 ± 405 N, 2.1 ± 0.5 BW versus 1,715 ± 403 N, 2.2 ± 0.5 BW, F _1,22 = 6.83, P = 0.01) compared with NBR subjects, respectively. The group mean time to PVGRF was not statistically longer during the BR condition ( F _1,22 = 0.967, P = 0.3). Further, an accommodation trend was noted as percent performance difference decreased with continued FKB use. Conclusions The significantly lower group mean PVGRF while using a FKB could keep traumatic forces from reaching the ACL until the active neuromuscular restraints are activated to provide protection to the Knee joint ligaments. Also, accommodation to FKB is possible after approximately 14.0 h of Brace use. The results of this paper will assist clinicians in providing information to their patients regarding a FKB ability to offer protection to an ACL-deficient Knee or to address concerns about early muscle fatigue, energy expenditure, heart rate, and decrease in performance level. Level of evidence Prospective study, Level I.
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The Potential Role of Prophylactic/ Functional Knee Bracing in Preventing Knee Ligament Injury
Sports Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Neetu Rishiraj, Jack E. Taunton, Robert Woollard, Robert Lloyd-smith, William Regan, D. B. ClementAbstract:It is estimated that Knee injuries account for up to 60% of all sport injuries, with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) accounting for almost half of these Knee injuries. These Knee injuries can result in high healthcare costs, as an ACL injury is often associated with surgery, long and costly rehabilitation, differing degrees of impairment and potential long-term consequences such as osteoarthritis. The interest in ACL injury prevention has been extensive for the past decade. Over this period, many ACL (intrinsic and extrinsic) injury risk factors have been identified and investigated by numerous researchers. Although prevention programmes have shown potential in decreasing Knee ligament injuries, several researchers have suggested that no conclusive evidence has been presented in reducing the rate and/or severity of ACL injuries during sporting competition. Knee Braces have been available for the last 30 years and have been used to assist individuals with ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed Knees. However, research is limited on the use of Knee Braces (prophylactic and Functional) to potentially prevent Knee ligament injury in the non-injured population. One possible explanation for the limited research could be that the use of these devices has raised concerns of decreased or impaired athletic performance. In summary, the review of subjective and some objective publications suggests that a Functional Knee Brace may offer stability to an ACL-deficient Knee joint; however, research is limited on the use of a Knee Brace for prophylactic use in non-injured athletes. The limited research could be a result of fear of performance hindrance that has led to poor Knee Brace compliance.
