The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jean-claude Petit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Why do we need Fundamental Research
European Review, 2004Co-Authors: Jean-claude PetitAbstract:Research is considered as a major component of innovation and a key to the development of modern societies. However, Fundamental Research, which essentially aims at improving our understanding of Nature, is often questioned about its specific role. In this paper, arguments of ‘general interests’ in support of Fundamental Research are presented to contribute to the science-policy debate. Beyond a notable return on investment, now acknowledged by most economists, a number of positive societal impacts of Fundamental Research can be underlined. Fundamental Research helps society as a whole, as well as individual firms, to keep options, possible scenarios and choices open (e.g. in relation with sustainable development), to maintain a good capability for top-level scientific expertise, to develop conditions favourable to scientific and technological breakthroughs, to ensure training at the highest possible level and also to guarantee access to, and free circulation of, the most valuable information. Finally, Fundamental Research may contribute to a better structural link between science and society.
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A specific standard for quality in Fundamental Research
Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 2000Co-Authors: Jean-claude Petit, A. MuretAbstract:The specific standard described here constitutes the heart of the quality system set up by the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique – French Atomic Energy Commission – for its main "Fundamental Research" entity, the Directorate for the Sciences of Matter. It is a coherent standard (set of shared rules and provisions laid out in a clear fashion) designed, in the first instance, to provide those taking part in Research, including the hierarchy, with the means to satisfy their requirements in the field of quality. And, secondly, to create the conditions for recognition of this action by third parties, which all Research entities must nowadays convince of their trustworthiness (supervisory ministries, Research partners, industrial companies, etc.). This standard places particular emphasis on the preponderant roles of initiative and freedom in Fundamental Research, which are a prerequisite for creativity, innovation and, last but not least, the motivation of personnel.
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The quality approach and Fundamental Research: Working towards a constructive alliance (Part I)
Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 1999Co-Authors: Jean-claude PetitAbstract:The quality approach is being progressively used in scientific Research and is likely to become a key point in the future. This article critically examines the applicability of the quality approach to Fundamental Research. A critical survey of the basic concepts of the quality approach is proposed (conformity to a reference, satisfaction of requirements and/or adaptation to use, planning and formalization). The need for quality in Fundamental Research is then discussed through a review of the scientific, economic and financial, human, social and environmental issues that Research will face in the future. An attempt is made to demonstrate that the quality approach incorporates concerns and current practices of the scientific community which are not normally identified and labelled as pertaining to the field of Quality.
Donald S Siegel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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universities and Fundamental Research reflections on the growth of university industry partnerships
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2002Co-Authors: Joanna Poyagotheotoky, John Beath, Donald S SiegelAbstract:The recent rise in university-industry partnerships has stimulated an important public policy debate regarding how these relationships affect Fundamental Research. In this paper, we examine the antecedents and consequences of policies to promote university-industry alliances. Although the preliminary evidence appears to suggest that these partnerships have not had a deleterious effect on the quantity and quality of basic Research, some legitimate concerns have been raised about these activities that require additional analysis. We conclude that additional Research is needed to provide a more accurate assessment of the optimal level of commercialisation.
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Universities and Fundamental Research: Reflections on the Growth of University–Industry Partnerships
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2002Co-Authors: Joanna Poyago-theotoky, John Beath, Donald S SiegelAbstract:The recent rise in university-industry partnerships has stimulated an important public policy debate regarding how these relationships affect Fundamental Research. In this paper, we examine the antecedents and consequences of policies to promote university-industry alliances. Although the preliminary evidence appears to suggest that these partnerships have not had a deleterious effect on the quantity and quality of basic Research, some legitimate concerns have been raised about these activities that require additional analysis. We conclude that additional Research is needed to provide a more accurate assessment of the optimal level of commercialisation.
Alain Vanderplasschen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3: an interesting virus for applied and Fundamental Research
Veterinary Research, 2013Co-Authors: Krzysztof Rakus, Ping Ouyang, Maxime Boutier, Maygane Ronsmans, Anca Reschner, Catherine Vancsok, Joanna Jazowiecka-rakus, Alain VanderplasschenAbstract:Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), a member of the family Alloherpesviridae is the causative agent of a lethal, highly contagious and notifiable disease in common and koi carp. The economic importance of common and koi carp industries together with the rapid spread of CyHV-3 worldwide, explain why this virus became soon after its isolation in the 1990s a subject of applied Research. In addition to its economic importance, an increasing number of Fundamental studies demonstrated that CyHV-3 is an original and interesting subject for Fundamental Research. In this review, we summarized recent advances in CyHV-3 Research with a special interest for studies related to host-virus interactions.
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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3: An interesting virus for applied and Fundamental Research
Bulletin De L Academie Veterinaire De France, 2011Co-Authors: Guillaume Fournier, Alain VanderplasschenAbstract:The koi herpesvirus recently designated cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is an emerging agent that causes fatal disease in common and koi carp. Since its emergence in the late 1990s, this highly contagious pathogen has caused severe financial losses in koi and common carp culture industries worldwide. In addition to its economical importance, recent studies demonstrate that CyHV-3 is an interesting topic for Fundamental Research: for example CyHV-3 encodes the largest genome amongst the order Herpesvirales, and serves as an extreme model for mutagenesis of large DNA viruses. Studies of the CyHV-3 portal of entry in carp suggest that the skin of teleost fish represents an efficient portal of entry for viruses. They also highlight the role of fish epidermal mucus as an innate immune barrier against pathogen entry. In this manuscript, we summarize these advances in CyHV-3 Fundamental Research.
Xavier Cordobes Adrohe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells technology applications and needs on Fundamental Research
Applied Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Yu Wang, Ke S Che, Jeffrey Mishle, Sung Cha Cho, Xavier Cordobes AdroheAbstract:Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy stored in hydrogen fuel directly and efficiently to electrical energy with water as the only byproduct, have the potential to reduce our energy use, pollutant emissions, and dependence on fossil fuels. Great deal of efforts has been made in the past, particularly during the last couple of decades or so, to advance the PEM fuel cell technology and Fundamental Research. Factors such as durability and cost still remain as the major barriers to fuel cell commercialization. In the past two years, more than 35% cost reduction has been achieved in fuel cell fabrication, the current status of $61/kW (2009) for transportation fuel cell is still over 50% higher than the target of the US Department of Energy (DOE), i.e. $30/kW by 2015, in order to compete with the conventional technology of internal-combustion engines. In addition, a lifetime of ~2500Â h (for transportation PEM fuel cells) was achieved in 2009, yet still needs to be doubled to meet the DOE's target, i.e. 5000Â h. Breakthroughs are urgently needed to overcome these barriers. In this regard, Fundamental studies play an important and indeed critical role. Issues such as water and heat management, and new material development remain the focus of fuel-cell performance improvement and cost reduction. Previous reviews mostly focus on one aspect, either a specific fuel cell application or a particular area of fuel cell Research. The objective of this review is three folds: (1) to present the latest status of PEM fuel cell technology development and applications in the transportation, stationary, and portable/micro power generation sectors through an overview of the state-of-the-art and most recent technical progress; (2) to describe the need for Fundamental Research in this field and fill the gap of addressing the role of Fundamental Research in fuel cell technology; and (3) to outline major challenges in fuel cell technology development and the needs for Fundamental Research for the near future and prior to fuel cell commercialization.
R. M. Nijman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progress of Fundamental Research in Wilms' tumor
Urological Research, 1997Co-Authors: J. G. Wen, G. J. Steenbrugge, R. M. Egeler, R. M. NijmanAbstract:The progress of Fundamental Research on the histopathological and molecular genetic properties, model systems, growth factor involvement, and tumor markers of clinical nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) are reviewed. Histologically, Wilms' tumor (WT) has been found to reveal a disorganized renal developmental process in which blastema and epithelia are randomly interspersed in varying amounts of stroma. Anaplasia is the only criterion for assigning a WT as having an “unfavorable histology.” Cytogenetic analysis identified WT genes at chromosome 11p13 (WTI), 11p15 region (WT2), and 16q (WT3). Permanent in vitro WT cell lines and in vivo WT models, such as human xenografts, have been established which provide indefinite sources of tumor material for Fundamental, as well as therapy-directed, Research. Abnormalities of growth factor (GF) expression in WT indicate that GF may play an important role in WT pathogenesis. A series of monoclonal antibodies was tested in WT by immunohistochemical techniques to identify specific diagnostic and prognostic markers. p53 expression in anaplastic WT is significantly higher than in differentiated WTs, indicating p53 may be a prognostic marker. Although significant progress has been made in the Fundamental Research, our basic knowledge of this malignancy is still limited. The availability of suitable experimental models, particularly the human xenograft system, offers the opportunity for further study of the cell biological and molecular aspects of WT and its clinical progression.
