The Experts below are selected from a list of 15750 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yehoshua Gitay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Jewish Fundamentalism today : defining Fundamentalism and religious conservatism in South Africa
2020Co-Authors: Yehoshua GitayAbstract:This paper asks the question : what is the meaning of Jewish Fundamentalism today? It tells the story of Jewish Fundamentalism as an exceptional phenomenon in current Jewish history which revolves around the matter of the Biblical idea of the Promised Land and it presents the matter of the Promised Land as a complex theological issue which splits Judaism when Fundamentalism is the dominant force. We are talking therefore about a peculiar Jewish Religious movement that strangely enough contradicts Orthodox Judaism; an unusual situation that requires elaboration. Furthermore, this paper makes a distinction between Orthodox Judaism and Fundamentalism. The paper claims that Jewish Fundamentalism contrasts the Jewish State, opposes its law, and actually maintains its autonomy as a powerful political force that is ready to reject the State's law regarding the issue of the Land.
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JEWISH Fundamentalism TODAY
Scriptura, 2013Co-Authors: Yehoshua GitayAbstract:This paper asks the question: what is the meaning of Jewish Fundamentalism today? It tells the story of Jewish Fundamentalism as an exceptional phenomenon in current Jewish history which revolves around the matter of the Biblical idea of the Promised Land and it presents the matter of the Promised Land as a complex theological issue which splits Judaism when Fundamentalism is the dominant force. We are talking therefore about a peculiar Jewish Religious movement that strangely enough contradicts Orthodox Judaism; an unusual situation that requires elaboration. Furthermore, this paper makes a distinction between Orthodox Judaism and Fundamentalism. The paper claims that Jewish Fundamentalism contrasts the Jewish State, opposes its law, and actually maintains its autonomy as a powerful political force that is ready to reject the State’s law regarding the issue of the Land.
Mark J Brandt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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people both high and low on religious Fundamentalism are prejudiced toward dissimilar groups
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Mark J Brandt, Daryl R Van TongerenAbstract:[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 112(1) of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (see record 2016-61714-004). In the article, the sample size of N = 5,806 in the abstract is incorrect. The correct sample size is N = 6,047.] Research linking religion to prejudice suggests that highly religious individuals, and religious fundamentalists specifically, may be especially susceptible to expressing prejudice toward dissimilar others, whereas people who are less religious and fundamentalist do not show the same effect. The selective prejudice hypothesis predicts that this pattern of results occurs because the cognitive and motivational styles or particular values associated with Fundamentalism exacerbate prejudice. In 3 studies, using 4 data sets (N = 5,806), we test this selective prejudice hypothesis against the religious values conflict hypothesis, which predicts that both people with high and low levels of Fundamentalism will be prejudiced toward those with dissimilar beliefs to protect the validity and vitality of people’s belief systems. Consistent with the religious values conflict hypothesis, we found that people both high and low in Fundamentalism were prejudiced toward dissimilar others (Study 1) and these differences were primarily due to differences in the content of religious belief rather than the style of belief (Study 2). In Study 3, we expanded these findings to additional measures of prejudice, found that multiple measures of threat were potential mediators, and explored the possibility of an integrative perspective. In total, these results suggest that people with both relatively high and low levels of Fundamentalism are susceptible to prejudice and in some cases the size of this religious intergroup bias may be higher among people with high levels of Fundamentalism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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to love or hate thy neighbor the role of authoritarianism and traditionalism in explaining the link between Fundamentalism and racial prejudice
Political Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Mark J Brandt, Christine ReynaAbstract:Fundamentalism is consistently related to racial prejudice (Hall, Matz, & Wood, 2010), yet the mechanisms for this relationship are unclear. We identify two core values of Fundamentalism, authoritarianism and traditionalism, that independently contribute to the Fundamentalism-racial prejudice relationship. We also contextualize the Fundamentalism-racial prejudice relationship by suggesting that fundamentalists may show prejudice based on conceptions of African Americans as violating values but show tolerance when prejudice is less justifiable. These ideas are tested and confirmed using three data sets from the American National Election Studies. Across all three samples, Fundamentalism is related to increases in symbolic racism but decreases in negative affect towards African Americans, and these relationships are mediated by both authoritarianism and traditionalism.
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the role of prejudice and the need for closure in religious Fundamentalism
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Mark J Brandt, Christine ReynaAbstract:Religious Fundamentalism has been consistently linked to prejudice toward a variety of outgroups. This article proposes that this is partially the case because fundamentalist ideology provides a sense of consistency and closure. Outgroups that challenge the epistemic certainty that Fundamentalism provides are rejected in an effort to protect this certainty. Results from two studies, including one using a nationally representative sample, found that the need for closure was related to Fundamentalism and partially mediated the relationship between Fundamentalism and the derogation of lesbians and gays (Study 1) and value violators in general (Study 2). Furthermore, in Study 2, it was found that only some aspects of the need for closure explain the Fundamentalism—prejudice relationship. Results are discussed in relation to past need for closure and ideology research as well as what this means for the study of Fundamentalism.
David Chidester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Religious Fundamentalism in South Africa : Defining Fundamentalism and religious conservatism in South Africa
2020Co-Authors: David ChidesterAbstract:Against the background of defining, theorizing, humanizing, nationalizing, and globalizing religion in South Africa, this essay recalls the diverse ways in which religious Fundamentalism has registered in South Africa as an 'inauthentic' claim on religious authenticity. Tracking academic and media attention to religious Fundamentalism at ten-year intervals, we find Christian Fundamentalism appearing during the 1970s as contrary to the apartheid state, during the 1980s as legitimating the apartheid state, and during the 1990s as resisting the new democratic dispensation. By the 1990s, however, attention to religious Fundamentalism, locally and globally, shifted to focus on varieties of politicized Islam. As this brief historical review suggests, the term, 'Fundamentalism,' whether applied to Jesus People in Johannesburg during the 1970s or People Against Gangsterism and Drugs during the 1990s, has been a recurring but shifting sign of a crisis of authenticity. In conclusion, South African perspectives on religion, the state, and authenticity can be drawn into analyzing the current crisis of Fundamentalism in our rapidly globalizing and increasingly polarized world.
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RELIGIOUS Fundamentalism IN SOUTH AFRICA
Scriptura, 2013Co-Authors: David ChidesterAbstract:Against the background of defining, theorizing, humanizing, nationalizing, and globalizing religion in South Africa, this essay recalls the diverse ways in which religious Fundamentalism has registered in South Africa as an ‘inauthentic’ claim on religious authenticity. Tracking academic and media attention to religious Fundamentalism at ten-year intervals, we find Christian Fundamentalism appearing during the 1970s as contrary to the apartheid state, during the 1980s as legitimating the apartheid state, and during the 1990s as resisting the new democratic dispensation. By the 1990s, however, attention to religious Fundamentalism, locally and globally, shifted to focus on varieties of politicized Islam. As this brief historical review suggests, the term, ‘Fundamentalism,’ whether applied to Jesus People in Johannesburg during the 1970s or People Against Gangsterism and Drugs during the 1990s, has been a recurring but shifting sign of a crisis of authenticity. In conclusion, South African perspectives on religion, the state, and authenticity can be drawn into analyzing the current crisis of Fundamentalism in our rapidly globalizing and increasingly polarized world.
Todd Sandler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an evolutionary game approach to Fundamentalism and conflict
Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 2003Co-Authors: G Daniel M Arce, Todd SandlerAbstract:This paper investigates the evolutionary equilibria of a clash of cultures game where conflict results from failures to share social power in individual pairings. Members of a general subpopulation are matched with those of a fundamentalist subpopulation, the latter being more cohesive and insistent that their identity traits define the norms for, and outcomes of, social, economic, and political interaction. Simulations of the evolutionary dynamics reveal a tradeoff between the intolerance of Fundamentalism and the likelihood of a takeover. This tradeoff is reversed if Fundamentalism is falsifiable: affording non-fundamentalists the ability to signal fundamentalist traits produces a bandwagon effect.
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an evolutionary game approach to Fundamentalism and conflict
Abstracts of the Fifth Spanish Meeting on Game Theory and Applications 2002 ISBN 84-472-0733-1 pág. 23, 2002Co-Authors: G Daniel M Arce, Todd SandlerAbstract:This paper investigates the evolutionary equilibria of a clash of cultures game where conflict results from failures to share social power in individual pairings. The model is based on a adaptation of Skyrm�s [1996] analysis of the evolution of social justice within the ultimatum game. Members of a general population are matched with those of a fundamentalist population, the latter being more cohesive and insistent that its identity traits define the norms for, and outcomes of, social, economic, and political interaction. The underlying replicator dynamics are found to be a function of in the initial extent of moderate behavior within the general population, and the level of cohesion and intolerance within the fundamentalist population. Simulations of the replicator dynamics reveal a tradeoff between the intolerance of Fundamentalism and the likelihood of a takeover. This tradeoff is reversed if Fundamentalism is falsifiable: affording non-fundamentalists the ability to signal fundamentalist traits produces a bandwagon effect.
Christine Reyna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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to love or hate thy neighbor the role of authoritarianism and traditionalism in explaining the link between Fundamentalism and racial prejudice
Political Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Mark J Brandt, Christine ReynaAbstract:Fundamentalism is consistently related to racial prejudice (Hall, Matz, & Wood, 2010), yet the mechanisms for this relationship are unclear. We identify two core values of Fundamentalism, authoritarianism and traditionalism, that independently contribute to the Fundamentalism-racial prejudice relationship. We also contextualize the Fundamentalism-racial prejudice relationship by suggesting that fundamentalists may show prejudice based on conceptions of African Americans as violating values but show tolerance when prejudice is less justifiable. These ideas are tested and confirmed using three data sets from the American National Election Studies. Across all three samples, Fundamentalism is related to increases in symbolic racism but decreases in negative affect towards African Americans, and these relationships are mediated by both authoritarianism and traditionalism.
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the role of prejudice and the need for closure in religious Fundamentalism
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Mark J Brandt, Christine ReynaAbstract:Religious Fundamentalism has been consistently linked to prejudice toward a variety of outgroups. This article proposes that this is partially the case because fundamentalist ideology provides a sense of consistency and closure. Outgroups that challenge the epistemic certainty that Fundamentalism provides are rejected in an effort to protect this certainty. Results from two studies, including one using a nationally representative sample, found that the need for closure was related to Fundamentalism and partially mediated the relationship between Fundamentalism and the derogation of lesbians and gays (Study 1) and value violators in general (Study 2). Furthermore, in Study 2, it was found that only some aspects of the need for closure explain the Fundamentalism—prejudice relationship. Results are discussed in relation to past need for closure and ideology research as well as what this means for the study of Fundamentalism.
