The Experts below are selected from a list of 10476 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hanming Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing for Racial Prejudice in the parole board release process theory and evidence
The Journal of Legal Studies, 2015Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We develop a model of a Parole Board contemplating whether to grant parole release to a prisoner who has nished serving their minimum sentence. The model implies a simple outcome test for Racial Prejudice which is based on the released inmate’s rate of recidivism and is robust to the inframarginality problem. Our model has several testable implications which we show empirical support for. Applying our test to data on all prison releases in Pennsylvania between 1999-2003 we nd no evidence of Racial Prejudice.
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testing for Racial Prejudice in the parole board release process theory and evidence
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We develop a model of a Parole Board contemplating whether to grant parole release to a prisoner who has finished serving their minimum sentence. The model implies a simple outcome test for Racial Prejudice robust to the inframarginality problem. Our test involves running simple regressions of whether a prisoner recidivates on the exposure time to the risk of recidivism and its square, using only the sample of prisoners who are granted parole release strictly between their minimum and maximum sentences and separately by race. If the coefficient estimates on the exposure time term differ by race, then there is evidence of Racial Prejudice against the Racial group with the smaller coefficient estimate. We implement our test for Prejudice using data from Pennsylvania from January 1996 to December 31, 2001. Although we find Racial differences in time served, we find no evidence for Racial Prejudice on the part of the Parole Board based on our outcome test.
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an alternative test of Racial Prejudice in motor vehicle searches theory and evidence
The American Economic Review, 2006Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We propose a simple model of trooper behavior to design empirical tests for whether troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, and whether they exhibit relative Racial Prejudice in motor vehicle searches. Our test of relative Racial Prejudice provides a partial solution to the well-known infra-marginality and omitted variables problems associated with outcome tests. When applied to a unique data set from Florida, our tests soundly reject the hypothesis that troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, but fail to reject the hypothesis that troopers of different races do not exhibit relative Racial Prejudice.
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an alternative test of Racial Prejudice in motor vehicle searches theory and evidence
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We exploit a simple but realistic model of trooper behavior to design empirical tests that address the following two questions. Are police monolithic in their search behavior? Is Racial profiling in motor vehicle searches motivated by troopers' desire for effective policing (statistical discrimination) or by their Racial Prejudice (racism)? Our tests require data sets with race information about both the motorists and troopers. When applied to vehicle stop and search data from Florida, our tests can soundly reject the null hypothesis that troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, but fail to reject the null hypothesis that none of the Racial groups of troopers are Racially Prejudiced.
Jung Sakong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identifying taste based discrimination effect of black electoral victories on Racial Prejudice and economic gaps
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Jung SakongAbstract:The Obama presidency intensified discussions of how electing a black leader affected white Americans' attitude toward black Americans. I test for its causal impact using black electoral victories in local elections. Using Race Implicit Attitude Test scores as a measure of Racial Prejudice and close-election regression-discontinuity design for causal inference, I find black electoral victories cause Racial bias to rise, by 4% of the average black-white difference. Simultaneously, they cause larger Racial gaps in unemployment and mortgage denial. Interpreting these close electoral victories as instrumental variables, I find a large causal effect of Prejudice-based Racial discrimination on black-white economic gaps.
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identifying taste based discrimination effect of black electoral victories on Racial Prejudice and economic gaps
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Jung SakongAbstract:I test for the causal impact of Black electoral victories in local elections on White Americans’ attitude toward Black Americans. Using Race Implicit Attitude Test scores as a measure of Racial Prejudice and close-election regression-discontinuity design for causal inference, I find Black electoral victories cause measures of Racial bias to rise, by 4% of the average Black-White difference in IAT scores. Simultaneously, they widen Racial gaps in unemployment and mortgage denials. Interpreting these close electoral victories as instrumental variables, I find a large causal effect of Prejudice-based Racial discrimination on Black-White economic gaps.
Shamena Anwar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing for Racial Prejudice in the parole board release process theory and evidence
The Journal of Legal Studies, 2015Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We develop a model of a Parole Board contemplating whether to grant parole release to a prisoner who has nished serving their minimum sentence. The model implies a simple outcome test for Racial Prejudice which is based on the released inmate’s rate of recidivism and is robust to the inframarginality problem. Our model has several testable implications which we show empirical support for. Applying our test to data on all prison releases in Pennsylvania between 1999-2003 we nd no evidence of Racial Prejudice.
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testing for Racial Prejudice in the parole board release process theory and evidence
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We develop a model of a Parole Board contemplating whether to grant parole release to a prisoner who has finished serving their minimum sentence. The model implies a simple outcome test for Racial Prejudice robust to the inframarginality problem. Our test involves running simple regressions of whether a prisoner recidivates on the exposure time to the risk of recidivism and its square, using only the sample of prisoners who are granted parole release strictly between their minimum and maximum sentences and separately by race. If the coefficient estimates on the exposure time term differ by race, then there is evidence of Racial Prejudice against the Racial group with the smaller coefficient estimate. We implement our test for Prejudice using data from Pennsylvania from January 1996 to December 31, 2001. Although we find Racial differences in time served, we find no evidence for Racial Prejudice on the part of the Parole Board based on our outcome test.
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an alternative test of Racial Prejudice in motor vehicle searches theory and evidence
The American Economic Review, 2006Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We propose a simple model of trooper behavior to design empirical tests for whether troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, and whether they exhibit relative Racial Prejudice in motor vehicle searches. Our test of relative Racial Prejudice provides a partial solution to the well-known infra-marginality and omitted variables problems associated with outcome tests. When applied to a unique data set from Florida, our tests soundly reject the hypothesis that troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, but fail to reject the hypothesis that troopers of different races do not exhibit relative Racial Prejudice.
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an alternative test of Racial Prejudice in motor vehicle searches theory and evidence
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004Co-Authors: Shamena Anwar, Hanming FangAbstract:We exploit a simple but realistic model of trooper behavior to design empirical tests that address the following two questions. Are police monolithic in their search behavior? Is Racial profiling in motor vehicle searches motivated by troopers' desire for effective policing (statistical discrimination) or by their Racial Prejudice (racism)? Our tests require data sets with race information about both the motorists and troopers. When applied to vehicle stop and search data from Florida, our tests can soundly reject the null hypothesis that troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, but fail to reject the null hypothesis that none of the Racial groups of troopers are Racially Prejudiced.
Petra E Todd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Racial bias in motor vehicle searches theory and evidence
Journal of Political Economy, 2001Co-Authors: Joh Knowles, Nicola Persico, Petra E ToddAbstract:Police checking for illegal drugs are much more likely to search the vehicles of African-American motorists than those of white motorists. This paper develops a model of police and motorist behavior that suggests an empirical test for distinguishing whether this disparity is due to Racial Prejudice or to the police's objective to maximize arrests. When applied to vehicle search data from Maryland, our test results are consistent with the hypothesis of no Racial Prejudice against African-American motorists. However, if police have utility only for searches yielding large drug finds, then our analysis would suggest bias against white drivers. The model's prediction regarding nonrace characteristics is also largely supported by the data.
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Racial bias in motor vehicle searches theory and evidence
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999Co-Authors: Joh Knowles, Nicola Persico, Petra E ToddAbstract:African- American motorist in the United States are much more likely than white motorists to have their car searched by police checking for illegal drugs and other contraband. The courts are faced with the task of deciding on the basis of traffic-search data whether police behavior reflects a rackial bias. We discuss why a simple test for Racial bias commonly applied by the courts is inadequate and develop a model of law enforcement that suggests an alternative test. The model assumes a population with two Racial types who also differ along other dimensions relevant to criminal behavior. Using the model, we construct a test for whether Racial disparities in motor vehicle searches reflect Racial Prejudice, or instead are consistent with the behavior of non-Prejudiced police maximizing drug interdiction. The test is valid even when the set of characteristics observed by the police is only partially observable by the econometrician. We apply the test to traffic-search data from Maryland and find the observed black-white disparities in search rates to be consistent with the hypothesis of no Racial Prejudice. Finally, we present a simple analysis of the tradeoff between efficiency of drug interdiction and Racial fairness in policing. We show that in some circumstances there is no trade-off; constraining the police to be color-blind may achieve greater efficiency in drug interdiction.
Helen A Neville - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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color blind Racial ideology theory training and measurement implications in psychology
American Psychologist, 2013Co-Authors: Helen A Neville, Germine H Awad, James E Brooks, Michelle P Flores, Jamie BluemelAbstract:Synthesizing the interdisciplinary literature, we characterize color-blind Racial ideology (CBRI) as consisting of two interrelated domains: color-evasion (i.e., denial of Racial differences by emphasizing sameness) and power-evasion (i.e., denial of racism by emphasizing equal opportunities). Mounting empirical data suggest that the color-evasion dimension is ineffective and in fact promotes interRacial tension and potential inequality. CBRI may be conceived as an ultramodern or contemporary form of racism and a legitimizing ideology used to justify the Racial status quo. Four types of CBRI are described: denial of (a) race, (b) blatant Racial issues, (c) institutional racism, and (d) White privilege. We discuss empirical findings suggesting a relationship between CBRI and increased Racial Prejudice, Racial anger, and Racial fear. Implications for education, training, and research are provided.
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construction and initial validation of the color blind Racial attitudes scale cobras
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2000Co-Authors: Helen A Neville, Roderick L Lilly, Georgia Duran, Lavonne BrowneAbstract:The purpose of this investigation was to develop a conceptually grounded scale to assess cognitive aspects of color-blind Racial attitudes. Five studies on the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS) with over 1,100 observations provide initial reliability and validity data. Specifically, results from an exploratory factor analysis suggest a 3-factor solution: Unawareness of Racial Privilege, Institutional Discrimination, and Blatant Racial Issues. A confirmatory factor analysis suggests that the 3-factor model is a good fit of the data and is the best of the competing models. The CoBRAS was positively related to other indexes of Racial attitudes as well as 2 measures of belief in a just world, indicating that greater endorsement of color-blind Racial attitudes was related to greater levels of Racial Prejudice and a belief that society is just and fair. Self-reported CoBRAS attitudes were sensitive to diversity training.
