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Corby H Kistler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomic analysis of host pathogen interaction between fusarium graminearum and wheat during early stages of disease development
Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Rubella S Goswami, Frances Trail, Karen Hilburn, Corby H KistlerAbstract:Fusarium graminearum strains responsible for causing the plant disease Fusarium head blight vary greatly in their ability to cause disease and produce mycotoxins on wheat. With the goal of understanding Fungal Gene expression related to pathogenicity, three cDNA libraries were created by suppression subtractive hybridization using wheat heads inoculated with a highly aggressive strain and either water or a less aggressive strain of this pathogen. Eighty-four Fungal Genes expressed during initial disease development were identified. The probable functions of 49 of these Genes could be inferred by bioinformatic analysis. Thirty-five ESTs had no known homologues in current databases and were not identified by ab initio Gene prediction methods. These ESTs from infected wheat heads probably represent F. graminearum Genes that previously were not annotated. Four Genes represented in one of these libraries were selected for targeted Gene replacement, leading to the characterization of a two-component response regulator homologue involved in pathogenicity of the fungus. The mutants for this Gene showed reduced sporulation and delayed spread of Fusarium head blight on wheat.
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development of a fusarium graminearum affymetrix Genechip for profiling Fungal Gene expression in vitro and in planta
Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Ulrich Guldener, Kye Yong Seong, Jayanand Boddu, Seungho Cho, Frances Trail, Gerhard Adam, Hanswerner Mewes, Gary J Muehlbauer, Corby H KistlerAbstract:Abstract Recently the genome sequences of several filamentous fungi have become available, providing the opportunity for large-scale functional analysis including genome-wide expression analysis. We report the design and validation of the first Affymetrix GeneChip microarray based on the entire genome of a filamentous fungus, the ascomycetous plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum . To maximize the likelihood of representing all putative Genes (∼14,000) on the array, two distinct sets of automatically predicted Gene calls were used and integrated into the online F. graminearum Genome DataBase. From these Gene sets, a subset of calls was manually annotated and a non-redundant extract of all calls together with additional EST sequences and controls were submitted for GeneChip design. Experiments were conducted to test the performance of the F. graminearum GeneChip. Hybridization experiments using genomic DNA demonstrated the usefulness of the array for experimentation with F. graminearum and at least four additional pathogenic Fusarium species. Differential transcript accumulation was detected using the F. graminearum GeneChip with treatments derived from the fungus grown in culture under three nutritional regimes and in comparison with Fungal growth in infected barley. The ability to detect Fungal Genes in planta is surprisingly sensitive even without efforts to enrich for Fungal transcripts. The Plant Expression Database (PLEXdb, http://www.plexdb.org ) will be used as a public repository for raw and normalized expression data from the F. graminearum GeneChip. The F. graminearum GeneChip will help to accelerate exploration of the pathogen–host pathways that may involve interactions between pathogenicity Genes in the fungus and disease response in the plant.
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development of a fusarium graminearum affymetrix Genechip for profiling Fungal Gene expression in vitro and in planta
Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Ulrich Guldener, Kye Yong Seong, Jayanand Boddu, Seungho Cho, Frances Trail, Gerhard Adam, Hanswerner Mewes, Gary J Muehlbauer, Corby H KistlerAbstract:Recently the genome sequences of several filamentous fungi have become available, providing the opportunity for large-scale functional analysis including genome-wide expression analysis. We report the design and validation of the first Affymetrix GeneChip microarray based on the entire genome of a filamentous fungus, the ascomycetous plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum. To maximize the likelihood of representing all putative Genes (approximately 14,000) on the array, two distinct sets of automatically predicted Gene calls were used and integrated into the online F. graminearum Genome DataBase. From these Gene sets, a subset of calls was manually annotated and a non-redundant extract of all calls together with additional EST sequences and controls were submitted for GeneChip design. Experiments were conducted to test the performance of the F. graminearum GeneChip. Hybridization experiments using genomic DNA demonstrated the usefulness of the array for experimentation with F. graminearum and at least four additional pathogenic Fusarium species. Differential transcript accumulation was detected using the F. graminearum GeneChip with treatments derived from the fungus grown in culture under three nutritional regimes and in comparison with Fungal growth in infected barley. The ability to detect Fungal Genes in planta is surprisingly sensitive even without efforts to enrich for Fungal transcripts. The Plant Expression Database (PLEXdb, http://www.plexdb.org) will be used as a public repository for raw and normalized expression data from the F. graminearum GeneChip. The F. graminearum GeneChip will help to accelerate exploration of the pathogen-host pathways that may involve interactions between pathogenicity Genes in the fungus and disease response in the plant.
Rhyan B Dockter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists
New Phytologist, 2018Co-Authors: Stefania Daghino, Nicolas Cichocki, Ercole Di Martino, Gwenaelle Grelet, Alicia Clum, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Rhyan B DockterAbstract:Author(s): Martino, Elena; Morin, Emmanuelle; Grelet, Gwen-Aelle; Kuo, Alan; Kohler, Annegret; Daghino, Stefania; Barry, Kerrie W; Cichocki, Nicolas; Clum, Alicia; Dockter, Rhyan B; Hainaut, Matthieu; Kuo, Rita C; LaButti, Kurt; Lindahl, Bjorn D; Lindquist, Erika A; Lipzen, Anna; Khouja, Hassine-Radhouane; Magnuson, Jon; Murat, Claude; Ohm, Robin A; Singer, Steven W; Spatafora, Joseph W; Wang, Mei; Veneault-Fourrey, Claire; Henrissat, Bernard; Grigoriev, Igor V; Martin, Francis M; Perotto, Silvia | Abstract: Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their Fungal partners. The characterization of the Fungal Genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover. We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their Gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto- and orchid mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprotrophs, pathogens). We also identified Fungal transcripts induced in symbiosis. The ERM Fungal Gene contents for polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, lipases, proteases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolism are closer to those of saprotrophs and pathogens than to those of ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The Fungal Genes most highly upregulated in symbiosis are those coding for Fungal and plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), lipases, proteases, transporters and mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs). The ERM Fungal Gene repertoire reveals a capacity for a dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle. This may reflect an incomplete transition from saprotrophy to the mycorrhizal habit, or a versatile life strategy similar to Fungal endophytes.
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Comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists
New Phytologist, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Martino, Stefania Daghino, Nicolas Cichocki, Gwenaelle Grelet, Alicia Clum, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Alan Kuo, Rhyan B DockterAbstract:Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their Fungal partners. The characterization of the Fungal Genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover. We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their Gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto‐ and orchid mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprotrophs, pathogens). We also identified Fungal transcripts induced in symbiosis. The ERM Fungal Gene contents for polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes, lipases, proteases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolism are closer to those of saprotrophs and pathogens than to those of ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The Fungal Genes most highly upregulated in symbiosis are those coding for Fungal and plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDEs), lipases, proteases, transporters and mycorrhiza‐induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs). The ERM Fungal Gene repertoire reveals a capacity for a dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle. This may reflect an incomplete transition from saprotrophy to the mycorrhizal habit, or a versatile life strategy similar to Fungal endophytes.
Annegret Kohler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of Plant and Fungal Gene Expression Upon Cd Exposure and Symbiosis in Ericoid Mycorrhizal Vaccinium myrtillus
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Salvatore Casarrubia, Stefania Daghino, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Elena Martino, Hassine-radhouane Khouja, Claude Murat, Erika Lindquist, Francis MartinAbstract:The success of Ericaceae in stressful habitats enriched in heavy metals has been ascribed to the distinctive abilities of their mycorrhizal Fungal partners to withstand heavy metal stress and to enhance metal tolerance in the host plant. Whereas heavy metal tolerance has been extensively investigated in some ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that extend tolerance to the host plant are currently unknown. Here, we show a reduced Cd content in Cd-exposed mycorrhizal roots of Vaccinium myrtillus colonized by a metal tolerant isolate of the fungus Oidiodendron maius as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. To better understand this phenotype, we applied Next Generation Sequencing technologies to analyze Gene expression in V. myrtillus and O. maius Zn grown under normal and Cd-stressed conditions, in the free living and in the mycorrhizal status. The results clearly showed that Cd had a stronger impact on plant Gene expression than symbiosis, whereas Fungal Gene expression was mainly regulated by symbiosis. The higher abundance of transcripts coding for stress related proteins in non-mycorrhizal roots may be related to the higher Cd content. Regulated plant metal transporters have been identified that may play a role in reducing Cd content in mycorrhizal roots exposed to this metal.
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comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists
New Phytologist, 2018Co-Authors: Stefania Daghino, Nicolas Cichocki, Ercole Di Martino, Gwenaelle Grelet, Alicia Clum, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Rhyan B DockterAbstract:Author(s): Martino, Elena; Morin, Emmanuelle; Grelet, Gwen-Aelle; Kuo, Alan; Kohler, Annegret; Daghino, Stefania; Barry, Kerrie W; Cichocki, Nicolas; Clum, Alicia; Dockter, Rhyan B; Hainaut, Matthieu; Kuo, Rita C; LaButti, Kurt; Lindahl, Bjorn D; Lindquist, Erika A; Lipzen, Anna; Khouja, Hassine-Radhouane; Magnuson, Jon; Murat, Claude; Ohm, Robin A; Singer, Steven W; Spatafora, Joseph W; Wang, Mei; Veneault-Fourrey, Claire; Henrissat, Bernard; Grigoriev, Igor V; Martin, Francis M; Perotto, Silvia | Abstract: Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their Fungal partners. The characterization of the Fungal Genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover. We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their Gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto- and orchid mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprotrophs, pathogens). We also identified Fungal transcripts induced in symbiosis. The ERM Fungal Gene contents for polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, lipases, proteases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolism are closer to those of saprotrophs and pathogens than to those of ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The Fungal Genes most highly upregulated in symbiosis are those coding for Fungal and plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), lipases, proteases, transporters and mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs). The ERM Fungal Gene repertoire reveals a capacity for a dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle. This may reflect an incomplete transition from saprotrophy to the mycorrhizal habit, or a versatile life strategy similar to Fungal endophytes.
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Comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists
New Phytologist, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Martino, Stefania Daghino, Nicolas Cichocki, Gwenaelle Grelet, Alicia Clum, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Alan Kuo, Rhyan B DockterAbstract:Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their Fungal partners. The characterization of the Fungal Genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover. We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their Gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto‐ and orchid mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprotrophs, pathogens). We also identified Fungal transcripts induced in symbiosis. The ERM Fungal Gene contents for polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes, lipases, proteases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolism are closer to those of saprotrophs and pathogens than to those of ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The Fungal Genes most highly upregulated in symbiosis are those coding for Fungal and plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDEs), lipases, proteases, transporters and mycorrhiza‐induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs). The ERM Fungal Gene repertoire reveals a capacity for a dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle. This may reflect an incomplete transition from saprotrophy to the mycorrhizal habit, or a versatile life strategy similar to Fungal endophytes.
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identification of Genes differentially expressed in extraradical mycelium and ectomycorrhizal roots during paxillus involutus betula pendula ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Ma â â Lanie Morel, Michel Chalot, Francis Martin, Tomas Johansson, Annegret Kohler, Christophe Jacob, Annick BrunAbstract:The development of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis leads to drastic changes in Gene expression in both partners. However, little is known about the spatial regulation of symbiosis-regulated Genes. Using cDNA array profiling, we compared the levels of expression of Fungal Genes corresponding to approximately 1,200 expressed sequenced tags in the ectomycorrhizal root tips (ECM) and the connected extraradical mycelium (EM) for the Paxillus involutus-Betula pendula ectomycorrhizal association grown on peat in a microcosm system. Sixty-five unique Genes were found to be differentially expressed in these two Fungal compartments. In ECM, a Gene coding for a putative phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (Psd) was up-regulated by 24-fold, while Genes coding for urea (Dur3) and spermine (Tpo3) transporters were up-regulated 4.1- and 6.2-fold in EM. Moreover, urea was the major nitrogen compound found in EM by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. These results suggest that (i) there is a spatial difference in the patterns of Fungal Gene expression between ECM and EM, (ii) urea and polyamine transporters could facilitate the translocation of nitrogen compounds within the EM network, and (iii) Fungal Psd may contribute to membrane remodeling during ectomycorrhiza formation.
Francis Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of Plant and Fungal Gene Expression Upon Cd Exposure and Symbiosis in Ericoid Mycorrhizal Vaccinium myrtillus
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Salvatore Casarrubia, Stefania Daghino, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Elena Martino, Hassine-radhouane Khouja, Claude Murat, Erika Lindquist, Francis MartinAbstract:The success of Ericaceae in stressful habitats enriched in heavy metals has been ascribed to the distinctive abilities of their mycorrhizal Fungal partners to withstand heavy metal stress and to enhance metal tolerance in the host plant. Whereas heavy metal tolerance has been extensively investigated in some ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that extend tolerance to the host plant are currently unknown. Here, we show a reduced Cd content in Cd-exposed mycorrhizal roots of Vaccinium myrtillus colonized by a metal tolerant isolate of the fungus Oidiodendron maius as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. To better understand this phenotype, we applied Next Generation Sequencing technologies to analyze Gene expression in V. myrtillus and O. maius Zn grown under normal and Cd-stressed conditions, in the free living and in the mycorrhizal status. The results clearly showed that Cd had a stronger impact on plant Gene expression than symbiosis, whereas Fungal Gene expression was mainly regulated by symbiosis. The higher abundance of transcripts coding for stress related proteins in non-mycorrhizal roots may be related to the higher Cd content. Regulated plant metal transporters have been identified that may play a role in reducing Cd content in mycorrhizal roots exposed to this metal.
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understanding plant cell wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between tuber melanosporum and corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray
Planta, 2016Co-Authors: Fabiano Sillo, Francis Martin, Jonatan U Fangel, Bernard Henrissat, Antonella Faccio, Paola Bonfante, William G T Willats, Raffaella BalestriniAbstract:Main conclusion A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. Cell walls are involved, to a great extent, in mediating plant–microbe interactions. An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. In ectomycorrhizae, plant and Fungal cell walls come into direct contact, and represent the interface between the two partners. However, very little information is available on the re-arrangement that could occur within the plant and Fungal cell walls during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. Additionally, Genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected Genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizae. A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during Fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the Fungal Gene expression of Genes acting on these polysaccharides.
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RNA silencing in the model mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor: Gene knock-down of nitrate reductase results in inhibition of symbiosis with Populus
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Minna Kemppainen, Francis Martin, Sébastien Duplessis, Alejandro G. PardoAbstract:Mycorrhizal symbioses are a rule in nature and may have been crucial in plant and Fungal evolution. Ectomycorrhizas are mutualistic interactions between tree roots and soil fungi typical of temperate and boreal forests. The functional analysis of Genes involved in developmental and metabolic processes, such as N nutrition, is important to understand the ontogeny of this mutualistic symbiosis. RNA silencing was accomplished in the model mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor by Agrobacterium-mediated Gene transfer. Promoter-directed expression of double-stranded RNA with a partial coding sequence of the Laccaria nitrate reductase Gene resulted in Fungal transgenic strains strongly affected in growth with nitrate as N source in a medium with high concentration of an utilizable C source. The phenotype correlated with a clear reduction of the target Gene mRNA level and this effect was not caused by homologous recombination of the T-DNA in the nitrate reductase locus. Transformation with the hairpin sequence resulted in specific CpG methylation of both the silenced transGene and the nitrate reductase encoding Gene. The methylation in the target Gene was restricted to the silencing trigger sequence and did not represent the entire genomic DNA in the dikaryon suggesting that the epiGenetic changes accompanying RNA silencing affected only the transformed nucleus. Mycorrhization experiments of Populus with strongly silenced Fungal strains revealed a systematic inhibition of symbiosis under mycorrhization conditions (C starvation) and nitrate as N source compared with the wild type. This inhibition of mycorrhization was reversed by an organic N source only utilizable by the fungus. These observations would indicate that the plant may be capable of monitoring and detecting the nutritional status of a potential symbiont avoiding the establishment of an unsatisfactory interaction. A probable control mechanism conducted by the plant would inhibit symbiosis when the metabolic profile of the Fungal partner is not proper and mutual benefit from the symbiotic structure cannot be assured. Our results are the first report showing that the alteration of expression of a Fungal Gene impairs mycorrhization. Moreover, this work is the first demonstration of RNA silencing in mycorrhizal fungi and clearly shows that Gene knock-down is a powerful tool for further functional genomic studies in mycorrhizal research.
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identification of Genes differentially expressed in extraradical mycelium and ectomycorrhizal roots during paxillus involutus betula pendula ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Ma â â Lanie Morel, Michel Chalot, Francis Martin, Tomas Johansson, Annegret Kohler, Christophe Jacob, Annick BrunAbstract:The development of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis leads to drastic changes in Gene expression in both partners. However, little is known about the spatial regulation of symbiosis-regulated Genes. Using cDNA array profiling, we compared the levels of expression of Fungal Genes corresponding to approximately 1,200 expressed sequenced tags in the ectomycorrhizal root tips (ECM) and the connected extraradical mycelium (EM) for the Paxillus involutus-Betula pendula ectomycorrhizal association grown on peat in a microcosm system. Sixty-five unique Genes were found to be differentially expressed in these two Fungal compartments. In ECM, a Gene coding for a putative phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (Psd) was up-regulated by 24-fold, while Genes coding for urea (Dur3) and spermine (Tpo3) transporters were up-regulated 4.1- and 6.2-fold in EM. Moreover, urea was the major nitrogen compound found in EM by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. These results suggest that (i) there is a spatial difference in the patterns of Fungal Gene expression between ECM and EM, (ii) urea and polyamine transporters could facilitate the translocation of nitrogen compounds within the EM network, and (iii) Fungal Psd may contribute to membrane remodeling during ectomycorrhiza formation.
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cloning and characterization of hydrophobins encoding cdnas from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete pisolithus tinctorius
Gene, 1996Co-Authors: Denis Tagu, Birgit Nasse, Francis MartinAbstract:Abstract Major alterations of Fungal Gene expression are induced by the development of ectomycorrhiza, a symbiosis between tree roots and filamentous fungi. Several cDNAs corresponding to highly expressed transcripts of the Basidiomycete Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) were isolated from symbiotic tissues. Two of these abundant transcripts ( hydPt-1 and hydPt-2 ) encoded polypeptides belonging to the hydrophobin (Hyd) family, a group of small cysteine-rich Fungal proteins involved in morphoGenesis and plant-fungus interactions. As shown for other Hyd, the hydPt-1 and hydPt-2 mRNAs were barely detectable in mycelium grown in liquid culture and highly accumulated in aerial hyphae. In addition, these transcripts were also abundant in Eucalyptus globulus-Pt ectomycorrhiza in early stages of differentiation, during the colonisation of roots.
Stefania Daghino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of Plant and Fungal Gene Expression Upon Cd Exposure and Symbiosis in Ericoid Mycorrhizal Vaccinium myrtillus
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Salvatore Casarrubia, Stefania Daghino, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Elena Martino, Hassine-radhouane Khouja, Claude Murat, Erika Lindquist, Francis MartinAbstract:The success of Ericaceae in stressful habitats enriched in heavy metals has been ascribed to the distinctive abilities of their mycorrhizal Fungal partners to withstand heavy metal stress and to enhance metal tolerance in the host plant. Whereas heavy metal tolerance has been extensively investigated in some ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that extend tolerance to the host plant are currently unknown. Here, we show a reduced Cd content in Cd-exposed mycorrhizal roots of Vaccinium myrtillus colonized by a metal tolerant isolate of the fungus Oidiodendron maius as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. To better understand this phenotype, we applied Next Generation Sequencing technologies to analyze Gene expression in V. myrtillus and O. maius Zn grown under normal and Cd-stressed conditions, in the free living and in the mycorrhizal status. The results clearly showed that Cd had a stronger impact on plant Gene expression than symbiosis, whereas Fungal Gene expression was mainly regulated by symbiosis. The higher abundance of transcripts coding for stress related proteins in non-mycorrhizal roots may be related to the higher Cd content. Regulated plant metal transporters have been identified that may play a role in reducing Cd content in mycorrhizal roots exposed to this metal.
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comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists
New Phytologist, 2018Co-Authors: Stefania Daghino, Nicolas Cichocki, Ercole Di Martino, Gwenaelle Grelet, Alicia Clum, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Rhyan B DockterAbstract:Author(s): Martino, Elena; Morin, Emmanuelle; Grelet, Gwen-Aelle; Kuo, Alan; Kohler, Annegret; Daghino, Stefania; Barry, Kerrie W; Cichocki, Nicolas; Clum, Alicia; Dockter, Rhyan B; Hainaut, Matthieu; Kuo, Rita C; LaButti, Kurt; Lindahl, Bjorn D; Lindquist, Erika A; Lipzen, Anna; Khouja, Hassine-Radhouane; Magnuson, Jon; Murat, Claude; Ohm, Robin A; Singer, Steven W; Spatafora, Joseph W; Wang, Mei; Veneault-Fourrey, Claire; Henrissat, Bernard; Grigoriev, Igor V; Martin, Francis M; Perotto, Silvia | Abstract: Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their Fungal partners. The characterization of the Fungal Genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover. We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their Gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto- and orchid mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprotrophs, pathogens). We also identified Fungal transcripts induced in symbiosis. The ERM Fungal Gene contents for polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, lipases, proteases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolism are closer to those of saprotrophs and pathogens than to those of ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The Fungal Genes most highly upregulated in symbiosis are those coding for Fungal and plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), lipases, proteases, transporters and mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs). The ERM Fungal Gene repertoire reveals a capacity for a dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle. This may reflect an incomplete transition from saprotrophy to the mycorrhizal habit, or a versatile life strategy similar to Fungal endophytes.
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Comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists
New Phytologist, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Martino, Stefania Daghino, Nicolas Cichocki, Gwenaelle Grelet, Alicia Clum, Kerrie Barry, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Alan Kuo, Rhyan B DockterAbstract:Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their Fungal partners. The characterization of the Fungal Genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover. We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their Gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto‐ and orchid mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprotrophs, pathogens). We also identified Fungal transcripts induced in symbiosis. The ERM Fungal Gene contents for polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes, lipases, proteases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolism are closer to those of saprotrophs and pathogens than to those of ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The Fungal Genes most highly upregulated in symbiosis are those coding for Fungal and plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDEs), lipases, proteases, transporters and mycorrhiza‐induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs). The ERM Fungal Gene repertoire reveals a capacity for a dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle. This may reflect an incomplete transition from saprotrophy to the mycorrhizal habit, or a versatile life strategy similar to Fungal endophytes.
